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Yang J, Han X, Feng X. Rapid synthesis of aminal-linked covalent organic frameworks for CO 2/CH 4 separation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21151-21157. [PMID: 38966812 PMCID: PMC11223515 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As an emerging category of crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are primarily synthesized via solvothermal methods. However, achieving rapid synthesis of COFs through this approach poses a significant challenge. To address the issue of slow synthesis, we studied the crystallization process of aminal-linked COFs via the condensation of a cost-effective aldehyde and secondary amine, and successfully expedited the synthesis of COFs within a one-hour duration. Furthermore, gram-scale aminal-linked COFs with abundant ultra-microporous channels demonstrated promising potential for CO2/CH4 separation. This study enables the rapid synthesis of aminal-linked COFs from cheap raw materials, which lays a foundation for their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xianghao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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2
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Zhang G, Zhang J, Tao Y, Gan F, Lin G, Liang J, Shen C, Zhang Y, Qiu H. Facile fabrication of recyclable robust noncovalent porous crystals from low-symmetry helicene derivative. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5469. [PMID: 38937477 PMCID: PMC11211482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Porous frameworks constructed via noncovalent interactions show wide potential in molecular separation and gas adsorption. However, it remains a major challenge to prepare these materials from low-symmetry molecular building blocks. Herein, we report a facile strategy to fabricate noncovalent porous crystals through modular self-assembly of a low-symmetry helicene racemate. The P and M enantiomers in the racemate first stack into right- and left-handed triangular prisms, respectively, and subsequently the two types of prisms alternatively stack together into a hexagonal network with one-dimensional channels with a diameter of 14.5 Å. Remarkably, the framework reveals high stability upon heating to 275 °C, majorly due to the abundant π-interactions between the complementarily engaged helicene building blocks. Such porous framework can be readily prepared by fast rotary evaporation, and is easy to recycle and repeatedly reform. The refined porous structure and enriched π-conjugation also favor the selective adsorption of a series of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Resolution Electron Microscopy, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Geyu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuebiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Resolution Electron Microscopy, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Auras F, Ascherl L, Bon V, Vornholt SM, Krause S, Döblinger M, Bessinger D, Reuter S, Chapman KW, Kaskel S, Friend RH, Bein T. Dynamic two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8. [PMID: 38702406 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable the realization of functional materials with molecular precision. Past research has typically focused on generating rigid frameworks where structural and optoelectronic properties are static. Here we report dynamic two-dimensional (2D) COFs that can open and close their pores upon uptake or removal of guests while retaining their crystalline long-range order. Constructing dynamic, yet crystalline and robust frameworks requires a well-controlled degree of flexibility. We have achieved this through a 'wine rack' design where rigid π-stacked columns of perylene diimides are interconnected by non-stacked, flexible bridges. The resulting COFs show stepwise phase transformations between their respective contracted-pore and open-pore conformations with up to 40% increase in unit-cell volume. This variable geometry provides a handle for introducing stimuli-responsive optoelectronic properties. We illustrate this by demonstrating switchable optical absorption and emission characteristics, which approximate 'null-aggregates' with monomer-like behaviour in the contracted COFs. This work provides a design strategy for dynamic 2D COFs that are potentially useful for realizing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Laura Ascherl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Reuter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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4
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Guo Z, Zhang Z, Sun J. Topological Analysis and Structural Determination of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312889. [PMID: 38290005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
3D covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) constitute a new type of crystalline materials that consist of a range of porous structures with numerous applications in the fields of adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, because of the complexity of the three-periodic net structure, it is desirable to develop a thorough structural comprehension, along with a means to precisely determine the actual structure. Indeed, such advancements would considerably contribute to the rational design and application of 3D COFs. In this review, the reported topologies of 3D COFs are introduced and categorized according to the configurations of their building blocks, and a comprehensive overview of diffraction-based structural determination methods is provided. The current challenges and future prospects for these materials will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi'ang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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5
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Huang W, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Design, Synthesis to Applications in Optoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308019. [PMID: 38057125 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of crystalline materials connected by covalent bonds, have been developed rapidly in the past decades. However, the research on COFs is mainly focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, and the research on three-dimensional (3D) COFs is still in the initial stage. In 2D COFs, the covalent bonds exist only in the 2D flakes and can form 1D channels, which hinder the charge transport to some extent. In contrast, 3D COFs have a more complex pore structure and thus exhibit higher specific surface area and richer active sites, which greatly enhance the 3D charge carrier transport. Therefore, compared to 2D COFs, 3D COFs have stronger applicability in energy storage and conversion, sensing, and optoelectronics. In this review, it is first introduced the design principles for 3D COFs, and in particular summarize the development of conjugated building blocks in 3D COFs, with a special focus on their application in optoelectronics. Subsequently, the preparation of 3D COF powders and thin films and methods to improve the stability and functionalization of 3D COFs are summarized. Moreover, the applications of 3D COFs in electronics are outlined. Finally, conclusions and future research directions for 3D COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Ran XQ, Yang C, Qian HL, Yan XP. Size-Dependent Deformation and Competition H-Bond Site-Induced Individual Fluorescence Response of a Single-Crystal Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5608-5614. [PMID: 38534147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the individual fluorescence response mechanism of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) at a single-crystal level is of great significance for the rational design of COF-based microsensors but unreachable because all previous COF-based sensors are performed with average fluorescence response behavior of various sized polycrystalline COFs. Herein, we design to explore the fluorescence response of a monodisperse single-crystal COF and further reveal the individual heterogeneity of the response mechanism. Three-dimensional single-crystal COF-301 (SCOF-301) with an intramolecular H-bond-induced excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer effect is selected as a proof-of-concept SCOF. With ethanol, benzene, and ammonia as model analytes, three different deformation and competition H-bond site-induced fluorescence response mechanisms related to crystal size are revealed. Small single particles of SCOF-301 (SSCOF-301) exhibit a more flexible structure, leading to the dominant role of deformation in the fluorescence response of small-sized SSCOF-301. The decreasing flexibility of SSCOF-301 with the increase of crystal size results in involvement of competition of the H-bond site to the fluorescence response besides deformation. Further increase of the crystal size makes the large-sized SSCOF-301 difficult to deform; thus, the competition of the H-bond site dominates the fluorescence response. This work provides a deep understanding of the individual fluorescence response mechanism of COFs to guide the design of a functional COF sensor with suitable size and mechanism for different structural analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu-Qin Ran
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Su LH, Qian HL, Yang C, Wang C, Wang Z, Yan XP. Integrating molecular imprinting into flexible covalent organic frameworks for selective recognition and efficient extraction of aflatoxins. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133755. [PMID: 38359765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising adsorbents for extraction, but their selectivity for molecular recognition remains a challenging issue due to the very limited structural design with rigid structure. Herein, we report an elegant strategy for the design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted flexible COFs (MI-FCOFs) via one-pot reaction between the flexible building block of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)- 1,3,5-triazine and linear 4-phenylenediamine for selective extraction of aflatoxins. The flexible chain structure enabled the developed MI-FCOF to adjust the shape and conformation of frameworks to suit the template molecule, giving high selectivity for aflatoxins recognition. Moreover, MI-FCOF with abundant imprinted sites and function groups exhibited an exceptional adsorption capacity of 258.4 mg g-1 for dummy template which is 3 times that of no-imprinted FCOF (NI-FCOF). Coupling MI-FCOF based solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography gave low detection limits of 0.003-0.09 ng mL-1 and good precision with relative standard deviations ≤ 6.7% for the determination of aflatoxins. Recoveries for the spiked rice, corn, wheat and peanut samples were in the range of 85.4%- 105.4%. The high selectivity of the developed MI-FCOF allows matrix-free determination of AFTs in food samples. This work offers a new way to the design of MI-FCOF for selective molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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8
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Wu X, Zhang S, Xu X, Wen F, Wang H, Chen H, Fan X, Huang N. Lithiophilic Covalent Organic Framework as Anode Coating for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319355. [PMID: 38227349 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The growth of disorganized lithium dendrites and weak solid electrolyte interphase greatly impede the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new kind of stable polyimide covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which have a high density of well-aligned lithiophilic quinoxaline and phthalimide units anchored within the uniform one-dimensional channels. The COFs can serve as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anode, effectively guiding the uniform deposition of lithium ions and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. The unsymmetrical Li||COF-Cu battery exhibits a Coulombic efficiency of 99 % at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 , which can be well retained up to 400 cycles. Meanwhile, the Li-COF||LFP full cell shows a Coulombic efficiency over 99 % at a charge of 0.3 C. And its capacity can be well maintained up to 91 % even after 150 cycles. Therefore, the significant electrochemical cycling stability illustrates the feasibility of employing COFs in solving the disordered deposition of lithium ions in lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fuxiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Li M, Han B, Li S, Zhang Q, Zhang E, Gong L, Qi D, Wang K, Jiang J. Constructing 2D Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Framework with Enhanced Stability and Conductivity via Interlayer Hydrogen Bonding as Electrocatalyst for CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310147. [PMID: 38377273 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fabricating COFs-based electrocatalysts with high stability and conductivity still remains a great challenge. Herein, 2D polyimide-linked phthalocyanine COF (denoted as NiPc-OH-COF) is constructed via solvothermal reaction between tetraanhydrides of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato nickel(II) and 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol (DB) with other two analogous 2D COFs (denoted as NiPc-OMe-COF and NiPc-H-COF) synthesized for reference. In comparison with NiPc-OMe-COF and NiPc-H-COF, NiPc-OH-COF exhibits enhanced stability, particularly in strong NaOH solvent and high conductivity of 1.5 × 10-3 S m-1 due to the incorporation of additional strong interlayer hydrogen bonding interaction between the O-H of DB and the hydroxy "O" atom of DB in adjacent layers. This in turn endows the NiPc-OH-COF electrode with ultrahigh CO2 -to-CO faradaic efficiency (almost 100%) in a wide potential range from -0.7 to -1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a large partial CO current density of -39.2 mA cm-2 at -1.1 V versus RHE, and high turnover number as well as turnover frequency, amounting to 45 000 and 0.76 S-1 at -0.80 V versus RHE during 12 h lasting measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Senzhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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10
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Sun J, Wang X, Wang Q, Peng L, Liu Y, Wei D. Ultra-fast supercritically solvothermal polymerization for large single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:340-373. [PMID: 38001366 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline polymer materials, e.g., hyper-crosslinked polystyrene, conjugate microporous polymers and covalent organic frameworks, are used as catalyst carriers, organic electronic devices and molecular sieves. Their properties and applications are highly dependent on their crystallinity. An efficient polymerization strategy for the rapid preparation of highly or single-crystalline materials is beneficial not only to structure-property studies but also to practical applications. However, polymerization usually leads to the formation of amorphous or poorly crystalline products with small grain sizes. It has been a challenging task to efficiently and precisely assemble organic molecules into a single crystal through polymerization. To address this issue, we developed a supercritically solvothermal method that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as the reaction medium for polymerization. Sc-CO2 accelerates crystal growth due to its high diffusivity and low viscosity compared with traditional organic solvents. Six covalent organic frameworks with different topologies, linkages and crystal structures are synthesized by this method. The as-synthesized products feature polarized photoluminescence and second-harmonic generation, indicating their high-quality single-crystal nature. This method holds advantages such as rapid growth rate, high productivity, easy accessibility, industrial compatibility and environmental friendliness. In this protocol, we provide a step-by-step procedure including preparation of monomer dispersion, polymerization in sc-CO2, purification and characterization of the single crystals. By following this protocol, it takes 1-5 min to grow sub-mm-sized single crystals by polymerization. The procedure takes ~4 h from preparation of monomer dispersion and polymerization in sc-CO2 to purification and drying of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Zeng T, Ling Y, Jiang W, Yao X, Tao Y, Liu S, Liu H, Yang T, Wen W, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhang YB. Atomic observation and structural evolution of covalent organic framework rotamers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320237121. [PMID: 38252821 PMCID: PMC10835055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320237121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown concerted structural transformation and adaptive gas adsorption due to the conformational diversity of organic linkers. However, the isolation and observation of COF rotamers constitute undergoing challenges due to their comparable free energy and subtle rotational energy barrier. Here, we report the atomic-level observation and structural evolution of COF rotamers by cryo-3D electron diffraction and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Specifically, we optimize the crystallinity and morphology of COF-320 to manifest its coherent dynamic responses upon adaptive inclusion of guest molecules. We observe a significant crystal expansion of 29 vol% upon hydration and a giant swelling with volume change up to 78 vol% upon solvation. We record the structural evolution from a non-porous contracted phase to two narrow-pore intermediate phases and the fully opened expanded phase using n-butane as a stabilizing probe at ambient conditions. We uncover the rotational freedom of biphenylene giving rise to significant conformational changes on the diimine motifs from synclinal to syn-periplanar and anticlinal rotamers. We illustrate the 10-fold increment of pore volumes and 100% enhancement of methane uptake capacity of COF-320 at 100 bar and 298 K. The present findings shed light on the design of smarter organic porous materials to maximize host-guest interaction and boost gas uptake capacity through progressive structural transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yang Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yu Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Tieying Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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12
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Yuan M, Ma F, Chen L, Li B, Dai X, Shu J, He L, Chen J, Lin S, Xie G, Chai Z, Wang S. Hydrogen Isotope Effect Endows a Breakthrough in Photoluminescent Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1250-1256. [PMID: 38189233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) have emerged as indispensable candidates in various applications due to their greater tunable emitting properties and structural robustness compared to small molecule emitters. An unsolved issue in this area is developing highly luminescent LCOFs of which the nonradiative quenching pathways were suppressed as much as possible. Here, a robust aminal-linked COF (DD-COF) possessing perdeuterated light-emitting monomers was designed and synthesized. The solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of the DD-COF reaches 81%, significantly outcompeting all state-of-the-art LCOFs reported so far. The exceptional luminescent efficiency is attributed to the inhibition of different pathways of nonradiative decay, especially from bond vibrations where only substitution by a heavier isotope with a lower zero-point vibration frequency works. Furthermore, the prepared deuterated COF not only boosts higher photostability under UV irradiation but also enables superior fluorescence sensing performance for iodine detection compared to nondeuterated COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fuyin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shujing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Yue Y, Ji D, Liu Y, Wei D. Chemical Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302474. [PMID: 37843045 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline porous polymer composed of light elements through strong covalent bonds. COFs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique designable structures and excellent material properties. Currently, COFs have shown outstanding potential in various fields, including gas storage, pollutant removal, catalysis, adsorption, optoelectronics, and their research in the sensing field is also increasingly flourishing. In this review, we focus on COF-based sensors. Firstly, we elucidate the fundamental principles of COF-based sensors. Then, we present the primary application areas of COF-based sensors and their recent advancements, encompassing gas, ions, organic compounds, and biomolecules sensing. Finally, we discuss the future trends and challenges faced by COF-based sensors, outlining their promising prospects in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Daizong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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14
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Song X, Wang Y, Wang C, Gao X, Zhou Y, Chen B, Li P. Self-Healing Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Low-Concentration Ammonia Capture. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:627-634. [PMID: 38133431 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The self-healing behavior has been extensively used in intelligent sensing systems capable of molecular recognition. However, most rigid crystalline frameworks, once collapsed under external stimuli like pressure, heat, or vacuum, could hardly recover to their crystalline phases under ambient conditions. Here, we report the self-healing of a new microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework, FDU-HOF-3 (FDU = Fudan University), for ammonia (NH3) capture and compared it with the established mesoporous HOF-101. With the introduction of low-concentration NH3 into the pores, the HOFs became disordered but were then simply heated under a vacuum to return to their original crystalline states after NH3 removal. Close characterizations revealed that the repeatable self-healing behavior of these HOFs was achieved due to the COOH-NH3 acid-base interactions accompanied by the breaking and regeneration of complementary COOH-COOH hydrogen bonds. FDU-HOF-3 showed a record-capturing capability for low-concentration NH3 (8.13 mmol/g at 25 mbar) among all HOFs and displayed a quick photocurrent decrease after exposure to 250 ppm NH3 for less than 10 s. These self-healing HOFs were used to capture and release NH3 for over 10 cycles without any decrease in the adsorption capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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15
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Wang M, Zeng T, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Xi H, Zhang YB. Flexibility On-Demand: Multivariate 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1035-1041. [PMID: 38152052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic 3D covalent organic frameworks (dynaCOFs) have shown concerted structural transformation and responses upon adaptive guest adsorption. The multivariate (MTV) strategy incorporating multiple functionalities within a backbone is attractive for tuning the framework flexibility and dynamic responses. However, a major synthetic challenge arises from the different chemical reactivities of linkers usually resulting in phase separation. Here, we report a general synthetic protocol for making 3D MTV-COFs by balancing the linker reactivity and solvent polarity. Specifically, 15 crystalline and phase pure MTV-COF-300 isostructures are constructed by linking a tetrahedral unit with eight ditopic struts carrying various functional groups. We find that the electron-donating groups make the linker reactivity too low to allow the reaction to proceed fully, while the electron-withdrawing groups afford increased reactivity and hardly yield crystalline materials. To overcome the crystallization dilemma, the combination of polar aprotic with nonpolar solvents was used to improve the solubility of oligomers and slow the reaction kinetics in MTV-COF synthesis. We demonstrate the abilities of these MTV-COFs to tune gas dynamic behaviors and the separation of benzene and cyclohexane. These findings reveal the integration of multivariate functionalities into dynaCOFs with on-demand flexibility to achieve dynamic synergism in particular applications, outperforming their pure, monofunctional counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongxia Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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16
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Wen F, Wu X, Li X, Huang N. Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks as Tailor-Made Scaffolds for Water Harvesting. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302399. [PMID: 37718650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing materials to harvest water from the air is of great importance to alleviate the water shortage for people living in arid regions, where the annual average relative humidity (RH) is lower than 0.4. In this work, we report a general nitrogen atom incorporation strategy to prepare high-performance covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for water harvesting from the air in arid areas. A series of COFs, namely COF-W1, COF-W2, and COF-W3 were developed for this purpose. Different contents of nitrogen were embedded into COFs by incorporating pyridine units into the building blocks. With the increasing content of nitrogen from COF-W1 to COF-W3, the inflection points of their water isotherms shift distinctly from RH values from 0.65 to 0.25. Significantly, COF-W3 exhibits the lowest inflection point at a low RH value of 0.25 and reaches a high uptake capacity of 0.28 g g-1 at 25 °C with a low hysteresis loop. Moreover, the gram-scale COF-W3 retains its high performance, which renders it more attractive in water harvesting. This work demonstrates the feasibility of this nitrogen incorporation strategy to acquire high-performance COFs as water harvesters in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Dalian Ecological and Environmental Affairs Service Center, Dalian Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Li J, Liu L, Tang X, Bai X, Liu Y, Wang D, Tao S, Liu R, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Reversible 3D Coalesce via Interlocked Skeleton-Pore Actions and Impacts on π Electronic Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26383-26392. [PMID: 37983008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) create extended two-dimensional (2D) skeletons and aligned one-dimensional (1D) channels, constituting a class of novel π architectures with predesignable structural ordering. A distinct feature is that stacks of π building units in skeletons shape the pore walls, onto which a diversity of different units can be assembled to form various pore interfaces, opening a great potential to trigger a strong structural correlation between the skeleton and the pore. However, such a possibility has not yet been explored. Herein, we report reversible three-dimensional (3D) coalescence and interlocked actions between the skeleton and pore in COFs by controlling hydrogen-bonding networks in the pores. Introducing carboxylic acid units to the pore walls develops COFs that can confine water molecular networks, which are locked by the surface carboxylic acid units on the pore walls via multipoint, multichain, and multidirectional hydrogen-bonding interactions. As a result, the skeleton undergoes an interlocked action with pores to shrink over the x-y plane and to stack closer along the z direction upon water uptake. Remarkably, this interlocked action between the skeleton and pore is reversibly driven by water adsorption and desorption and triggers profound effects on π electronic structures and functions, including band gap, light absorption, and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Pharmaceutical Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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18
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Sprachmann J, Grabicki N, Möckel A, Maltitz J, Monroy JR, Smales GJ, Dumele O. Substituted benzophenone imines for COF synthesis via formal transimination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13639-13642. [PMID: 37905422 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a prominent class of organic materials constructed from versatile building blocks via reversible reactions. The quality of imine-linked COFs can be improved by using amine monomers protected with benzophenone forming benzophenone imines. Here, we present a study on substituted benzophenones in COF synthesis via formal transimination. 12 para-substituted N-aryl benzophenone imines, with a range of electron-rich to electron-poor substituents, were prepared and their hydrolysis kinetics were studied spectroscopically. All substituted benzophenone imines can be employed in COF synthesis and lead to COFs with high crystallinity and high porosity. The substituents act innocent to COF formation as the substituted benzophenones are cleaved off. Imines can be tailored to their synthetic demands and utilized in COF formation. This concept can make access to previously unattainable, synthetically complex COF monomers feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Sprachmann
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - Anna Möckel
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - Jeremy Maltitz
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - José Refugio Monroy
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - Glen J Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin 12205, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany.
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19
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Chafiq M, Chaouiki A, Ko YG. Recent Advances in Multifunctional Reticular Framework Nanoparticles: A Paradigm Shift in Materials Science Road to a Structured Future. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:213. [PMID: 37736827 PMCID: PMC10516851 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) have become a highly sought-after research domain that offers a promising avenue for developing cutting-edge nanostructured materials, both in their pristine state and when subjected to various chemical and structural modifications. Metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks are examples of these emerging materials that have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, such as high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, unique structural regularity, diverse functionality, design flexibility, and outstanding stability. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research on base-stable POFs, emphasizing the distinct pros and cons of reticular framework nanoparticles compared to other types of nanocluster materials. Thereafter, the review highlights the unique opportunity to produce multifunctional tailoring nanoparticles to meet specific application requirements. It is recommended that this potential for creating customized nanoparticles should be the driving force behind future synthesis efforts to tap the full potential of this multifaceted material category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chafiq
- Materials Electrochemistry Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdelkarim Chaouiki
- Materials Electrochemistry Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Gun Ko
- Materials Electrochemistry Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yan B. Lanthanide Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks Hybrid Materials for Luminescence Responsive Chemical Sensing. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301108. [PMID: 37254951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess several unique features of structural and functional chemistry, together with other modular photophysical performance, which make them candidates for luminescence responsive chemical sensing. Lanthanide (Ln3+ ) functionalized COFs hybrid materials still keep the parent COFs' virtues and also embody the abundant multiple luminescence response with both COFs and Ln3+ ions or other guest species. In this review, the summary is highlighted on the lanthanide functionalized COFs hybrid materials and their relevant systems for luminescence responsive chemical sensing. It is subdivided into five sections involving the three main topics. Firstly, the basic knowledges of COFs materials related to the luminescence responsive chemical sensing are introduced (including three sections), involving the chemistry, application and post-synthetic modification (PSM) of COFs, the luminescence and luminescence responsive chemical sensing, and the luminescence responsive chemical sensing of non-lanthanide functionalized COFs hybrids materials. Secondly, the systematic progresses are outlined on the lanthanide functionalized COFs hybrid materials in luminescence responsive chemical sensing, which is the emphasis for this review. Finally, the conclusion and prospect are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
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21
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Chang K, Huang H, Meng Y, Ju Z, Song H, Zhang L, Niu X, Li ZJ. Synthesis of a pyridine-based covalent organic framework as an efficient adsorbent for rhodamine B removal. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23682-23689. [PMID: 37555096 PMCID: PMC10405783 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featured with crystalline structures, permanent porosity, and designable organic skeletons, are good candidates for serving as adsorbents. Herein, a new pyridine-based two-dimensional COF (TAPP-DBTA-COF) was constructed via the condensation of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)pyridine and 2,5-dibromobenzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde. TAPP-DBTA-COF displayed high-performance for the removal of rhodamine B (Rh B) from water with high capacity, good adaptability and reusability. The maximum adsorption capacity for Rh B can reach up to 1254 mg g-1, and the kinetic constant was determined as k2 = 0.00244 g mg-1 min-1. Moreover, the corresponding amorphous polymer of TAPP-DBTA-COF, termed as TAPP-DBTA-COP, was synthesized from the same starting materials. The lower efficiency of TAPP-DBTA-COP in capture of Rh B revealed that the ordered pore structure, large specific surface area and rich adsorption sites play an important role in adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Chang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Huang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Yuandong Meng
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Zidan Ju
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Song
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Niu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Longdong University Qingyang Gansu 745000 P. R. China
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Xu Y, Sun T, Zeng T, Zhang X, Yao X, Liu S, Shi Z, Wen W, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Ma Y, Zhang YB. Symmetry-breaking dynamics in a tautomeric 3D covalent organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4215. [PMID: 37452038 PMCID: PMC10349083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enolimine-ketoenamine tautomerism has been utilised to construct 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with a higher level of chemical robustness and superior photoelectronic activity. However, it remains challenging to fully control the tautomeric states and correlate their tautomeric structure-photoelectronic properties due to the mobile equilibrium of proton transfer between two other atoms. We show that symmetry-asymmetry tautomerisation from diiminol to iminol/cis-ketoenamine can be stabilised and switched in a crystalline, porous, and dynamic 3D COF (dynaCOF-301) through concerted structural transformation and host-guest interactions upon removal and adaptive inclusion of various guest molecules. Specifically, the tautomeric dynaCOF-301 is constructed by linking the hydroquinone with a tetrahedral building block through imine linkages to form 7-fold interwoven diamondoid networks with 1D channels. Reversible framework deformation and ordering-disordering transition are determined from solvated to activated and hydrated phases, accompanied by solvatochromic and hydrochromic effects useful for rapid, steady, and visual naked-eye chemosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tu Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tengwu Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhaolin Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Mohan B, Sarkar D, Raja Lakshmi P, Umadevi D, Shanmugaraju S. N-aryl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's bases-based internal charge transfer (ICT) fluorescence ‘turn-on’ chemosensors for volatile organic amines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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24
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Yang M, Hanayama H, Fang L, Addicoat MA, Guo Y, Graf R, Harano K, Kikkawa J, Jin E, Narita A, Müllen K. Saturated Linkers in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Boost Their Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37339431 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly luminescent two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for sensing applications remains challenging. To suppress commonly observed photoluminescence quenching of COFs, we propose a strategy involving interrupting the intralayer conjugation and interlayer interactions using cyclohexane as the linker unit. By variation of the building block structures, imine-bonded COFs with various topologies and porosities are obtained. Experimental and theoretical analyses of these COFs disclose high crystallinity and large interlayer distances, demonstrating enhanced emission with record-high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 57% in the solid state. The resulting cyclohexane-linked COF also exhibits excellent sensing performance for the trace recognition of Fe3+ ions, explosive and toxic picric acid, and phenyl glyoxylic acid as metabolites. These findings inspire a facile and general strategy to develop highly emissive imine-bonded COFs for detecting various molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Long Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Yunyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Kikkawa
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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