1
|
Yin V, Deslignière E, Mokiem N, Gazi I, Lood R, de Haas CJC, Rooijakkers SHM, Heck AJR. Not All Arms of IgM Are Equal: Following Hinge-Directed Cleavage by Online Native SEC-Orbitrap-Based CDMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1320-1329. [PMID: 38767111 PMCID: PMC11157650 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins M (IgM) are key natural antibodies produced initially in humoral immune response. Due to their large molecular weights and extensive glycosylation loads, IgMs represent a challenging target for conventional mass analysis. Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) may provide a unique approach to tackle heterogeneous IgM assemblies, although this technique can be quite laborious and technically challenging. Here, we describe the use of online size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to automate buffer exchange and sample introduction, and demonstrate its adaptability with Orbitrap-based CDMS. We discuss optimal experimental parameters for online SEC-CDMS experiments, including ion activation, choice of column, and resolution. Using this approach, CDMS histograms containing hundreds of individual ion signals can be obtained in as little as 5 min from single injections of <1 μg of sample. To demonstrate the unique utility of online SEC-CDMS, we performed real-time kinetic monitoring of pentameric IgM digestion by the protease IgMBRAZOR, which cleaves specifically in the hinge region of IgM. Several digestion intermediates corresponding to processive losses of F(ab')2 subunits could be mass-resolved and identified by SEC-CDMS. Interestingly, we find that for the J-chain linked IgM pentamer, cleavage of one of the F(ab')2 subunits is much slower than the other four F(ab')2 subunits, which we attribute to the symmetry-breaking interactions of the J-chain within the pentameric IgM structure. The online SEC-CDMS methodologies described here open new avenues into the higher throughput automated analysis of heterogeneous, high-mass protein assemblies by CDMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yin
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evolène Deslignière
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Mokiem
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Gazi
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Lood
- Genovis
AB, Scheelevägen
2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers J, Bajur AT, Salaita K, Spillane KM. Mechanical control of antigen detection and discrimination by T and B cell receptors. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00347-3. [PMID: 38794795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is orchestrated by just two cell types, T cells and B cells. Both cells possess the remarkable ability to recognize virtually any antigen through their respective antigen receptors-the T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR). Despite extensive investigations into the biochemical signaling events triggered by antigen recognition in these cells, our ability to predict or control the outcome of T and B cell activation remains elusive. This challenge is compounded by the sensitivity of T and B cells to the biophysical properties of antigens and the cells presenting them-a phenomenon we are just beginning to understand. Recent insights underscore the central role of mechanical forces in this process, governing the conformation, signaling activity, and spatial organization of TCRs and BCRs within the cell membrane, ultimately eliciting distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, T cells and B cells have been studied independently, with researchers working in parallel to decipher the mechanisms of activation. While these investigations have unveiled many overlaps in how these cell types sense and respond to antigens, notable differences exist. To fully grasp their biology and harness it for therapeutic purposes, these distinctions must be considered. This review compares and contrasts the TCR and BCR, placing emphasis on the role of mechanical force in regulating the activity of both receptors to shape cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhordan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna T Bajur
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Katelyn M Spillane
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
John MM, Hunjadi M, Hawlin V, Reiser JB, Kunert R. Interaction Studies of Hexameric and Pentameric IgMs with Serum-Derived C1q and Recombinant C1q Mimetics. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 38792658 PMCID: PMC11123335 DOI: 10.3390/life14050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between IgM and C1q represents the first step of the classical pathway of the complement system in higher vertebrates. To identify the significance of particular IgM/C1q interactions, recombinant IgMs were used in both hexameric and pentameric configurations and with two different specificities, along with C1q derived from human serum (sC1q) and two recombinant single-chain variants of the trimeric globular region of C1q. Interaction and complement activation assays were performed using the ELISA format, and bio-layer interferometry measurements to study kinetic behavior. The differences between hexameric and pentameric IgM conformations were only slightly visible in the interaction assay, but significant in the complement activation assay. Hexameric IgM requires a lower concentration of sC1q to activate the complement compared to pentameric IgM, leading to an increased release of C4 compared to pentameric IgM. The recombinant C1q mimetics competed with sC1q in interaction assays and were able to inhibit complement activation. The bio-layer interferometry measurements revealed KD values in the nanomolar range for the IgM/C1q interaction, while the C1q mimetics exhibited rapid on and off binding rates with the IgMs. Our results make C1q mimetics valuable tools for developing recombinant C1q, specifically its variants, for further scientific studies and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena John
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Vanessa Hawlin
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Reiser
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Renate Kunert
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Xiao J. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of immunoglobulin A. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38329005 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the human immune system, particularly in mucosal immunity. IgA antibodies that target the mucosal surface are made up of two to five IgA monomers linked together by the joining chain, forming polymeric molecules. These IgA polymers are transported across mucosal epithelial cells by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor pIgR, resulting in the formation of secretory IgA (SIgA). This review aims to explore recent advancements in our molecular understanding of IgA, with a specific focus on SIgA, and the interaction between IgA and pathogen molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo D, De Sciscio ML, Chi-Fung Ng J, Fraternali F. Modelling the assembly and flexibility of antibody structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 84:102757. [PMID: 38118364 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are large protein assemblies capable of both specifically recognising antigens and engaging with other proteins and receptors to coordinate immune action. Traditionally, structural studies have been dedicated to antibody variable regions, but efforts to determine and model full-length antibody structures are emerging. Here we review the current knowledge on modelling the structures of antibody assemblies, focusing on their conformational flexibility and the challenge this poses to obtaining and evaluating structural models. Integrative modelling approaches, combining experiments (cryo-electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, etc.) and computational methods (molecular dynamics simulations, deep-learning based approaches, etc.), hold the promise to map the complex conformational landscape of full-length antibody structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Guo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Laura De Sciscio
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Joseph Chi-Fung Ng
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oskam N, den Boer MA, Lukassen MV, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Veth TS, van Mierlo G, Lai SH, Derksen NIL, Yin V, Streutker M, Franc V, Šiborová M, Damen MJA, Kos D, Barendregt A, Bondt A, van Goudoever JB, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, Muts RM, Rooijakkers SHM, Vidarsson G, Rispens T, Heck AJR. CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311265120. [PMID: 38055740 PMCID: PMC10723121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311265120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an evolutionary conserved key component of humoral immunity, and the first antibody isotype to emerge during an immune response. IgM is a large (1 MDa), multimeric protein, for which both hexameric and pentameric structures have been described, the latter additionally containing a joining (J) chain. Using a combination of single-particle mass spectrometry and mass photometry, proteomics, and immunochemical assays, we here demonstrate that circulatory (serum) IgM exclusively exists as a complex of J-chain-containing pentamers covalently bound to the small (36 kDa) protein CD5 antigen-like (CD5L, also called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage). In sharp contrast, secretory IgM in saliva and milk is principally devoid of CD5L. Unlike IgM itself, CD5L is not produced by B cells, implying that it associates with IgM in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that CD5L integration has functional implications, i.e., it diminishes IgM binding to two of its receptors, the FcαµR and the polymeric Immunoglobulin receptor. On the other hand, binding to FcµR as well as complement activation via C1q seem unaffected by CD5L integration. Taken together, we redefine the composition of circulatory IgM as a J-chain containing pentamer, always in complex with CD5L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Oskam
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marie V. Lukassen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Szu-Hsueh Lai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Yin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marij Streutker
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Šiborová
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. A. Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Kos
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Barendregt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Remy M. Muts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aiassa LV, Battaglia G, Rizzello L. The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041306. [PMID: 38505426 PMCID: PMC10914136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in our immune system, preserving tissue health and defending against harmful pathogens. This article examines the diversity of macrophages influenced by tissue-specific functions and developmental origins, both in normal and disease conditions. Understanding the spectrum of macrophage activation states, especially in pathological situations where they contribute significantly to disease progression, is essential to develop targeted therapies effectively. These states are characterized by unique receptor compositions and phenotypes, but they share commonalities. Traditional drugs that target individual entities are often insufficient. A promising approach involves using multivalent systems adorned with multiple ligands to selectively target specific macrophage populations based on their phenotype. Achieving this requires constructing supramolecular structures, typically at the nanoscale. This review explores the theoretical foundation of engineered multivalent nanosystems, dissecting the key parameters governing specific interactions. The goal is to design targeting systems based on distinct cell phenotypes, providing a pragmatic approach to navigating macrophage heterogeneity's complexities for more effective therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lyu M, Malyutin AG, Stadtmueller BM. The structure of the teleost Immunoglobulin M core provides insights on polymeric antibody evolution, assembly, and function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7583. [PMID: 37989996 PMCID: PMC10663602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric (p) immunoglobulins (Igs) serve broad functions during vertebrate immune responses. Typically, pIgs contain between two and six Ig monomers, each with two antigen binding fragments and one fragment crystallization (Fc). In addition, many pIgs assemble with a joining-chain (JC); however, the number of monomers and potential to include JC vary with species and heavy chain class. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of IgM from a teleost (t) species, which does not encode JC. The structure reveals four tIgM Fcs linked through eight C-terminal tailpieces (Tps), which adopt a single β-sandwich-like domain (Tp assembly) located between two Fcs. Specifically, two of eight heavy chains fold uniquely, resulting in a structure distinct from mammalian IgM, which typically contains five IgM monomers, one JC and a centrally-located Tp assembly. Together with mutational analysis, structural data indicate that pIgs have evolved a range of assembly mechanisms and structures, each likely to support unique antibody effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrey G Malyutin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Beth M Stadtmueller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lyu M, Malyutin AG, Stadtmueller BM. The structure of the teleost Immunoglobulin M core provides insights on polymeric antibody evolution, assembly, and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534771. [PMID: 37034677 PMCID: PMC10081254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric (p) immunoglobulins (Igs) serve broad functions during vertebrate immune responses. Typically, pIgs contain between two and six Ig monomers, each with two antigen binding fragments and one fragment crystallization (Fc). In addition, many pIgs assemble with a joining-chain (JC); however, the number of monomers and potential to include JC varies with species and heavy chain class. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of IgM from a teleost (t) species, which does not encode JC. The structure revealed four tIgM Fcs linked through eight C-terminal tailpieces (Tps), which adopt a single β-sandwich-like domain (Tp assembly) located between two Fcs. Remarkably, two of eight heavy chains fold uniquely, resulting in a structure distinct from mammalian IgM, which typically contains five IgM monomers, one JC and a centrally-located Tp assembly. Together with mutational analysis, structural data indicate that pIgs have evolved a range of assembly mechanisms and structures, each likely to support unique antibody effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Andrey G. Malyutin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Present address, Takeda Development Center Americas, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Beth M. Stadtmueller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Menke AJ, Mellberg JM, Pan H, Reibenspies JH, Janesko BG, Simanek EE. Controlling Swing Rates in Macrocyclic Molecular Mortise Hinges. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300987. [PMID: 37229593 PMCID: PMC10524934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hinge motion is observed in macrocyclic, mortise-type molecular hinges using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The data is consistent with dynamic hinging from a folded-to-extended-to-folded enantiomeric state. Crystallographic and solution structures of the folded states are reported. Chemical shift predictions derived from crystallographic data corroborate fully revolute hinge motion. The rate of hinging is affected by steric congestion at the hinge axis. A macrocycle containing glycine, 1, hinges faster than one comprising aminoisobutyric acid, 2. The free energies of activation, ΔG≠ , for 1 and 2 were determined to be 13.3±0.3 kcal/mol and 16.3±0.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This barrier is largely independent of solvent across those surveyed (CD3 OD, CD3 CN, DMSO-d6 , pyridine-d5 , D2 O). Experiment and computation predict energy barriers that are consistent with disruption of an intramolecular network of hydrogen bonds. DFT calculations reveal a pathway for hinge motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Menke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Joseph M Mellberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Hongjun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | | | - Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rice MT, Gully BS. The clarifying lens of cryo-electron microscopy in immunoglobulin M biology. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:584-586. [PMID: 37221908 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss recent advances into the structural analyses of immunoglobulin M complexes, which are enabling comprehensive characterization of these enigmatic antibodies, to reveal central tenets of immunoglobulin M immunobiology and inform their immunotherapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Rice
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sutton BJ. Multi-faceted immunoglobulin M meets its elusive receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023:10.1038/s41594-023-01030-7. [PMID: 37433905 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ji C, Shen H, Su C, Li Y, Chen S, Sharp TH, Xiao J. Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack human immunoglobulin M. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2650. [PMID: 37156765 PMCID: PMC10167334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria in humans. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) serves as the first line of humoral defense against infection and potently activates the complement pathway to facilitate P. falciparum clearance. A number of P. falciparum proteins bind IgM, leading to immune evasion and severe disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, we delineate how P. falciparum proteins VAR2CSA, TM284VAR1, DBLMSP, and DBLMSP2 target IgM. Each protein binds IgM in a different manner, and together they present a variety of Duffy-binding-like domain-IgM interaction modes. We further show that these proteins interfere directly with IgM-mediated complement activation in vitro, with VAR2CSA exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. These results underscore the importance of IgM for human adaptation of P. falciparum and provide critical insights into its immune evasion mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, PR China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Q, Menon RP, Masino L, Tolar P, Rosenthal PB. Structural basis for Fc receptor recognition of immunoglobulin M. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023:10.1038/s41594-023-00985-x. [PMID: 37095205 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin Fc receptors are cell surface transmembrane proteins that bind to the Fc constant region of antibodies and play critical roles in regulating immune responses by activation of immune cells, clearance of immune complexes and regulation of antibody production. FcμR is the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody isotype-specific Fc receptor involved in the survival and activation of B cells. Here we reveal eight binding sites for the human FcμR immunoglobulin domain on the IgM pentamer by cryogenic electron microscopy. One of the sites overlaps with the binding site for the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), but a different mode of FcμR binding explains its antibody isotype specificity. Variation in FcμR binding sites and their occupancy reflects the asymmetry of the IgM pentameric core and the versatility of FcμR binding. The complex explains engagement with polymeric serum IgM and the monomeric IgM B-cell receptor (BCR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rajesh P Menon
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Laura Masino
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter B Rosenthal
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cui Z, Zhao H, Chen X. Molecular and functional characterization of two IgM subclasses in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108581. [PMID: 36754157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the predominant immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype, IgM plays a crucial role in the acquired immunity of vertebrates. There is only one Igμ gene in mammals, except cattle, while the number of Igμ gene varies among teleost fish. In the current study, we found two functional Igμ genes (Igμ1 and Igμ2) and a pseudo Cμ gene (ψIgμ) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Both Igμ1 and Igμ2 genes possessed two transcript variants, which encoded the heavy chains of secreted (sIgM1 and sIgM2) and membrane-bound IgM1 and IgM2 (mIgM1 and mIgM2), respectively. Both the heavy chains of sIgM1 and sIgM2 consisted of a variable Ig domain, four constant Ig domains (CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4) and a secretory tail, while those of mIgM1 and mIgM2 consisted of a variable Ig domain, three constant Ig domains (CH1, CH2 and CH3), a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. Cysteine residues that are necessary for the formation of intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds and tryptophan residues that are important for the folding of the Ig superfamily domain were well conserved in large yellow croaker IgM1 and IgM2. Interestingly, large yellow croaker IgM2 had an extra cysteine (C94) in the CH1 domain compared with IgM1, which may cause the structural difference between IgM1 and IgM2. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that both IgM1 and IgM2 were present at the protein level in large yellow croaker serum. Both the Igμ1 and Igμ2 genes were mainly expressed in systemic immune tissues, such as head kidney and spleen, but the expression level of Igμ2 was much lower than that of Igμ1. After Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection, the expression levels of Igμ1 and Igμ2 in both the spleen and head kidney were significantly upregulated, with a higher upregulation of Igμ2 than that of Igμ1. These results suggested that Igμ1 and Igμ2 may play a differential role in the immune response of large yellow croaker against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han F, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Huang Z. Antigen receptor structure and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 157:1-28. [PMID: 37061286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The key to mounting an immune response is that the host cells must be coordinated to generate an appropriate immune response against the pathogenic invaders. Antigen receptors recognize specific molecular structures and recruit adaptors through their effector domains, triggering trans-membrane transduction signaling pathway to exert immune response. The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are the primary determinant of immune responses to antigens. Their structure determines the mode of signaling and signal transduction determines cell fate, leading to changes at the molecular and cellular level. Studies of antigen receptor structure and signaling revealed the basis of immune response triggering, providing clues to antigen receptor priming and a foundation for the rational design of immunotherapies. In recent years, the increased research on the structure of antigen receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of immune response, different immune-related diseases and even tumors. In this review, we describe in detail the current view and advances of the antigen structure and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|