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Zhang Y, Wang J, Xie X, Wang X, Wu WD, Chen XD, Wu Z. Deep Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbons into Light Products via Tandem Catalysis over Uniform Interconnected ZSM-5@AlSBA-15 Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309114. [PMID: 38233203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Deep cracking of bulky hydrocarbons on zeolite-containing catalysts into light products with high activity, desired selectivity, and long-term stability is demanded but challenging. Herein, the efficient deep cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) on intimate ZSM-5@AlSBA-15 composites via tandem catalysis is demonstrated. The rapid aerosol-confined assembly enables the synthesis of the composites composed of a continuous AlSBA-15 matrix decorated with isolated ZSM-5 nanoparticles. The two components at various ZSM-5/AlSBA-15 mass ratios are uniformly mixed with chemically bonded pore walls, interconnected pores, and eliminated external surfaces of nanosized ZSM-5. The typical composite with a ZSM-5/AlSBA-15 mass ratio of 0.25 shows superior performance in TIPB cracking with outstanding activity (≈100% conversion) and deep cracking selectivity (mass of propylene + benzene > 60%) maintained for a long time (> 6 h) under a high TIPB flux (2 mL h-1), far better (several to tens of times higher) than the single-component and physically mixed catalysts and superior to literature results. The high performance is attributed to the cooperative tandem catalytic process, that is, selective and timely pre-cracking of TIPB to isopropylbenzene (IPB) in AlSBA-15 and subsequently timely diffusion and deep cracking of IPB in nanosized ZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaren Wang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianglin Xie
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Winston Duo Wu
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhangxiong Wu
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Yang Y, Pal M, Dong Chen X, Wu Z. Comparative study on Al-SBA-15 prepared by spray drying and traditional methods for bulky hydrocarbon cracking: Properties, performance and influencing factors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:749-760. [PMID: 38432173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mesoporous aluminosilicates Al-SBA-15 with large pore sizes and suitable acid properties are promising substitutes to zeolites for catalytic cracking of bulky hydrocarbons without molecular diffusion limitation. The conventional processes to synthesize Al-SBA-15 are time-consuming and often suffer from low "framework" Al contents. Herein, Al-SBA-15 microspheres are synthesized using the rapid and scalable microfluidic jet spray drying technique. They possess uniform particle sizes (45-60 μm), variable surface morphologies, high surface areas (264-340 m2/g), uniform mesopores (3.8-4.9 nm) and rich acid sites (126-812 μmol/g) and high acid strength. Their physicochemical properties are compared with the counterparts synthesized using traditional hydrothermal and evaporation-induced self-assembly methods. The spray drying technique results in a higher incorporation of aluminum (Al) atoms into the silica "framework" compared to the other two methods. The catalytic cracking efficiencies of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) on the Al-SBA-15 materials synthesized using the three different methods and nanosized ZSM-5 are compared. The optimal spray-dried Al-SBA-15 exhibits the best performance with 100 % TIPB conversion, excellent selectivity (about 75 %) towards the formation of deeply cracked products (benzene and propylene) and high stability. The catalytic performances of the spray-dried Al-SBA-15 with varying Si/Al ratios are also compared. The reasons for the different performances of the different materials are discussed, where the mesopores, high acid density and strength are observed to play the most critical role. This work might provide a basis for the synthesis of mesoporous rich metal-substituted silica materials for different catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Xie
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Manas Pal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangxiong Wu
- Particle Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Ferdov S. Interzeolite Transformation from FAU-to-EDI Type of Zeolite. Molecules 2024; 29:1744. [PMID: 38675564 PMCID: PMC11052343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports for the first time the transformation of the pre-made FAU type of zeolite to the EDI type of zeolite. The concentration of the KOH solution controls this interzeolite transformation, which unusually occurs at both room temperature and under hydrothermal conditions. The transformation involves the amorphization and partial dissolution of the parent FAU phase, followed by the crystallization of EDI zeolite. At room temperature, the transformation (11-35 days) provides access to well-shaped nano-sized crystals and hollow hierarchical particles while the hydrothermal synthesis results in faster crystallization (6-27 h). These findings reveal an example of an interzeolite transformation to a potassium zeolite that lacks common composite building units with the parent zeolite phase. Finally, this work also demonstrates the first room-temperature synthesis of EDI zeolite from a gel precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ferdov
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Pornsetmetakul P, Coumans FJAG, Heinrichs JMJJ, Zhang H, Wattanakit C, Hensen EJM. Accelerated Synthesis of Nanolayered MWW Zeolite by Interzeolite Transformation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302931. [PMID: 37986265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites can offer substantial benefits over bulk zeolites in catalysis. A drawback towards practical implementation is their lengthy synthesis, often requiring complex organic templates. This work describes an accelerated synthesis of nanolayered MWW zeolite based on the combination of interzeolite transformation (IZT) with a dual-templating strategy. FAU zeolite, hexamethyleneimine (HMI), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were respectively employed as Al source and primary zeolite, structure directing agent, and exfoliating agent. This approach allowed to reduce the synthesis of nanolayered MWW to 48 h, which is a considerable advance over the state of the art. Tracking structural, textural, morphological, and chemical properties during crystallization showed that 4-membered-ring (4MR) units derived from the FAU precursor are involved in the faster formation of MWW in comparison to a synthesis procedure from amorphous precursor. CTAB restricts the growth of the zeolite in the c-direction, resulting in nanolayered MWW. Moreover, we show that this approach can speed up the synthesis of nanolayered FER. The merits of nanolayered MWW zeolites are demonstrated in terms of improved catalytic performance in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene to p-xylene compared to bulk reference MWW sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerapol Pornsetmetakul
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210, Rayong, Thailand
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdy J A G Coumans
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jason M J J Heinrichs
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chularat Wattanakit
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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