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Jin H, Wang Y, An X, Wang S, Wang Y, Yang G, Shi L, Sun Y. A Review of Fluoride Removal from Phosphorous Gypsum: A Quantitative Analysis via a Machine Learning Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3606. [PMID: 39063899 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores fluoride removal from phosphogypsum, focusing on its composition, fluorine-containing compounds, characterization methods, and defluorination techniques. It initially outlines the elemental composition of phosphogypsum prevalent in major production regions and infers the presence of fluorine compounds based on these constituents. The study highlights X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a pivotal method for characterizing fluorine compounds, emphasizing its capability to determine precise binding energies essential for identifying various fluorine species. Additionally, the first-principle density functional theory (DFT) is employed to estimate binding energies of different fluorine-containing compounds. Significant correlations are observed between the total atomic energy of binary fluorides (e.g., of alkali metals, earth metals, and boron group metals) and XPS binding energies. However, for complex compounds like calcium fluorophosphate, correlations with the calculated average atomic total energy are less direct. The review categorizes defluorination methods applied to phosphogypsum as physical, chemical, thermal, and thermal-combined processes, respectively. It introduces neural network machine learning (ML) technology to quantitatively analyze and optimize reported defluorination strategies. Simulation results indicate potential optimizations based on quantitative analyses of process conditions reported in the literature. This review provides a systematic approach to understanding the phosphogypsum composition, fluorine speciation, analytical methodologies, and effective defluorination strategies. The attempts of adopting DFT simulation and quantitative analysis using ML in optimization underscore its potential and feasibility in advancing the industrial phosphogypsum defluorination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Xuebin An
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shizhao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lufang Shi
- Each Energy Australia, James Ruse Drive, Paramatta, NSW 2116, Australia
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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2
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Li H, Li Y, Chen J, Lu L, Wang P, Hu J, Ma R, Gao Y, Yi H, Li W, Lei A. Scalable and Selective Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407392. [PMID: 39031667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of aromatic compounds constitutes a fundamental and ongoing area of investigation. The selective reduction of polycyclic aromatic compounds to give either fully or partially reduced products remains a challenge, especially in applications to complex molecules at scale. Herein, we present a selective electrochemical hydrogenation of polycyclic arenes conducted under mild conditions. A noteworthy achievement of this approach is the ability to finely control both the complete and partial reduction of specific aromatic rings within polycyclic arenes by judiciously varying the reaction solvents. Mechanistic investigations elucidate the pivotal role played by in situ proton generation and interface regulation in governing reaction selectivity. The reductive electrochemical conditions show a very high level of functional-group tolerance. Furthermore, this methodology represents an easily scalable reduction (demonstrated by the reduction of 1 kg scale starting material) using electrochemical flow chemistry to give key intermediates for the synthesis of specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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3
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Huang J, Li X, Liu P, Wei Y, Liu S, Ma X. Selective Oxidative Cleavage of Benzyl C-N Bond under Metal-Free Electrochemical Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2851. [PMID: 38930916 PMCID: PMC11206264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the growing significance of green chemistry in organic synthesis, electrochemical oxidation has seen rapid development. Compounds undergo oxidation-reduction reactions through electron transfer at the electrode surface. This article proposes the use of electrochemical methods to achieve cleavage of the benzyl C-N bond. This method selectively oxidatively cleaves the C-N bond without the need for metal catalysts or external oxidants. Additionally, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines exhibit good adaptability under these conditions, utilizing water as the sole source of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.H.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoman Li
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.H.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.H.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.H.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- Bingtuan Energy Development Institute, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.H.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (Y.W.)
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Li H, Yan G, Zhao H, Howlett PC, Wang X, Fang J. Earthworm-Inspired Co/Co 3O 4/CoF 2@NSC Nanofibrous Electrocatalyst with Confined Channels for Enhanced ORR/OER Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311272. [PMID: 38377229 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The rational construction of highly active and durable oxygen-reactive electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) plays a critical role in rechargeable metal-air batteries. It is pivotal to achieve optimal utilization of electrocatalytically active sites and valid control of the high specific internal surface area. Inspiration for designing electrocatalysts can come from nature, as it is full of precisely manipulated and highly efficient structures. Herein, inspired by earthworms fertilizing soil, a 3D carbon nanofibrous electrocatalyst with multiple interconnected nanoconfined channels, cobalt-based heterojunction active particles and enriched N, S heteroatoms (Co/Co3O4/CoF2@NSC with confined channels) is rationally designed, showing superior bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte, even outperforming that of benchmark Pt/C-RuO2 catalyst. This work demonstrates a new method for porous structural regulation, in which the internal confined channels within the nanofibers are controllably formed by the spontaneous migration of cobalt-based nanoparticles under a CO2 atmosphere. Theoretical analysis reveals that constructing Co/Co3O4/CoF2@NSC electrocatalyst with confined channels can greatly adjust the electron distribution, effectively lower the reaction barrier of inter-mediate and reduce the OER/ORR overpotential. This work introduces a novel and nature-inspired strategy for designing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with well-designed architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, JC STEM lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guilong Yan
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Haoyue Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC3200, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, JC STEM lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Liu C, Chen F, Zhao BH, Wu Y, Zhang B. Electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation of organic species involving water. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:277-293. [PMID: 38528116 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuel-driven thermochemical hydrogenation and oxidation using high-pressure H2 and O2 are still popular but energy-intensive CO2-emitting processes. At present, developing renewable energy-powered electrochemical technologies, especially those using clean, safe and easy-to-handle reducing agents and oxidants for organic hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, is urgently needed. Water is an ideal carrier of hydrogen and oxygen. Electrochemistry provides a powerful route to drive water splitting under ambient conditions. Thus, electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation transformations involving water as the hydrogen source and oxidant, respectively, have been developed to be mild and efficient tools to synthesize organic hydrogenated and oxidized products. In this Review, we highlight the advances in water-participating electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of representative organic molecules. Typical electrode materials, performance metrics and key characterization techniques are firstly introduced. General electrocatalyst design principles and controlling the microenvironment for promoting hydrogenation and oxygenation reactions involving water are summarized. Furthermore, paired hydrogenation and oxidation reactions are briefly introduced before finally discussing the challenges and future opportunities of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanpeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Mancuso F, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Melchionna M, Franco F, Filippini G. Nanostructured electrocatalysts for organic synthetic transformations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5926-5940. [PMID: 38441238 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic chemists have made and are still making enormous efforts toward the development of novel green catalytic synthesis. The necessity arises from the imperative of safeguarding human health and the environment, while ensuring efficient and sustainable chemical production. Within this context, electrocatalysis provides a framework for the design of new organic reactions under mild conditions. Undoubtedly, nanostructured materials are under the spotlight as the most popular and in most cases efficient platforms for advanced organic electrosynthesis. This Minireview focuses on the recent developments in the use of nanostructured electrocatalysts, highlighting the correlation between their chemical structures and resulting catalytic abilities, and pointing to future perspectives for their application in cutting-edge areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mancuso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Franco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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7
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Bai L, Wang Y, Han Z, Bai J, Leng K, Zheng L, Qu Y, Wu Y. Efficient industrial-current-density acetylene to polymer-grade ethylene via hydrogen-localization transfer over fluorine-modified copper. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8384. [PMID: 38104169 PMCID: PMC10725425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic acetylene semi-hydrogenation to ethylene powered by renewable electricity represents a sustainable pathway, but the inadequate current density and single-pass yield greatly impedes the production efficiency and industrial application. Herein, we develop a F-modified Cu catalyst that shows an industrial partial current density up to 0.76 A cm-2 with an ethylene Faradic efficiency surpass 90%, and the maximum single-pass yield reaches a notable 78.5%. Furthermore, the Cu-F showcase the capability to directly convert acetylene into polymer-grade ethylene in a tandem flow cell, almost no acetylene residual in the production. Combined characterizations and calculations reveal that the Cuδ+ (near fluorine) enhances the water dissociation, and the generated active hydrogen are immediately transferred to Cu0 (away from fluorine) and react with the locally adsorbed acetylene. Therefore, the hydrogen evolution reaction is surpassed and the overall acetylene semi-hydrogenation performance is boosted. Our findings provide new opportunity towards rational design of catalysts for large-scale electrosynthesis of ethylene and other important industrial raw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bai
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Han
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinbo Bai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LMPS-Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kunyue Leng
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 100039, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunteng Qu
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
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Shi C, Xu R, He L, Li T, Liu S, Yun R. Endowing Nanoparticles with High Stability on the Hydrogenation Reaction by the Amino Group-Assisted Strategy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13400-13404. [PMID: 37552508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In the field of a heterogeneous industrial catalysis process, the encapsulated structure plays a crucial role in preventing active sites from leaching during the reaction; however, related studies on the strategy to fabricate encapsulated catalysts under control remain rare. Herein, we develop an amino-assisted strategy to construct a highly stable catalyst with core-shell copper nanoparticles (NPs), namely, Cu@NC (NC represents the nitrogen-doped carbon), presenting not only excellent activity but also high durability on the hydrogenation of quinolines even in the large-scale tests, which is very vital in practical application. In contrast, in the absence of the amino group, the Cu NPs were dispersed out of the carbon surface to form Cu/NC, leading to readily lose activity in the recycling tests due to the leaching occurred during the catalytic process. This work offers a promising method to fabricate a stable catalyst to enhance durability in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
| | - Tuanhui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
| | - Shoujie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Yun
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 214001, P. R. China
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Zhou B, Zhan G, Yao Y, Zhang W, Zhao S, Quan F, Fang C, Shi Y, Huang Y, Jia F, Zhang L. Renewable energy driven electroreduction nitrate to ammonia and in-situ ammonia recovery via a flow-through coupled device. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120256. [PMID: 37354842 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Green ammonia production from wastewater via electrochemical nitrate reduction contributes substantially to the realization of carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, the current electrochemical technology is largely limited by the lack of suitable device for efficient and continuous electroreduction nitrate into ammonia and in-situ ammonia recovery. Here, we report a flow-through coupled device composed of a compact electrocatalytic cell for efficient nitrate reduction and a unit to separate the produced ammonia without any pH adjustment and additional energy-input from the circulating nitrate-containing wastewater. Using an efficient and selective Cl-modified Cu foam electrode, nearly 100% NO3- electroreduction efficiency and over 82.5% NH3 Faradaic efficiency was realized for a wide range of nitrate-containing wastewater from 50 to 200 mg NO3--N L-1. Moreover, this flow-through coupled device can continuingly operate at a large current of 800 mA over 100 h with a sustained NH3 yield rate of 420 μg h-1 cm-2 for nitrate-containing wastewater treatment (50 mg NO3--N L-1). When driven by solar energy, the flow-through coupled device can also exhibit exceptional real wastewater treatment performance, delivering great potential for practical application. This work paves a new avenue for clean energy production and environmental sustainability as well as carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yancai Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chuyang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Falong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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10
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Wang Y, Cao Y, Hai Y, Wang X, Su S, Ding W, Liu Z, Li X, Luo M. Metal-organic framework-derived Cu nanoparticle binder-free monolithic electrodes with multiple support structures for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11213-11221. [PMID: 37522833 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01412f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia, which removes nitrates from aquatic ecosystems, is a potential alternative to the classical Haber-Bosch process. Nevertheless, the selectivity of ammonia is often affected by the toxic by-product nitrite. Here, the polyhedral-supported Cu nanoparticle binder-free monolithic electrode (Cu-BTC-Cu) is synthesized by the in situ electroreduction of Cu metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) precursors. The Cu-BTC-Cu displays a high ammonia yield of 4.00 mg h-1 cm-2cat and a faradaic efficiency of 83.8% in 0.05 M K2SO4 (pH = 7), greatly outperforming the rod-supported (Cu-BTEC-Cu) and unsupported (Cu-BDC-Cu) Cu nanoparticle monolithic electrodes. Impressively, the Cu-BTC-Cu can inhibit significantly the release of by-product NO2- and present favourable stability after 10 consecutive cycles. These preeminent properties can be attributed to the polyhedral structure, which enables better dispersion of Cu nanoparticles and brings more active sites. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of Cu-BTC-Cu is analysed by electrochemical in situ characterization and several key intermediates are captured. This work provides new insights into the modification of the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction activity of Cu-based catalysts and ideas for the design of high-efficiency electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Hai
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Senda Su
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Wenming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoman Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China.
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11
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Liu C, Wu Y, Zhao B, Zhang B. Designed Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Organic Hydrogenation Using Water as the Hydrogen Source. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37316974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe hydrogenation reaction is one of the most frequently used transformations in organic synthesis. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation by using water (H2O) as the hydrogen source offers an efficient and sustainable approach to synthesize hydrogenated products under ambient conditions. Such a technique can avoid the use of high-pressure and flammable hydrogen gas or other toxic/expensive hydrogen donors, which usually cause environmental, safety, and cost concerns. Interestingly, utilizing easily available heavy water (D2O) for deuterated syntheses is also attractive due to the widespread applications of deuterated molecules in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. Despite impressive achievements, electrode selection mainly relies on trial-and-error modes, and how electrodes dictate reaction outcomes remains elusive. Therefore, the rational design of nanostructured electrodes for driving the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of a series of organics via H2O electrolysis is developed.In this Account, we review recent advances in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of different types of organic functional groups, including C≡C, C≡N, C═C, C═O, and C-Br/I bonds, -NO2, and N-heterocycles, with H2O over nanostructured cathodes. First, the general reaction steps (reactant/intermediate adsorption, active atomic hydrogen (H*) formation, surface hydrogenation reaction, product desorption) are analyzed, and key factors are proposed to optimize hydrogenation performance (e.g., selectivity, activity, Faradaic efficiency (FE), reaction rate, and productivity) and inhibit side reactions. Then, ex situ and in situ spectroscopic tools to study key intermediates and interpret mechanisms are introduced. Third, based on the knowledge of key reaction steps and mechanisms, we introduce catalyst design principles in detail on how to optimize the adoption of reactants and key intermediates, promote the formation of H* from water electrolysis, inhibit hydrogen evolution and side reactions, and improve the selectivity, reaction rate, FEs, and space-time productivity of products. We then introduce some typical examples. (i) P- and S-modified Pd can decrease C═C adsorption and promote H* formation, enabling semihydrogenation of alkynes with high selectivity and FEs at lower potentials. Then, creating high-curvature nanotips to concentrate the substrates further speeds up the hydrogenation process. (ii) By introducing low-coordination sites into Fe and combining low-coordination sites and surface fluorine to modify Co to optimize the adsorption of intermediates and facilitate H* formation, hydrogenation of nitriles and N-heterocycles with high activity and selectivity is obtained. (iii) By forming isolated Pd sites to induce a specific σ-alkynyl adsorption of alkynes and steering S vacancies of Co3S4-x to preferentially adsorb -NO2, hydrogenation of easily reduced group-decorated alkynes and nitroarenes with high chemoselectivity is realized. (iv) For gas reactant participated reactions, by designing hydrophobic gas diffusion layer-supported ultrasmall Cu nanoparticles to enhance mass transfer, improve H2O activation, inhibit H2 formation, and decrease ethylene adsorption, ampere-level ethylene production with a 97.7% FE is accomplished. Finally, we provide an outlook on the current challenges and promising opportunities in this area. We believe that the electrode selection principles summarized here provide a paradigm for designing highly active and selective nanomaterials to achieve electrocatalytic hydrogenation and other organic transformations with fascinating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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12
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Lu S, Cheng C, Shi Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Unveiling the structural transformation and activity origin of heteroatom-doped carbons for hydrogen evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300549120. [PMID: 37155878 PMCID: PMC10193929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300549120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have been widely used in many electrocatalytic reduction reactions. Their structure-activity relationships are mainly explored based on the assumption that the doped carbon materials remain stable during electrocatalysis. However, the structural evolution of heteroatom-doped carbon materials is often ignored, and their active origins are still unclear. Herein, taking N-doped graphite flake (N-GP) as the research model, we present the hydrogenation of both N and C atoms and the consequent reconstruction of the carbon skeleton during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), accompanied by a remarkable promotion of the HER activity. The N dopants are gradually hydrogenated and almost completely dissolved in the form of ammonia. Theoretical simulations demonstrate that the hydrogenation of the N species leads to the reconstruction of the carbon skeleton from hexagonal to 5,7-topological rings (G5-7) with thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption and easy water dissociation. P-, S-, and Se-doped graphites also show similar removal of doped heteroatoms and the formation of G5-7 rings. Our work unveils the activity origin of heteroatom-doped carbon toward the HER and opens a door to rethinking the structure-performance relationships of carbon-based materials for other electrocatalytic reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Zhipu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
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Zhao Y, Xu J, Huang K, Ge W, Liu Z, Lian C, Liu H, Jiang H, Li C. Dopant- and Surfactant-Tuned Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Enabling Efficient Alkynol Semi-Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6516-6525. [PMID: 36913524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical alkynol semi-hydrogenation has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally benign route for the production of high-value alkenols, featuring water as the hydrogen source instead of H2. It is highly challenging to design the electrode-electrolyte interface with efficient electrocatalysts and their matched electrolytes to break the selectivity-activity stereotype. Here, boron-doped Pd catalysts (PdB) and surfactant-modified interface are proposed to enable the simultaneous increase in alkenol selectivity and alkynol conversion. Typically, compared to pure Pd and commercial Pd/C catalysts, the PdB catalyst achieves both higher turnover frequency (139.8 h-1) and specific selectivity (above 90%) for the semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY). Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants that are employed as electrolyte additives are assembled at the electrified interface in response to applied bias potential, establishing an interfacial microenvironment that can facilitate alkynol transfer and hinder water transfer suitably. Eventually the hydrogen evolution reaction is inhibited and alkynol semi-hydrogenation is promoted, without inducing the decrease of alkenol selectivity. This work offers a distinct perspective on creating a suitable electrode-electrolyte interface for electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wangxin Ge
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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