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Ma Y, Jiang Z, Pan L, Zhou Y, Xia R, Liu Z, Yuan L. Current development of molecular classifications of gastric cancer based on omics (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:89. [PMID: 39092559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with significant phenotypic and genetic variation. Traditional classification systems rely mainly on the evaluation of clinical pathological features and conventional biomarkers and might not capture the diverse clinical processes of individual GCs. The latest discoveries in omics technologies such as next‑generation sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics have provided crucial insights into potential genetic alterations and biological events in GC. Clustering strategies for identifying subtypes of GC might offer new tools for improving GC treatment and clinical trial outcomes by enabling the development of therapies tailored to specific subtypes. However, the feasibility and therapeutic significance of implementing molecular classifications of GC in clinical practice need to addressed. The present review examines the current molecular classifications, delineates the prevailing landscape of clinically relevant molecular features, analyzes their correlations with traditional GC classifications, and discusses potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Libin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ruihong Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Fu L, Leiliang X, Qu C, Wu W, Wen R, Huang N, He Q, Cheng Q, Liu G, Cheng Y. Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39087354 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β-catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti-tumor immunity, pro-tumor immunity, and microbial-derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Leiliang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Malla RR, Nellipudi HR, Srilatha M, Nagaraju GP. HER-2 positive gastric cancer: Current targeted treatments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133247. [PMID: 38906351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is highly metastatic and characterized by HER2 amplification. Aberrant HER2 expression drives metastasis, therapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. HER2 amplification contributes to drug resistance by upregulating DNA repair enzymes and drug afflux proteins, reducing drug efficacy. HER2 modulates transcription factors critical for cancer stem cell properties, further impacting drug resistance. HER2 activity is influenced by HER-family ligands, promoting oncogenic signaling. These features point to HER2 as a targetable driver in GC. This review outlines recent advances in HER2-mediated mechanisms and their upstream and downstream signaling pathways in GC. Additionally, it discusses preclinical research investigation that comprehends trastuzumab-sensitizing phytochemicals, chemotherapeutics, and nanoparticles as adjunct therapies. These developments hold promise for improving outcomes and enhancing the management of HER2-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, AP 530045, India
| | | | - Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India
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Sun J, Li X, Wang Q, Chen P, Zhao L, Gao Y. Proteomic profiling and biomarker discovery for predicting the response to PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy in gastric cancer patients. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349459. [PMID: 38881867 PMCID: PMC11176556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, a significant proportion of gastric cancer (GC) patients do not respond to this therapy. Consequently, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying resistance to ICIs and identify robust biomarkers capable of predicting the response to ICIs at treatment initiation. Methods: In this study, we collected GC tissues from 28 patients prior to the administration of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy and conducted protein quantification using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Subsequently, we analyzed differences in protein expression, pathways, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) between responders and non-responders. Furthermore, we explored the potential of these differences as predictive indicators. Finally, using machine learning algorithms, we screened for biomarkers and constructed a predictive model. Results: Our proteomics-based analysis revealed that low activity in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway (CCCP) and a high abundance of activated CD8 T cells are positive signals corresponding to ICIs. By using machine learning, we successfully identified a set of 10 protein biomarkers, and the constructed model demonstrated excellent performance in predicting the response in an independent validation set (N = 14; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.959). Conclusion: In summary, our proteomic analyses unveiled unique potential biomarkers for predicting the response to PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy in GC patients, which may provide the impetus for precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longfei Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation of Potential Markers Associated with Prediction and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5880. [PMID: 38892067 PMCID: PMC11172243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at the progressive stage of the disease, and current anticancer drug advancements are still lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to find relevant biomarkers with the accurate prediction of prognoses and good predictive accuracy to select appropriate patients with GC. Recent advances in molecular profiling technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have enabled the approach of GC biology at multiple levels of omics interaction networks. Systemic biological analyses, such as computational inference of "big data" and advanced bioinformatic approaches, are emerging to identify the key molecular biomarkers of GC, which would benefit targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current status of how bioinformatics analysis contributes to biomarker discovery for prognosis and prediction of therapeutic efficacy in GC based on a search of the medical literature. We highlight emerging individual multi-omics datasets, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for validating putative markers. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives to integrate multi-omics analysis for improving biomarker implementation. The practical integration of bioinformatics analysis and multi-omics datasets under complementary computational analysis is having a great impact on the search for predictive and prognostic biomarkers and may lead to an important revolution in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
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Li Y, Wang B, Yang W, Ma F, Zou J, Li K, Tan S, Feng J, Wang Y, Qin Z, Chen Z, Ding C. Longitudinal plasma proteome profiling reveals the diversity of biomarkers for diagnosis and cetuximab therapy response of colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:980. [PMID: 38302471 PMCID: PMC10834432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab therapy is the major treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), but drug resistance limits its effectiveness. Here, we perform longitudinal and deep proteomic profiling of 641 plasma samples originated from 147 CRC patients (CRCs) undergoing cetuximab therapy with multi-course treatment, and 90 healthy controls (HCs). COL12A1, THBS2, S100A8, and S100A9 are screened as potential proteins to distinguish CRCs from HCs both in plasma and tissue validation cohorts. We identify the potential biomarkers (RRAS2, MMP8, FBLN1, RPTOR, and IMPDH2) for the initial response prediction. In a longitudinal setting, we identify two clusters with distinct fluctuations and construct the model with high accuracy to predict the longitudinal response, further validated in the independent cohort. This study reveals the heterogeneity of different biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, the initial and longitudinal response prediction respectively in the first course and multi-course cetuximab treatment, may ultimately be useful in monitoring and intervention strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fahan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Subei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Su Y, Zhang X, Liang Y, Sun J, Lu C, Huang Z. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune microenvironment in the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166849. [PMID: 37591405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) is the most frequent type of gastric cancer in high-incidence populations. The early stages of IGC growth successively include nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM). However, the mechanisms of IGC development through these stages remain unclear. For this study, single-cell RNA-seq data related to IGC were downloaded from the GEO database, and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were annotated using R software. Changes in the proportion of immune cells and altered cell-to-cell interactions were explored at different disease stages using R software, with a focus on plasma cells. Additionally, IGC samples from the TCGA database were used for immune cell infiltration analysis, and a Cox proportional risk regression model was constructed to identify possible prognostic genes. The results indicated that for precancerous lesions, interactions between immune cells were mainly dominated by chemokines to stimulate the infiltration and activation of immune cells. In tumors, intercellular movement of upregulated molecules and amplified signals were associated with the tumor necrosis factor family and immunosuppression to escape immune surveillance and promote tumor growth. Regarding prognostic analysis, IGLC3, IGLV1-44, IGKV1-16, IGHV3-21, IGLV1-51, and IGLV3-19 were found to be novel biomarkers for IGC. Our analysis of the IGC single-cell atlas together with bulk transcriptome data contributes to understanding TME heterogeneity at the molecular level during IGC development and provides insights for elucidating the mechanism of IGC and discovering novel targets for precise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Su
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Youcheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Calderillo-Ruíz G, Díaz-Romero MC, Carbajal-López B, Herrera-Martínez M, Ruiz-García E, Leon-Takahashi AM, López-Basave HN, Meneses-García A, Herrera-Gomez Á. Latin American young patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: worst prognosis and outcomes. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2018-2027. [PMID: 37969836 PMCID: PMC10643594 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of young patients (aged 40 years or younger) diagnosed with gastric carcinoma has increased worldwide. Young GC diagnosis, have clinicopathological features that differ from elderly, and is correlated with bad prognosis factors. The purpose of this work is to describe the prevalence, clinic-pathological features, and prognosis of overall survival (OS) of young Latin-American patients with GC. Methods Retrospective, observational study. Included patients treated at the National Cancer Institute [2004-2020]. Statistical analysis: χ2 and t-test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-Rank and Cox-Regression. Statistical significance differences were assessed when P was bilaterally <0.05. Results A total of 2,543 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Young-patients were predominantly female (54%), with diffuse-type adenocarcinoma (68%), signet-ring-cell (72%), poor-differentiation (90%), and metastatic (79%). In OS analysis, patients with metastatic disease, showed differences regarding age, young patients reported a median-OS of 8 versus 13 months for elderly patients (P=0.001). Among young patients, differences were also observed regarding gender, young-female patients had a median-OS of 5 versus 11 months for young-man (P=0.001). Conclusions This is one of the pioneer studies correlating age with gender and the prognostic features of bad prognosis in Latin-American population. Besides, supports the idea that a global effort is required to improve awareness, prevention, and early diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Berenice Carbajal-López
- Clinical Research Department-Gastrointestinal Functional, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Gastrointestinal Functional Unit, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Herrera-Gomez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Felípez N, Montori S, Mendizuri N, Llach J, Delgado PG, Moreira L, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Albéniz E. The Human Gastric Juice: A Promising Source for Gastric Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119131. [PMID: 37298081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high mortality rates due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Biomarker research is essential to improve the early detection of GC. Technological advances and research methodologies have improved diagnostic tools, identifying several potential biomarkers for GC, including microRNA, DNA methylation markers, and protein-based biomarkers. Although most studies have focused on identifying biomarkers in biofluids, the low specificity of these markers has limited their use in clinical practice. This is because many cancers share similar alterations and biomarkers, so obtaining them from the site of disease origin could yield more specific results. As a result, recent research efforts have shifted towards exploring gastric juice (GJ) as an alternative source for biomarker identification. Since GJ is a waste product during a gastroscopic examination, it could provide a "liquid biopsy" enriched with disease-specific biomarkers generated directly at the damaged site. Furthermore, as it contains secretions from the stomach lining, it could reflect changes associated with the developmental stage of GC. This narrative review describes some potential biomarkers for gastric cancer screening identified in gastric juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Felípez
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheyla Montori
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Mendizuri
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joan Llach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro G Delgado
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Mérida, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Albéniz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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