1
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Gogoi C, Saikia UP, Borah P, Saikia T, Bora A, Rastogi GK, Pahari P. Synthesis of fluorinated spiro-1,3-oxazines and thiazines via Selectfluor-mediated intramolecular cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39046268 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A fluorination-induced intramolecular cyclization for the synthesis of fluoro-substituted spiro-1,3-oxazine and spiro-1,3-thiazine derivatives is described. N-(2-(Cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide and benzothioamide are used as the substrates, and the cationic fluorinating agent Selectfluor works as the fluoride source. The reaction yields a single diastereomer. The scope of this regioselective fluorination reaction is established by preparing thirty different spirooxazine and spirothiazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinu Gogoi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | | | - Priyam Borah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Trishna Saikia
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anamika Bora
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaurav K Rastogi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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2
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Cao J, Tao S. Liquid-liquid reactions performed by cellular reactors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5579. [PMID: 38961117 PMCID: PMC11222485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid reactions play a significant role in organic synthesis. However, control of the phase interface between incompatible two-phase liquids remains challenging. Moreover, separating liquid acid, base and oxidants from the reactor takes a long time and high cost. To address these issues, we draw inspiration from the structure and function of cells in living organisms and develop a biomimetic 3D-printed cellular reactor. The cellular reactor houses an aqueous phase containing the catalyst or oxidant while immersed in the organic phase reactant. This setup controls the distribution of the phase interface within the organic phase and increases the interface area by 2.3 times. Notably, the cellular reactor and the aqueous phase are removed from the organic phase upon completing the reaction, eliminating additional separation steps and preventing direct contact between the reactor and acidic, alkaline, or oxidizing substances. Furthermore, the cellular reactor offers the advantages of digital design feasibility and cost-effective manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Cao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengyang Tao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Li Y, Xu J, Oliveira JC, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Enantioselective C-H Annulation by Achiral Rhodium(III)/Chiral Brønsted Base Domino Catalysis. ACS Catal 2024; 14:8160-8167. [PMID: 38868099 PMCID: PMC11165455 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation has emerged as a powerful tool for assembling enabling chiral molecules. However, this approach is significantly hampered by the cumbersome synthetic routes for preparing chiral rhodium catalysts. In sharp contrast, we herein report on an electrochemical domino catalysis system that exploits an achiral Cp*-rhodium catalyst along with an easily accessible chiral Brønsted base for an enantioselective C-H activation/annulation reaction of alkenes by benzoic acids. Our strategy offers an environmentally benign and most user-friendly approach for assembling synthetically useful chiral phthalides in good enantioselectivity, employing electricity as the sustainable oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C.
A. Oliveira
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Hu Q, Wei B, Wang M, Liu M, Chen XW, Ran CK, Wang G, Chen Z, Li H, Song J, Yu DG, Guo C. Enantioselective Nickel-Electrocatalyzed Reductive Propargylic Carboxylation with CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14864-14874. [PMID: 38754389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The exploitation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sustainable, plentiful, and harmless C1 source for the catalytic synthesis of enantioenriched carboxylic acids has long been acknowledged as a pivotal task in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present a current-driven nickel-catalyzed reductive carboxylation reaction with CO2 fixation, facilitating the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds by circumventing the handling of moisture-sensitive organometallic reagents. This electroreductive protocol serves as a practical platform, paving the way for the synthesis of enantioenriched propargylic carboxylic acids (up to 98% enantiomeric excess) from racemic propargylic carbonates and CO2. The efficacy of this transformation is exemplified by its successful utilization in the asymmetric total synthesis of (S)-arundic acid, (R)-PIA, (S)-chizhine D, (S)-cochlearin G, and (S,S)-alexidine, thereby underscoring the potential of asymmetric electrosynthesis to achieve complex molecular architectures sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Boyuan Wei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chuan-Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoze Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhu W, Lu R, Guo C. Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed anodic oxidative dienylation and allylation reactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4477. [PMID: 38796470 PMCID: PMC11127924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision control of stereochemistry in radical reactions remains a formidable challenge due to the prevalence of incidental racemic background reactions resulting from undirected substrate oxidation in the absence of chiral induction. In this study, we devised an thoughtful approach-electricity-driven asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis-to circumvent this impediment. This methodology facilitates both asymmetric dienylation and allylation reactions, resulting in the formation of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and demonstrating significant potential in the modular synthesis of functional and chiral benzoxazole-oxazoline (Boox) ligands. Notably, the involvement of chiral Lewis acids in both the electrochemical activation and stereoselectivity-defining radical stages offers innovative departures for designing single electron transfer-based reactions, significantly underscoring the relevance of this approach as a multifaceted and universally applicable strategy for various fields of study, including electrosynthesis, organic chemistry, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wangjie Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ruimin Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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6
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Garg A, Rendina D, Bendale H, Akiyama T, Ojima I. Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1398397. [PMID: 38783896 PMCID: PMC11112575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1398397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis stands at the forefront of modern chemistry, serving as a cornerstone for the efficient creation of enantiopure chiral molecules characterized by their high selectivity. In this review, we delve into the realm of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which spans various methodologies, each contributing to the broader landscape of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral molecules. Transition metals play a central role as catalysts for a wide range of transformations with chiral ligands such as phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), etc., facilitating the formation of chiral C-C and C-X bonds, enabling precise control over stereochemistry. Enantioselective photocatalytic reactions leverage the power of light as a driving force for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Asymmetric electrocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach, being both atom-efficient and environmentally friendly, while offering a versatile toolkit for enantioselective reductions and oxidations. Biocatalysis relies on nature's most efficient catalysts, i.e., enzymes, to provide exquisite selectivity, as well as a high tolerance for diverse functional groups under mild conditions. Thus, enzymatic optical resolution, kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution have revolutionized the production of enantiopure compounds. Enantioselective organocatalysis uses metal-free organocatalysts, consisting of modular chiral phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen components, facilitating remarkably efficient and diverse enantioselective transformations. Additionally, unlocking traditionally unreactive C-H bonds through selective functionalization has expanded the arsenal of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of enantiopure chiral molecules. Incorporating flow chemistry into asymmetric catalysis has been transformative, as continuous flow systems provide precise control over reaction conditions, enhancing the efficiency and facilitating optimization. Researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine multiple strategies synergistically to tackle complex synthetic challenges. This convergence holds great promise, propelling the field of asymmetric catalysis forward and facilitating the efficient construction of complex molecules in enantiopure form. As these methodologies evolve and complement one another, they push the boundaries of what can be accomplished in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, leading to the discovery of novel, highly selective transformations which may lead to groundbreaking applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Garg
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Dominick Rendina
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hersh Bendale
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Iwao Ojima
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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7
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Duan Y, Luo S. Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319206. [PMID: 38389503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A biphasic anodic oxidation method for aromatic halogenation process was developed, where aqueous metal salts were directly used as halogen source. Ammonium salts serve as both electrolytes and phase transfer catalysis to facilitate anion transport and oxidative transformation. This design allows for chlorination or nitration of multiple types of arenes using NaCl or KNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Duan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Huang C, Tao Y, Cao X, Zhou C, Lu Q. Asymmetric Paired Electrocatalysis: Enantioselective Olefin-Sulfonylimine Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1984-1991. [PMID: 38113828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric electrocatalysis offers exciting new strategies for the synthesis of chiral molecules through novel reaction pathways. However, simultaneous activation of reactants on both electrodes via asymmetric paired electrolysis, which is more energy efficient and economic than single half-electrode synthesis, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an asymmetric olefin-sulfonylimine coupling via paired electrocatalysis is presented for the first time. In this protocol, Co-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer on the anode and Ni-catalyzed sulfonylimine reduction on the cathode were seamlessly cross-coupled. The new catalytic system enables the formation of chiral amine products bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter with a high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiyang Cao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang J, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Guo C. Dual-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Electrooxidative Homocoupling of Benzoxazolyl Acetate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1522-1531. [PMID: 38166394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of a reliable strategy for stereodivergent radical reactions that allows convenient access to all stereoisomers of homocoupling adducts with multiple stereogenic centers remains an unmet goal in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a dual-catalyzed electrooxidative C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H homocoupling with complete absolute and relative stereocontrol for the synthesis of molecules with contiguous quaternary stereocenters in a general and predictable manner. The stereodivergent electrooxidative homocoupling reaction is achieved by synergistically utilizing two distinct chiral catalysts that convert identical racemic substrates into inherently distinctive reactive chiral intermediates, dictate enantioselective radical addition, and allow access to the full complement of stereoisomeric products via simple catalyst permutation. The successful execution of the dual-electrocatalytic strategy programmed via electrooxidative activation provides a significant conceptual advantage and will serve as a useful foundation for further research into cooperative stereocontrolled radical transformations and diversity-oriented synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wangjie Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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10
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Yuan C, Fu S, Kang X, Cheng C, Jiang C, Liu Y, Cui Y. Mixed-Linker Chiral 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Controlled Layer Stacking for Electrochemical Asymmetric Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:635-645. [PMID: 38148276 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have undergone extensive research as heterogeneous catalysts for a wide range of significant reactions, but they have not yet been investigated in the realm of electrochemical asymmetric catalysis, despite their recognition as an economical and sustainable strategy for producing enantiopure compounds. Here, we report a mixed-linker strategy to design multicomponent two-dimensional (2D) chiral COFs with tunable layer stacking for highly enantioselective electrocatalysis. By crystallizing mixtures of triamines with and without the MacMillan imidazolidinone catalyst or aryl substituent (ethyl and isopropyl) and a dialdehyde derivative of thieno-[3,2-b]thiophene, we synthesized and structurally characterized a series of three-component homochiral 2D COFs featuring either AA or ABC stacking. The stacking modes that can be synthetically controlled through steric tuning using different aryl substituents affect their chemical stability and electrochemical performance. With the MacMillan catalyst periodically appended on their channels, all three COFs with conductive thiophene moieties can be highly enantioselective and recyclable electrocatalysts for the asymmetric α-arylation of aldehydes, affording alkylated anilines with up to 97% enantiomeric excess by an anodic oxidation/organocatalytic protocol. Presumably due to their higher charge transfer ability, the ABC stacking COFs exhibit improved reactivity compared to the AA stacking analogue. This work therefore advances COFs as electrocatalysts for asymmetric catalysis and may facilitate the design of more redox-active crystalline organic polymers for electrochemical enantioselective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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11
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Xie T, Huang J, Li J, Peng L, Song J, Guo C. Cu-catalyzed asymmetric regiodivergent electrosynthesis and its application in the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-fumimycin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6749. [PMID: 37875470 PMCID: PMC10598217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary amino acids are one of the essential building blocks and precursors of medicinally important compounds. Various synthetic strategies towards their synthesis have been reported. On the other hand, developing core-structure-oriented cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, is a largely unsolved problem. Herein, we describe a copper-catalyzed regiodivergent electrochemical CDC reaction of Schiff bases and commercially available hydroquinones to obtain three classes of chiral quaternary amino acid derivatives for the efficient assembly of complex scaffolds with excellent stereocontrol. The electrochemical anodic oxidation process with slow releasing of quinones serves as an internal syringe pump and provides high levels of reaction efficiency and enantiomeric control. The utility of this strategy is highlighted through the synthetic utility in the asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-fumimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lingzi Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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12
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Ren H, Wang RA, Shi J, Song JR, Wu W, Chi Q, Zhang N. Electrochemical bromocyclization enables 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7290-7294. [PMID: 37650516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic bromocyclization reactions are widely used as key steps in the synthesis of diverse functionalized tetrahydrofuroindolines and hexahydropyrroloindolines. However, the direct dibromination variants of these reactions for the synthesis of 3,5-dibromoindolines remain undeveloped. Here, we report a protonic-acid-promoted electrooxidative protocol for the dearomative C3,C5-dibromocyclizations of tryptophol and tryptamine derivatives. This electrosynthetic approach, which enables direct selective construction of heterocyclic 3a,5a-dibromoindolines with inexpensive, non-hazardous NaBr as both the electrolyte and Br source, provides a convenient, practical method for the late-stage 3,5-diversification of heterocyclic indolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Rui-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, P. R. China
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