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Zhu W, Wu B, Lei Z, Wu P. Piezoionic Elastomers by Phase and Interface Engineering for High-Performance Energy-Harvesting Ionotronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313127. [PMID: 38275214 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Piezoionic materials play a pivotal role in energy-harvesting ionotronics. However, a persistent challenge lies in balancing the structural requirements for voltage generation, current conduction, and mechanical adaptability. The conventional approach of employing crystalline heterostructures for stress concentration and localized charge separation, while effective for voltage generation, often compromises the stretchability and long-range charge transport found in homogeneous quasisolid states. Herein, phase and interface engineering strategy is introduced to address this dilemma and a piezoionic elastomer is presented that seamlessly integrates ionic liquids and ionic plastic crystals, forming a finely tuned microphase-separated structure with an intermediate phase. This approach promotes charge separation via stress concentration among hard phases while leveraging the high ionic charge mobility in soft and intermediate phases. Impressively, the elastomer achieves an extraordinary piezoionic coefficient of about 6.0 mV kPa-1, a more than threefold improvement over current hydrogels and ionogels. The resulting power density of 1.3 µW cm-3 sets a new benchmark, exceeding that of state-of-the-art piezoionic gels. Notably, this elastomer combines outstanding stretchability, remarkable toughness, and rapid self-healing capability, underscoring its potential for real-world applications. This work may represent a stride toward mechanically robust energy harvesting systems and provide insights into ionotronic systems for human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhouyue Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Wang Z, Dong S, Yuan W, Li J, Ma X, Liu F, Jiang X. Photo-Modulated Ionic Polymer as an Adaptable Electron Transport Material for Optically Switchable Pixel-Free Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309593. [PMID: 37967857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to electrically driven organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays that rely on complicated and costly circuits for switching individual pixel illumination, developing a facile approach that structures pixel-free light-emitting displays with exceptional precision and spatial resolution via external photo-modulation holds significant importance for advancing consumer electronics. Here, optically switchable organic light-emitting pixel-free displays (OSPFDs) are presented and fabricated by judiciously combining an adaptive photosensitive ionic polymer as electron transport materials (ETM) with external photo-modulation as the switching mode while ensuring superior illumination performance and seamless imaging capability. By irradiating the solution-processed OSPFDs with light at specific wavelengths, efficient and reversible tuning of both electron transport and electroluminescence is achieved simultaneously. This remarkable control is achieved by altering the energetic matching within OSPFDs, which also exhibits a high level of universality and adjustable flexibility in the three primary color-based light-emitting displays. Moreover, the ease of creating and erasing desired pixel-free emitting patterns through a non-invasive photopatterning process within a single OSPFD is demonstrated, thereby rendering this approach promising for commercial displaying devices and highly precise pixelated illuminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Dong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Fan J, Wu W, Liu Y, Ji B, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Mao Z. Customizable High-Contrast Optical Responses: Dual Photosensitive Colors for Smart Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54085-54097. [PMID: 37939228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles demonstrating optical responses to external light stimuli hold great promise as functional materials with a wide range of applications in personalized decoration and information visualization. The incorporation of high-contrast, vivid, and real-time optical signals, such as color change or fluorescence emission, to indicate light on/off states is both crucial and challenging. In this study, we have developed a dual output photosensitive dye system possessing photochromic and photofluorescent properties, which was successfully applied to the dyeing and finishing processes of cotton fabrics. The design and fabrication of this dye system were based on the unique photoinduced proton transfer (PPT) principle exhibited by the water-soluble spiropyran (trans-MCH) molecule. The dual output response relies on the open-/closed-loop mechanism, wherein light regulates the trans-MCH molecule. Upon excitation by UV or visible light, the dye system and dyed fabrics display significant color changes and fluorescence switching in a real-time and highly reversible manner. Moreover, diverse photosensitive color systems can be tailored by direct blending with commercially available water-soluble dyes. By integrating high-contrast dual optical outputs into this scalable, versatile, and reversible dye system, we envisage the development and design of smart textiles capable of producing high-end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bolin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian City 271000, Shandong, China
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Li C, Liu J, Qiu X, Yang X, Huang X, Zhang X. Photoswitchable and Reversible Fluorescent Eutectogels for Conformal Information Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313971. [PMID: 37792427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Smart fluorescent materials that can respond to environmental stimuli are of great importance in the fields of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. However, traditional fluorescent materials usually face problems such as lack of tunable fluorescence and insufficient surface-adaptive adhesion, hindering their practical applications. Herein, inspired by the glowing sucker octopus, we present a novel strategy to fabricate a reversible fluorescent eutectogel with high transparency, adhesive and self-healing performance for conformal information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Using anthracene as luminescent unit, the eutectogel exhibits photoswitchable fluorescence and can therefore be reversibly written/erased with patterns by non-contact stimulation. Additionally, different from mechanically irreversible adhesion via glue, the eutectogel can adhere to various irregular substrates over a wide temperature range (-20 to 65 °C) and conformally deform more than 1000 times without peeling off. Furthermore, by exploiting surface-adaptive adhesion, high transparency and good stretchability of the eutectogel, dual encryption can be achieved under UV and stretching conditions to further improve the security level. This study should provide a promising strategy for the future development of advanced intelligent anti-counterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jize Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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