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Zhao D, Jia W, Feng X, Yang H, Xie Y, Shang J, Wang P, Guo Y, Li RW. Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymer Composites. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4664. [PMID: 39066060 PMCID: PMC11280612 DOI: 10.3390/s24144664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elastic polymer-based conductive composites (EPCCs) are of great potential in the field of flexible sensors due to the advantages of designable functionality and thermal and chemical stability. As one of the popular choices for sensor electrodes and sensitive materials, considerable progress in EPCCs used in sensors has been made in recent years. In this review, we introduce the types and the conductive mechanisms of EPCCs. Furthermore, the recent advances in the application of EPCCs to sensors are also summarized. This review will provide guidance for the design and optimization of EPCCs and offer more possibilities for the development and application of flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaona Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Hughes KJ, Cheng J, Iyer KA, Ralhan K, Ganesan M, Hsu CW, Zhan Y, Wang X, Zhu B, Gao M, Wang H, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhou QA. Unveiling Trends: Nanoscale Materials Shaping Emerging Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16325-16342. [PMID: 38888229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The realm of biomedical materials continues to evolve rapidly, driven by innovative research across interdisciplinary domains. Leveraging big data from the CAS Content Collection, this study employs quantitative analysis through natural language processing (NLP) to identify six emerging areas within nanoscale materials for biomedical applications. These areas encompass self-healing, bioelectronic, programmable, lipid-based, protein-based, and antibacterial materials. Our Nano Focus delves into the multifaceted utilization of nanoscale materials in these domains, spanning from augmenting physical and electronic properties for interfacing with human tissue to facilitating intricate functionalities like programmable drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Hughes
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Kavita A Iyer
- ACS International India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411044, India
| | | | | | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yutao Zhan
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Menghua Gao
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030. PR China
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3
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Lin J, Chen X, Zhang P, Xue Y, Feng Y, Ni Z, Tao Y, Wang Y, Liu J. Wireless Bioelectronics for In Vivo Pressure Monitoring with Mechanically-Compliant Hydrogel Biointerfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400181. [PMID: 38419474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent electronics-tissues biointefacing technology has offered unprecedented opportunities for long-term disease diagnosis and treatment. It remains a grand challenge to robustly anchor the pressure sensing bioelectronics onto specific organs, since the periodically-varying stress generated by normal biological processes may pose high risk of interfacial failures. Here, a general yet reliable approach is reported to achieve the robust hydrogel interface between wireless pressure sensor and biological tissues/organs, featuring highly desirable mechanical compliance and swelling resistance, despite the direct contact with biofluids and dynamic conditions. The sensor is operated wirelessly through inductive coupling, characterizing minimal hysteresis, fast response times, excellent stability, and robustness, thus allowing for easy handling and eliminating the necessity for surgical extraction after a functional period. The operation of the wireless sensor has been demonstrated with a custom-made pressure sensing model and in vivo intracranial pressure monitoring in rats. This technology may be advantageous in real-time post-operative monitoring of various biological inner pressures after the reconstructive surgery, thus guaranteeing the timely treatment of lethal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsen Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xingmei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yinghui Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhipeng Ni
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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4
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Sun Y, Cui J, Feng S, Cui J, Guo Y, Liang C, Gao W, Lu Z, Liu F, Zhang B. Projection Stereolithography 3D Printing High-Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Passive Wireless Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400103. [PMID: 38573809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based electronics have inherent similarities to biological tissues and hold potential for wearable applications. However, low conductivity, poor stretchability, nonpersonalizability, and uncontrollable dehydration during use limit their further development. In this study, projection stereolithography 3D printing high-conductive hydrogel for flexible passive wireless sensing is reported. The prepared photocurable silver-based hydrogel is rapidly planarized into antenna shapes on substrates using surface projection stereolithography. After partial dehydration, silver flakes within the circuits form sufficient conductive pathways to achieve high conductivity (387 S cm-1). By sealing the circuits to prevent further dehydration, the resistance remains stable when tensile strain is less than 100% for at least 30 days. Besides, the sealing materials provide versatile functionalities, such as stretchability and shape memory property. Customized flexible radio frequency identification tags are fabricated by integrating with commercial chips to complete the accurate recognition of eye movement, realizing passive wireless sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongding Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jin Cui
- School of Information and Science Technology, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Street, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shiwei Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weizi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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5
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Chen S, Chen X, Luo K, Yang W, Yan X, Liu L. Thermo-growing ion clusters enabled healing strengthening and tough adhesion for highly reliable skin electronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1923-1933. [PMID: 38343364 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing and self-adhesion capacities are essential for many modern applications such as skin-interfaced electronics for improving longevity and reliability. However, the self-healing efficiency and adhesive toughness of most synthetic polymers are limited to their original network, making reliability under dynamic deformation still challenging. Herein, inspired by the growth of living organisms, a highly stretchable supramolecular elastomer based on thermo-responsive ion clusters and a dynamic polysulfide backbone was developed. Attributed to the synergic growth of ion clusters and dynamic exchange of disulfide bonds, the elastomer exhibited unique healing strengthening (healing efficiency >200%) and thermo-enhanced tough adhesion (interfacial toughness >500 J m-2) performances. To prove its practical application in highly reliable skin electronics, we further composited the elastomer with a zwitterion to prepare a highly conductive ionic elastomer and applied it in wearable strain sensing and long-term electrophysiological detection. This work provides a new avenue to realize high reliability in skin interfaced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiying Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Wenwei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Xueling Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
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6
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Hou S, Chen C, Bai L, Yu J, Cheng Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electronics with Strain-Resistive Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306749. [PMID: 38078789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have attracted tremendous attention amongst academic and industrial communities due to their prospective applications in personal healthcare, human-activity monitoring, artificial skins, wearable displays, human-machine interfaces, etc. Other than mechanical robustness, stable performances under complex strains in these devices that are not for strain sensing are equally important for practical applications. Here, a comprehensive summarization of recent advances in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performance is presented. First, detailed overviews of intrinsically strain-resistive stretchable materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, are given. Then, systematic representations of advanced structures, including helical, serpentine, meshy, wrinkled, and kirigami-based structures, for strain-resistive performance are summarized. Next, stretchable arrays and circuits with strain-resistive performance, that integrate multiple functionalities and enable complex behaviors, are introduced. This review presents a detailed overview of recent progress in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performances and provides a guideline for the future development of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Libing Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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7
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Hui Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Jiang M, Ju F, Hou W, Xia Z, Wang D, Wang P, Pei Y, Yan R, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Huang W, Sun G. Gradiently Foaming Ultrasoft Hydrogel with Stop Holes for Highly Deformable, Crack-Resistant and Sensitive Conformal Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314163. [PMID: 38423019 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered as promising materials for human-machine interfaces (HMIs) owing to their merits of tailorable mechanical and electrical properties; nevertheless, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve ultrasoftness, good mechanical robustness and high sensitivity, which are the pre-requisite requirements for wearable sensing applications. Herein, for the first time, this work proposes a universal phase-transition-induced bubbling strategy to fabricate ultrasoft gradient foam-shaped hydrogels (FSHs) with stop holes for high deformability, crack-resistance and sensitive conformal HMIs. As a typical system, the FSH based on polyacrylamide/sodium alginate system shows an ultralow Young's modulus (1.68 kPa), increased sustainable strain (1411%), enhanced fracture toughness (915.6 J m-2 ), improved tensile sensitivity (21.77), and compressive sensitivity (65.23 kPa-1 ). The FSHs are used for precisely acquiring and identifying gesture commands of the operator to remotely control a surgical robot for endoscopy and an electric ship in a first-person perspective for cruising, feeding crabs and monitoring the environmental change in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Hui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211199, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Runrun Zhang
- College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211199, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211199, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ju
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Wenteng Hou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Xia
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Deya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Pei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ren Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211199, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 352001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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8
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Yu H, Guo H, Wang J, Zhao T, Zou W, Zhou P, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhong Y, Wang X, Liu L. Skin-Inspired Capacitive Flexible Tactile Sensor with an Asymmetric Structure for Detecting Directional Shear Forces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305883. [PMID: 38060841 PMCID: PMC10853706 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors based on micro-/nanostructures can be integrated into robots to achieve sensitive tactile perception. However, conventional symmetric structures, such as pyramids or hemispheres, can sense only the magnitude of a force and not its direction. In this study, a capacitive flexible tactile sensor inspired by skin structures and based on an asymmetric microhair structure array to perceive directional shear force is designed. Asymmetric microhair structures are obtained by two-photon polymerization (TPP) and replication. Owing to the features of asymmetric microhair structures, different shear force directions result in different deformations. The designed device can determine the directions of both static and dynamic shear forces. Additionally, it exhibits large response scales ranging from 30 Pa to 300 kPa and maintains high stability even after 5000 cycles; the final relative capacitive change (ΔC/C0 ) is <2.5%. This flexible tactile sensor has the potential to improve the perception and manipulation ability of dexterous hands and enhance the intelligence of robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Hongji Guo
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Jingang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Wuhao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peilin Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China
| | - Zhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Yuzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jianchen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ya Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
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9
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Akash TS, Ishraaq R, Das S. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Uncharged Linear Polymer Bottlebrushes: Effect of the Brush Sizes and the Number of Side-Chain Monomers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38295136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), characterized by grafted polymer side chains on linear backbone polymer chain, have emerged as a unique and versatile class of macromolecules with extensive applications in the fields of material science, electronics, battery materials, self-healing technology, etc. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to present a comprehensive study of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PMMA-g-PEtOx) BBP and its structural and hydration properties for varying number of backbone monomers (NBB) and side chain monomers (NSC), as well as properties of water molecules supported by the BBP. We find that the radius of gyration follows a scaling of Rg ∼NSC0.36 for smaller grafts and Rg ∼ NSC0.52-0.58 for longer grafts. We also find that the overall shape of the bottlebrush goes from a rod to sphere-like shape with the increase in NSC. Both the hydration per side chain monomer and hydrogen bonds (HBs) per oxygen and nitrogen of the side chain monomer reduce with an increase in NSC, caused by a corresponding enhancement in localization of the side chain monomers in the interior of the BBP. Furthermore, steric influences ensure the number of water-oxygen HBs is much more than the number of water-nitrogen HBs (with oxygen and nitrogen atoms belonging to the monomer side chains). Also, the BBP-supported water molecules demonstrate two distinctly ordered domains with one more structured and one less structured. The more structured domain disappears with an increase in NSC that causes more side chain monomers to localize in the interior of the BBPs. Finally, we observe that despite the highly negative partial charges of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms (of the side chain monomers), the dipole orientation distributions of water molecules around these atoms exhibit the presence of a neutral environment rather than an anionic environment. Overall, we anticipate that our study will generate significant interest in probing the various BBP systems in greater atomistic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar Akash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Raashiq Ishraaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Liang X, Liu H, Fujinami S, Ito M, Nakajima K. Simultaneous Visualization of Microscopic Conductivity and Deformation in Conductive Elastomers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3438-3446. [PMID: 38223995 PMCID: PMC10832062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conductive elastomers are promising for a wide range of applications in many fields due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties, and an understanding of the conductive mechanisms of such materials under deformation is crucial. However, revealing the microscopic conduction mechanism of conductive elastomers is a challenge. In this study, we developed a method that combines in situ deformation nanomechanical atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive AFM to successfully and simultaneously characterize the microscopic deformation and microscopic electrical conductivity of nanofiller composite conductive elastomers. With this approach, we visualized the conductive network structure of carbon black and carbon nanotube composite conductive elastomers at the nanoscale, tracked their microscopic response under different compressive strains, and revealed the correlation between microscopic and macroscopic electrical properties. This technique is important for understanding the conductive mechanism of conductive elastomers and improving the design of conductive elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liang
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haonan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - So Fujinami
- Office
of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho,
Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Ito
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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11
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Ye H, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Self-compliant ionic skin by leveraging hierarchical hydrogen bond association. Nat Commun 2024; 15:885. [PMID: 38287011 PMCID: PMC10825218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust interfacial compliance is essential for long-term physiological monitoring via skin-mountable ionic materials. Unfortunately, existing epidermal ionic skins are not compliant and durable enough to accommodate the time-varying deformations of convoluted skin surface, due to an imbalance in viscosity and elasticity. Here we introduce a self-compliant ionic skin that consistently works at the critical gel point state with almost equal viscosity and elasticity over a super-wide frequency range. The material is designed by leveraging hierarchical hydrogen bond association, allowing for the continuous release of polymer strands to create topological entanglements as complementary crosslinks. By embodying properties of rapid stress relaxation, softness, ionic conductivity, self-healability, flaw-insensitivity, self-adhesion, and water-resistance, this ionic skin fosters excellent interfacial compliance with cyclically deforming substrates, and facilitates the acquisition of high-fidelity electrophysiological signals with alleviated motion artifacts. The presented strategy is generalizable and could expand the applicability of epidermal ionic skins to more complex service conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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12
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Li J, Yao Z, Meng X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Ma G, Liu L, Zhang J, Niu S, Han Z, Ren L. High-Fidelity, Low-Hysteresis Bionic Flexible Strain Sensors for Soft Machines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2520-2530. [PMID: 38197377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable flexible strain sensors based on conductive elastomers are rapidly emerging as a highly promising candidate for popular wearable flexible electronic and soft-mechanical sensing devices. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of low fidelity and high hysteresis, existing flexible strain sensors are unable to exploit their full application potential. Herein, a design strategy for a successive three-dimensional crack conductive network is proposed to cope with the uncoordinated variation of the output resistance signal arising from the conductive elastomer. The electrical characteristics of the sensor are dominated by the successive crack conductive network through a greater resistance variation and a concise sensing mechanism. As a result, the developed elastomer bionic strain sensors exhibit excellent sensing performance in terms of a smaller overshoot response, a lower hysteresis (∼2.9%), and an ultralow detection limit (0.00179%). What's more, the proposed strategy is universal and applicable to many conductive elastomers with different conductive fillers (including 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D conductive fillers). This approach improves the sensing signal accuracy and reliability of conductive elastomer strain sensors and holds promising potential for various applications in the fields of e-skin and soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongwen Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Xiancun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guoliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Linpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264200, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264200, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264200, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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13
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Yu A, Zhu M, Chen C, Li Y, Cui H, Liu S, Zhao Q. Implantable Flexible Sensors for Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302460. [PMID: 37816513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors, as a significant component of flexible electronics, have attracted great interest the realms of human-computer interaction and health monitoring due to their high conformability, adjustable sensitivity, and excellent durability. In comparison to wearable sensor-based in vitro health monitoring, the use of implantable flexible sensors (IFSs) for in vivo health monitoring offers more accurate and reliable vital sign information due to their ability to adapt and directly integrate with human tissue. IFSs show tremendous promise in the field of health monitoring, with unique advantages such as robust signal reading capabilities, lightweight design, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Herein, a review of IFSs for vital signs monitoring is detailly provided, highlighting the essential conditions for in vivo applications. As the prerequisites of IFSs, the stretchability and wireless self-powered properties of the sensor are discussed, with a special attention paid to the sensing materials which can maintain prominent biosafety (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioresorbability). Furthermore, the applications of IFSs monitoring various parts of the body are described in detail, with a summary in brain monitoring, eye monitoring, and blood monitoring. Finally, the challenges as well as opportunities in the development of next-generation IFSs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxi Yu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingye Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Congkai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Wang H, Dou X, Wang Z, Liu Z, Ye Q, Guo R, Zhou F. Boosting Sensitivity and Durability of Pressure Sensors Based on Compressible Cu Sponges by Strengthening Adhesion of "Rigid-Soft" Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303234. [PMID: 37501331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The interface adhesion plays a key role between rigid metal and elastomer in compressible and stretchable conductors. However, the poor interfacial adhesion hinders their wide applications. To strengthen the interface adhesion, herein, a combination strategy of structure interlocking and polymer bridging is designed by introducing a method of subsurface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (sSI-ATRP). This method can make polymer brush root in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) subsurface, on this basis, metals further grow from subsurface to surface of PDMS via electroless deposition. As a result, the adhesive strength (≈2.5 MPa) between metal layer and PDMS elastomer is 4 times higher than that made by common polymer modification. As a demonstration, pressure sensor is constructed by using as-prepared compressible 3D Cu sponge as a top electrode and paper-based interdigited metal electrode as a bottom electrode. The device sensitivity can reach up to 961.2 kPa-1 and the durability can arrive at 3 000 cycles without degradation. Thus, this proposed interface-enhancement strategy for rigid-soft materials can significantly promote the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors based on 3D conductive sponge. In the future, it would also be expanded to the fabrication of stretchable conductors and extensively applied in other flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ruisheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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15
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Zhao W, Zheng Y, Jiang M, Sun T, Huang A, Wang L, Jiang W, Zhang Q. Exceptional n-type thermoelectric ionogels enabled by metal coordination and ion-selective association. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk2098. [PMID: 37878706 PMCID: PMC10599631 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid-based ionogels emerge as promising candidates for efficient ionic thermoelectric conversion due to their quasi-solid state, giant thermopower, high flexibility, and good stability. P-type ionogels have shown impressive performance; however, the development of n-type ionogels lags behind. Here, an n-type ionogel consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium salt, and ionic liquid is developed. Strong coordination of lithium ion with ether oxygen and the anion-rich clusters generated by ion-preferential association promote rapid transport of the anions and boost Eastman entropy change, resulting in a huge negative ionic Seebeck coefficient (-15 millivolts per kelvin) and a high electrical conductivity (1.86 millisiemens per centimeter) at 50% relative humidity. Moreover, dynamic and reversible interactions among the ternary mixtures endow the ionogel with fast autonomous self-healing capability and green recyclability. All PEO-based ionic thermoelectric modules are fabricated, which exhibits outstanding thermal responses (-80 millivolts per kelvin for three p-n pairs), demonstrating great potential for low-grade energy harvesting and ultrasensitive thermal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiwei Zheng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
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16
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Shi Y, Tian Y, Guan Y, Kang X, Li Y, Ren K, Wen C, Ning C, Zhou L, Fu R, Tan G. All-Polymer Piezoelectric Elastomer with High Stretchability, Low Hysteresis, Self-Adhesion, and UV-Blocking as Flexible Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43003-43015. [PMID: 37650377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer piezoelectric elastomers that integrate self-powered, soft, and elastic performance are attractive in the fields of flexible wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces. However, a lack of adhesion and UV-blocking performances greatly hinders the potential applications of elastomers in these emerging fields. Here, a high-performance piezoelectric elastomer with piezoelectricity, mechanical robustness, self-adhesion, and UV-resistance was developed by using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylamide (AAm), and oxidized tannic acid (OTA) (named PPO). In this design, the dipole-dipole interactions between the PVDF and PAN chains promoted the content of β-PVDF, endowing high piezoelectric coefficient (d33, 58 pC/N). Besides, high stretchability (∼500%), supercompressibility (∼98%), low Young's modulus (∼0.02 MPa), and remarkable elasticity (∼13.8% hysteresis ratio) were achieved simultaneously for the elastomers. Inspired by the mussel adhesion chemistry, the OTA containing abundant catechol and quinone groups provided high adhesion (93.26 kPa to wood) and an exceptional UV-blocking property (∼99.9%). In addition, the elastomers can produce a reliable electric signal output (Vocmax = 237 mV) and show a fast response (24 ms) when subjected to external force. Furthermore, the elastomer can be easily assembled as a wearable sensor for human physiological (body pulse and speech identification) monitoring and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kunyu Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyao Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P. R. China
| | - Rumin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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