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Kim L, Scougale WR, Sharma P, Shirato N, Wieghold S, Rose V, Chen W, Balasubramanian G, Chien T. Distinguishing Elements at the Sub-Nanometer Scale on the Surface of a High Entropy Alloy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402442. [PMID: 38682745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Materials in crystalline form possess translational symmetry (TS) when the unit cell is repeated in real space with long- and short-range orders. The periodic potential in the crystal regulates the electron wave function and results in unique band structures, which further define the physical properties of the materials. Amorphous materials lack TS due to the randomization of distances and arrangements between atoms, causing the electron wave function to lack a well-defined momentum. High entropy materials provide another way to break the TS by randomizing the potential strength at periodic atomic sites. The local elemental distribution has a great impact on physical properties in high entropy materials. It is critical to distinguish elements at the sub-nanometer scale to uncover the correlations between the elemental distribution and the material properties. Here, the use of synchrotron X-ray scanning tunneling microscopy (SX-STM) with sub-nm scale resolution in identifying elements on a high entropy alloy (HEA) surface is demonstrated. By examining the elementally sensitive X-ray absorption spectra with an STM tip to enhance the spatial resolution, the elemental distribution on an HEA's surface at a sub-nm scale is extracted. These results open a pathway towards quantitatively understanding high entropy materials and their material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kim
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - William R Scougale
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Nozomi Shirato
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sarah Wieghold
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - TeYu Chien
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Center for Quantum Information Science & Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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2
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Huang Z, Han X, Zhao Z, Yang H, Chen H, Gao HJ. Formation and Manipulation of Diatomic Rotors at the Symmetry-Breaking Surfaces of a Kagome Superconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6023-6030. [PMID: 38739284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Construction of diatomic rotors, which is crucial for artificial nanomachines, remains challenging due to surface constraints and limited chemical design. Here we report the construction of diatomic Cr-Cs and Fe-Cs rotors where a Cr or Fe atom switches around a Cs atom at the Sb surface of the newly discovered kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5. The switching rate is controlled by the bias voltage between the rotor and scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip. The spatial distribution of rates exhibits C2 symmetry, possibly linked to the symmetry-breaking charge orders of CsV3Sb5. We have expanded the rotor construction to include different transition metals (Cr, Fe, V) and alkali metals (Cs, K). Remarkably, designed configurations of rotors are achieved through STM manipulation. Rotor orbits and quantum states are precisely controlled by tuning the inter-rotor distance. Our findings establish a novel platform for the controlled fabrication of atomic motors on symmetry-breaking quantum materials, paving the way for advanced nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xianghe Han
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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3
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Trainer D, Lee AT, Sarkar S, Singh V, Cheng X, Dandu NK, Latt KZ, Wang S, Ajayi TM, Premarathna S, Facemyer D, Curtiss LA, Ulloa SE, Ngo AT, Masson E, Hla SW. 2D Ionic Liquid-Like State of Charged Rare-Earth Clusters on a Metal Surface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308813. [PMID: 38268161 PMCID: PMC10987101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth complexes are vital for separation chemistry and useful in many advanced applications including emission and energy upconversion. Here, 2D rare-earth clusters having net charges are formed on a metal surface, enabling investigations of their structural and electronic properties on a one-cluster-at-a-time basis using scanning tunneling microscopy. While these ionic complexes are highly mobile on the surface at ≈100 K, their mobility is greatly reduced at 5 K and reveals stable and self-limiting clusters. In each cluster, a pair of charged rare-earth complexes formed by electrostatic and dispersive interactions act as a basic unit, and the clusters are chiral. Unlike other non-ionic molecular clusters formed on the surfaces, these rare-earth clusters show mechanical stability. Moreover, their high mobility on the surface suggests that they are in a 2D liquid-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trainer
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Alex Taekyung Lee
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60608USA
- Materials Science DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Sanjoy Sarkar
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60608USA
- Materials Science DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Present address:
Department of PhysicsGITAM School of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka561203India
| | - Xinyue Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Naveen K. Dandu
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60608USA
- Materials Science DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Kyaw Zin Latt
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Shaoze Wang
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Tolulope Michael Ajayi
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Sineth Premarathna
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - David Facemyer
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Materials Science DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Sergio E. Ulloa
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Anh T. Ngo
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60608USA
- Materials Science DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Saw Wai Hla
- Nanoscience and Technology DivisionArgonne National laboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Instituteand Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
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4
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Hafner A, Costa L, Kourousias G, Bonanni V, Žižić M, Stolfa A, Bazi B, Vincze L, Gianoncelli A. An innovative in situ AFM system for a soft X-ray spectromicroscopy synchrotron beamline. Analyst 2024; 149:700-706. [PMID: 38054815 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01358h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging and spectroscopy like concurrent scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are highly desirable as they allow retrieving complementary information. This paper reports on the design, development, integration and field testing of a novel in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) instrument for operation under high vacuum in a synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy STXM-XRF end-station. A combination of μXRF and AFM is demonstrated for the first time in the soft X-ray regime, with an outlook for the full XRF-STXM-AFM combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Hafner
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Costa
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048 - UM - INSERM U 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Milan Žižić
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Andrea Stolfa
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Benjamin Bazi
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Zhou WL, Lin W, Chen Y, Dai XY, Liu Y. Tunable Multicolor Lanthanide Supramolecular Assemblies with White Light Emission Confined by Cucurbituril[7]. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304009. [PMID: 37442787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic confinement-induced supramolecular luminescence materials have important application value in the fields of bio-sensing, cell imaging, and information anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a tunable multicolor lanthanide supramolecular assembly with white light emission is reported, which is constructed by co-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) encapsulating naphthylimidazolium dicarboxylic acid (G1 )/Ln (Eu3+ /Tb3+ ) complex and carbon quantum dots (CD). Benefiting from the macrocyclic confinement effect of CB[7], the supramolecular assembly not only extends the fluorescence intensity of the lanthanide complex G1 /Tb3+ by 36 times, but also increases the quantum yield by 28 times and the fluorescence lifetime by 12 times. Furthermore, the CB[7]/G1 /Ln assembly can further co-assemble with CD and diarylethene derivatives (DAE) to realize the intelligently-regulated full-color spectrum including white light, which results from the competitive encapsulation of adamantylamine and CB[7], the change of pH, and photochromic DAE. The multi-level logic gate based on lanthanide supramolecular assembly is successfully applied in anti-counterfeiting system and information storage, providing an effective method for the research of new luminescent intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Innovation Team of Optical Functional Molecular Devices, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Yin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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6
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Wieghold S, Shirato N, Cheng X, Latt KZ, Trainer D, Sottie R, Rosenmann D, Masson E, Rose V, Wai Hla S. X-ray Spectroscopy of a Rare-Earth Molecular System Measured at the Single Atom Limit at Room Temperature. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:20064-20071. [PMID: 37850084 PMCID: PMC10577675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the limit of X-ray detection at room temperature on rare-earth molecular films using lanthanum and a pyridine-based dicarboxamide organic linker as a model system. Synchrotron X-ray scanning tunneling microscopy is used to probe the molecules with different coverages on a HOPG substrate. X-ray-induced photocurrent intensities are measured as a function of molecular coverage on the sample, allowing a correlation of the amount of La ions with the photocurrent signal strength. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows cogent M4,5 absorption edges of the lanthanum ion originated by the transitions from the 3d3/2 and 3d5/2 to 4f orbitals. X-ray absorption spectra measured in the tunneling regime further reveal an X-ray excited tunneling current produced at the M4,5 absorption edge of the La ion down to the ultimate atomic limit at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wieghold
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nozomi Shirato
- Nanoscience
& Technology Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xinyue Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Kyaw Zin Latt
- Nanoscience
& Technology Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel Trainer
- Nanoscience
& Technology Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard Sottie
- Nanoscale
& Quantum Phenomena Institute, and Department of Physics &
Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Daniel Rosenmann
- Nanoscience
& Technology Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Eric Masson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Volker Rose
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Saw Wai Hla
- Nanoscience
& Technology Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Nanoscale
& Quantum Phenomena Institute, and Department of Physics &
Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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7
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Zhou WL, Dai XY, Lin W, Chen Y, Liu Y. A pillar[5]arene noncovalent assembly boosts a full-color lanthanide supramolecular light switch. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6457-6466. [PMID: 37325139 PMCID: PMC10266474 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A photo-responsive full-color lanthanide supramolecular switch was constructed from a synthetic 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (DPA)-modified pillar[5]arene (H) complexing with lanthanide ion (Ln3+ = Tb3+ and Eu3+) and dicationic diarylethene derivative (G1) through a noncovalent supramolecular assembly. Benefiting from the strong complexation between DPA and Ln3+ with a 3 : 1 stoichiometric ratio, the supramolecular complex H/Ln3+ presented an emerging lanthanide emission in the aqueous and organic phase. Subsequently, a network supramolecular polymer was formed by H/Ln3+ further encapsulating dicationic G1via the hydrophobic cavity of pillar[5]arene, which greatly contributed to the increased emission intensity and lifetime, and also resulted in the formation of a lanthanide supramolecular light switch. Moreover, full-color luminescence, especially white light emission, was achieved in aqueous (CIE: 0.31, 0.32) and dichloromethane (CIE: 0.31, 0.33) solutions by the adjustment of different ratios of Tb3+ and Eu3+. Notably, the photo-reversible luminescence properties of the assembly were tuned via alternant UV/vis light irradiation due to the conformation-dependent photochromic energy transfer between the lanthanide and the open/closed-ring of diarylethene. Ultimately, the prepared lanthanide supramolecular switch was successfully applied to anti-counterfeiting through the use of intelligent multicolored writing inks, and presents new opportunities for the design of advanced stimuli-responsive on-demand color tuning with lanthanide luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Innovation Team of Optical Functional Molecular Devices, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 P. R. China
| | - Xian-Yin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian 271016 China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University China
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