1
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Choi C, Choi J, Jo JS, Jeon GW, Lee KW, Park DH, Jang JW. Photoluminescence variations in organic fluorescent crystals by changing the surface energy of the substrate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:379-386. [PMID: 38412723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Organic fluorescent crystals were obtained using single-benzene-based diethyl 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (DDT) molecules through crystallization from a droplet of the DDT solution on an Au substrate. To control the size of the DDT crystals, the surface energy of the Au substrate was modified with air plasma treatment, producing a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating. The size of DDT crystals increased as the surface energy of the substrate decreased. The averaged cross-section area of the DDT crystals on the Au substrates increased in the order of the air-plasma-treated substrate (∼23.43 μm2) < pristine substrate (∼225.6 μm2) < hydrophobic SAM-coated substrate (∼2240 μm2). On the other hand, the main emission of the DDT crystals redshifted from blue to green as the crystal size increased, which is related to the aggregation of the DDT crystals. Moreover, the coffee-ring effect during the DDT crystallization was hindered by controlling the solvent evaporation conditions. As examples of the application of the proposed technique, patterned DDT crystals were obtained using selectively patterned hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Choi
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Jo
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Wan Jeon
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chai Y, Li T, Zhang M, Liu M, Yang G, Karvinen P, Kuittinen M, Kang G. Brilliant quantum dots' photoluminescence from a dual-resonance plasmonic grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19950-19962. [PMID: 38859116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.521561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently caused a stir as a promising and powerful lighting material applied in real-time fluorescence detection, display, and imaging. Photonic nanostructures are well suited for enhancing photoluminescence (PL) due to their ability to tailor the electromagnetic field, which raises both radiative and nonradiative decay rate of QDs nearby. However, several proposed structures with a complicated manufacturing process or low PL enhancement hinder their application and commercialization. Here, we present two kinds of dual-resonance gratings to effectively improve PL enhancement and propose a facile fabrication method based on holographic lithography. A maximum of 220-fold PL enhancement from CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs are realized on 1D Al-coated photoresist (PR) gratings, where dual resonance bands are excited to simultaneously overlap the absorption and emission bands of QDs, much larger than those of some reported structures. Giant PL enhancement realized by cost-effective method further suggests the potential of better developing the nanostructure to QD-based optical and optoelectronic devices.
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3
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Tardío C, Pinilla-Peñalver E, Donoso B, Torres-Moya I. Tunable Unexplored Luminescence in Waveguides Based on D-A-D Benzoselenadiazoles Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 38786779 PMCID: PMC11124293 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A set of novel Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) benzoselenadiazole derivatives has been synthesized and crystallized in nanocrystals in order to explore the correlation between their chemical structure and the waveguided luminescent properties. The findings reveal that all crystals exhibit luminescence and active optical waveguiding, demonstrating the ability to adjust their luminescence within a broad spectral range of 550-700 nm depending on the donor group attached to the benzoselenadiazole core. Notably, a clear relationship exists between the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of each compound and the color emission of the corresponding optical waveguides. These outcomes affirm the feasibility of modifying the color emission of organic waveguides through suitable chemical functionalization. Importantly, this study marks the first utilization of benzoseleniadiazole derivatives for such purposes, underscoring the originality of this research. In addition, the obtention of nanocrystals is a key tool for the implementation of miniaturized photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tardío
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Esther Pinilla-Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30010 Murcia, Spain
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4
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Zhang X, Song JX, Chang X, Li K, Chen Y. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Binuclear Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes with Cuprophilic Interactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304224. [PMID: 38414117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Copper(I)-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been conceived to be promising candidates for display and lighting applications because of their multifarious structures and strong photoluminescence. Herein a string of binuclear Cu(I) complexes bearing pronounced cuprophilic interactions have been designed and synthesized. [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2-η1-C≡C-Ph)2] (1 a) and [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2-η1-C≡C-PPXZ)2] (1 b) display photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 67 % in doped films and solid states via TADF and exhibit reversible bicolor luminescence switching upon mechanical stimuli. Computational studies manifest that the metal-to-ligand charge transfer predominant transitions ensure a small energy splitting (ΔEST) between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states and cuprophilic interactions promote the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), favoring the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. This study provides a new strategy for the construction of stimuli-responsive metal-based TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xi Song
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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5
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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6
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Almehairbi M, Joshi VC, Irfan A, Saeed ZM, Alkhidir T, Abdelhaq AM, Managutti PB, Dhokale B, Jadhav T, Calvin Sun C, Mohamed S. Surface Engineering of the Mechanical Properties of Molecular Crystals via an Atomistic Model for Computing the Facet Stress Response of Solids. Chemistry 2024:e202400779. [PMID: 38613428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular crystals are an emerging class of crystalline materials that can respond to mechanical stress by dissipating internal strain in a number of ways. Given the serendipitous nature of the discovery of such crystals, progress in the field requires advances in computational methods for the accurate and high-throughput computation of the nanomechanical properties of crystals on specific facets which are exposed to mechanical stress. Here, we develop and apply a new atomistic model for computing the surface elastic moduli of crystals on any set of facets of interest using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) methods. The model was benchmarked against a total of 24 reported nanoindentation measurements from a diverse set of molecular crystals and was found to be generally reliable. Using only the experimental crystal structure of the dietary supplement, L-aspartic acid, the model was subsequently applied under blind test conditions, to correctly predict the growth morphology, facet and nanomechanical properties of L-aspartic acid to within the accuracy of the measured elastic stiffness of the crystal, 24.53±0.56 GPa. This work paves the way for the computational design and experimental realization of other functional molecular crystals with tailor-made mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Almehairbi
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Vikram C Joshi
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Ahamad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zeinab M Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tamador Alkhidir
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aya M Abdelhaq
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Praveen B Managutti
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bhausaheb Dhokale
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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7
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Chen Q, Tang B, Ye K, Zhang H. Elastic Organic Crystals Exhibiting Amplified Spontaneous Emission Waveguides with Standard Red Chromaticity of the Rec.2020 Gamut. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311762. [PMID: 38215287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of mechanically flexible molecular crystals as optical transuding media is demonstrated for a plethora of applications; however, the spectral peaks of optical outputs located mainly in the range of 400-600 nm are insufficient for practical telecommunication and full-color display applications. Herein, two elastically bendable organic crystals are reported that show red emission of the rec.709 gamut under 365 nm UV light irradiation yet generate rec.2020 gamut red optical waveguides and amplified spontaneous emissions when irradiated by a 355 nm laser. Capitalizing on the extended π-conjugation and donor-acceptor character, as well as mechanical elasticity, these organic crystals exhibit flexible optical waveguides with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.70, 0.29), nearly identical to the red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut required for ultrahigh-definition (UHD) displays. Notably, one of the elastic crystals functions as a soft resonance cavity, resulting in amplified spontaneous emission waveguides with CIE coordinates of (0.71, 0.29) and the standard red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut, both in straight and bent states. This study presents a new avenue for the development of high-purity red-emissive crystalline materials to create all-organic, lightweight, and mechanically compliant optical telecommunication and UHD display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Z, Han W, Shi R, Han X, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals. JACS AU 2024; 4:279-300. [PMID: 38425899 PMCID: PMC10900217 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible crystals have gained significant attention owing to their remarkable pliability, plasticity, and adaptability, making them highly popular in various research and application fields. The main challenges in developing flexible crystals lie in the rational design, preparation, and performance optimization of such crystals. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental origins of crystal flexibility is crucial for establishing evaluation criteria and design principles. This Perspective offers a retrospective analysis of the development of flexible crystals over the past two decades. It summarizes the elastic standards and possible plastic bending mechanisms tailored to diverse flexible crystals and analyzes the assessment of their theoretical basis and applicability. Meanwhile, the compatibility between crystal elasticity and plasticity has been discussed, unveiling the immense prospects of elastic/plastic crystals for applications in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and flexible optics. Furthermore, this Perspective presents state-of-the-art experimental avenues and analysis methods for investigating molecular interactions in molecular crystals, which is vital for the future exploration of the mechanisms of crystal flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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9
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Yang X, Al-Handawi MB, Li L, Naumov P, Zhang H. Hybrid and composite materials of organic crystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2684-2696. [PMID: 38404393 PMCID: PMC10884791 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06469g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic molecular crystals have historically been viewed as delicate and fragile materials. However, recent studies have revealed that many organic crystals, especially those with high aspect ratios, can display significant flexibility, elasticity, and shape adaptability. The discovery of mechanical compliance in organic crystals has recently enabled their integration with responsive polymers and other components to create novel hybrid and composite materials. These hybrids exhibit unique structure-property relationships and synergistic effects that not only combine, but occasionally also enhance the advantages of the constituent crystals and polymers. Such organic crystal composites rapidly emerge as a promising new class of materials for diverse applications in optics, electronics, sensing, soft robotics, and beyond. While specific, mostly practical challenges remain regarding scalability and manufacturability, being endowed with both structurally ordered and disordered components, the crystal-polymer composite materials set a hitherto unexplored yet very promising platform for the next-generation adaptive devices. This Perspective provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in design strategies, dynamic properties and applications of hybrid and composite materials centered on organic crystals. It addresses the current challenges and provides a future outlook on this emerging class of multifunctional, stimuli-responsive, and mechanically robust class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi PO Box 38044 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Bul. Krste Misirkov 2 MK-1000 Skopje Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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10
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Cassiano TSA, Pereira ML, E Silva GM, de Oliveira Neto PH, Ribeiro LA. Large polarons in two-dimensional fullerene networks: the crucial role of anisotropy in charge transport. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2337-2346. [PMID: 38086667 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04920e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The recent synthesis of a two-dimensional quasi-hexagonal-phase monolayer network of C60 molecules, known as qHPC60, holds significant promise for future semiconductor applications. However, the mechanism behind charge transport in these networks remains unknown. In this study, we developed a Holstein-Peierls Hamiltonian model to investigate charge transport in qHPC60, incorporating both local and non-local electron-phonon couplings. Our computational approach involved identifying suitable semi-empirical parameters to realize the formation of stable polarons in this material. The results unveiled the formation of stable large polarons as the primary carriers in the charge transport throughout qHPC60. To explore polaron transport properties, we conducted dynamic simulations within the picosecond time scale while subjecting the system to an external electric field. Our analysis emphasized the substantial influence of anisotropy on shaping mobile polarons, with an anisotropy coefficient of at least 50%. The polarons exhibited velocities within the acoustic regime ranging from 0.5-1.5 nm ps-1. While these velocities are comparable to those observed in high-end organic molecular crystals, they are considerably lower than those in graphene and conducting polymers. With qHPC60 possessing a semiconducting band gap of approximately 1.6 eV, our findings shed light on its potential application in flat electronics, overcoming the null-gap predicament of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S A Cassiano
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, 70.910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - M L Pereira
- International Center of Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - G M E Silva
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, 70.910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - L A Ribeiro
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, 70.910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
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11
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Ghasemlou S, Cuppen HM. Mechanism of Phase Transition in dl-Methionine: Determining Cooperative and Molecule-by-Molecule Transformations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3229-3239. [PMID: 38284040 PMCID: PMC10809693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The solid-state phase transition in dl-methionine has been extensively studied because of its atypical behavior. The transition occurs through changes in the molecular conformation and 3D packing of the molecules. Phase transitions in racemic aliphatic amino acid crystals are known to show different behaviors depending on whether conformational changes or packing changes are involved, where the former is thought to proceed through a nucleation-and-growth mechanism in a standard molecule-by-molecule picture, and the latter through a cooperative mechanism. The phase transition of dl-methionine resembles the thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural features of both categories: a conformational change and relative shifts between layers in two directions. The present paper presents molecular dynamics simulations of the phase transition to examine the underlying mechanism from two perspectives: (i) analysis of the scaling behavior of the free energy barriers involved in the phase transition and (ii) a structural inspection of the phase transition. Both methods can help to distinguish between a concerted phase change and a molecule-by-molecule or zip-like mechanism. The free energy predominantly scales with the system size, which suggests a cooperative mechanism. The structural changes draw, however, a slightly more complex picture. The conformational changes appear to occur in a molecule-by-molecule fashion, where the rotational movement is triggered by movement in the same layer. Conformational changes occur on a time scale nearly twice as long as the shifts between layers. Shifts in one direction appear to be less concerted than shifts in the perpendicular direction. We relate this to the edge-free energy involved in these shifts. We believe that the behavior observed in dl-methionine is likely applicable to phase transitions in other layered systems that interact through aliphatic chains as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghasemlou
- Faculty
of Science, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HC, The Netherlands
| | - Herma M. Cuppen
- Faculty
of Science, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HC, The Netherlands
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
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12
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Peng J, Han C, Zhang X, Jia J, Bai J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xue P. Mechanical Effects of Elastic Crystals Driven by Natural Sunlight and Force. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311348. [PMID: 37828622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible crystals that can capture solar energy and convert it into mechanical energy are promising for a wide range of applications such as information storage and actuators, but obtaining them remains a challenge. Herein, an elastic crystal of a barbiturate derivative was found to be an excellent candidate, demonstrating plastic bending behavior under natural sunlight irradiation. 1 H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrum data of microcrystals before and after light irradiation demonstrated that light-induced [2+2] cycloaddition was the driving force for the photomechanical effects. Interestingly, the crystals retained elastic bending even after light irradiation. This is the first report of flexible crystals that can be driven by natural sunlight and that have both photomechanical properties and elasticity. Furthermore, regulation of the passive light output direction of the crystals and transport of objects by applying mechanical forces and light was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuchu Han
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Aerospace science & industry defense technology research and test center, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiakun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin key laboratory of structure and performance for functional molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
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13
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Feng X, Lin R, Yang S, Xu Y, Zhang T, Chen S, Ji Y, Wang Z, Chen S, Zhu C, Gao Z, Zhao YS. Spatially Resolved Organic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Hetero-Microrings for High-Security Photonic Barcodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310263. [PMID: 37604784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities featuring distinguishable sharp peaks in a broadband exhibit enormous advantages in the field of miniaturized photonic barcodes. However, such kind of barcodes developed hitherto are primarily based on microcavities wherein multiple gain medias were blended into a single matrix, thus resulting in the limited and indistinguishable coding elements. Here, a surface tension assisted heterogeneous assembly strategy is proposed to construct the spatially resolved WGM hetero-microrings with multiple spatial colors along its circular direction. Through precisely regulating the charge-transfer (CT) strength, full-color microrings covering the entire visible range were effectively acquired, which exhibit a series of sharp and recognizable peaks and allow for the effective construction of high-quality photonic barcodes. Notably, the spatially resolved WGM hetero-microrings with multiple coding elements were finally acquired through heterogeneous nucleation and growth controlled by the directional diffusion between the hetero-emulsion droplets, thus remarkably promoting the security strength and coding capacity of the barcodes. The results would be useful to fabricate new types of organic hierarchical hybrid WGM heterostructures for optical information recording and security labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru Lin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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14
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Wang D, Chen Y, Xia T, Claudino M, Melendez A, Ni X, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Citric Acid-Based Intrinsic Band-Shifting Photoluminescent Materials. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0152. [PMID: 37256199 PMCID: PMC10226408 DOI: 10.34133/research.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid, an important metabolite with abundant reactive groups, has been demonstrated as a promising starting material to synthesize diverse photoluminescent materials including small molecules, polymers, and carbon dots. The unique citrate chemistry enables the development of a series of citric acid-based molecules and nanomaterials with intriguing intrinsic band-shifting behavior, where the emission wavelength shifts as the excitation wavelength increases, ideal for chromatic imaging and many other applications. In this review, we discuss the concept of "intrinsic band-shifting photoluminescent materials", introduce the recent advances in citric acid-based intrinsic band-shifting materials, and discuss their potential applications such as chromatic imaging and multimodal sensing. It is our hope that the insightful and forward-thinking discussion in this review will spur the innovation and applications of the unique band-shifting photoluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tunan Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mariana Claudino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Allison Melendez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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15
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Xu CF, Liu YP, Yu Y, Meng XY, Zong H, Lv Q, Xia XY, Wang XD, Liao LS. Two-Dimensional Optical Waveguides at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Organic Single-Crystal Microsheets of a Charge Transfer Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3047-3056. [PMID: 36946651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals open a new door for the exploitation of low-dimensional near-infrared (NIR) emitters by a convenient self-assembly approach. However, research about the fabrication of sheet-like NIR-emitting microstructures that are significant for structural construction and integrated application is limited by the unidirectional molecular packing mode. Herein, via regulation of the biaxial intermolecular CT interaction, single-crystalline microsheets with remarkable NIR emission from 720 to 960 nm were synthesized via the solution self-assembly process of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. The expected sheet-like structure is conducive to achieving a two-dimensional (2D) optical waveguide with an ultralow optical loss rate of 0.250 dB/μm at 860 nm. More significantly, these as-prepared organic microsheets with tunable thicknesses (h) from 100 to 1100 nm exhibit thickness-dependent NIR optical transportation performance. These findings could pave the way to a new class of low-dimensional NIR emitters for 2D photonics at telecom wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
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16
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Chen YS, Wang CH, Hu YH, Lu CYD, Yang JS. An Elastic Organic Crystal Enables Macroscopic Photoinduced Crystal Elongation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6024-6028. [PMID: 36840927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of photomechanical deformations of organic crystals, photoinduced elongation of millimeter-scale crystals has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report that the millimeter-sized crystalline rods of an anthracene-pentiptycene hybrid organic π-system (1) are highly elastic and able to elongate up to 21.6% or 0.40 mm without fragmentation upon undergoing [4 + 4] photodimerization reactions. Both the mechanical and photomechanical effects reveal a strong cohesion of the system, even at the interface of 1 and its photodimer 2 and under the conditions of randomized molecular packing, representing a new class of mechanically adaptive organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi David Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Efficient regulation of active layer morphology and interfacial charge-transfer process by porphyrin-based additive in organic solar cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Wu W, Chen K, Zhang X, Wang T, Li S, Zhao H, Zhou L, Huang X, Hao H. Organic Crystals with Response to Multiple Stimuli: Mechanical Bending, Acid-Induced Bending and Heating-Induced Jumping. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202598. [PMID: 36214731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple stimuli-responsive molecular crystals are attracting extensive attentions due to their potential as smart materials, such as molecular machines, actuators, and sensors. However, the task of giving a single crystal multiple stimuli-responsive properties remains extremely challenging. Herein, we found two polymorphs (Form O and Form R) of a Schiff base compound, which could respond to multiple stimuli (external force, acid, heat). Form O and Form R have different elastic deformability, which can be attributed to the differences in the molecular conformation, structural packing and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, both polymorphs exhibit reversible bending driven by volatile acid vapor, which we hypothesize is caused by reversible protonation reaction of imines with formic acid. In addition, jumping can be triggered by heating due to the significant anisotropic expansion. The integration of reversible bending and jumping into one single crystal expands the application scope of stimuli-responsive crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiunan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongtu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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