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Zhou N, Sun Y, Ren X, Wang Y, Gao X, Li L, Ma Y, Hao Y, Wang Y. Intradermal injection of Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococcus: A pustular acne-like murine model. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2478-2489. [PMID: 38581133 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin 16S microbiome diversity analysis indicates that the Staphylococcus genus, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a crucial role in the inflammatory lesions of acne. However, current animal models for acne do not fully replicate human diseases, especially pustular acne, which limits the development of anti-acne medications. AIMS The aim is to develop a mouse model for acne, establishing an animal model that more closely mimics the clinical presentation of pustular acne. This will provide a new research platform for screening anti-acne drugs and evaluating the efficacy of clinical anti-acne experimental treatments. METHODS Building upon the existing combination of acne-associated Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) with artificial sebum, we will inject a mixture of S. aureus and C. acnes locally into the dermis in a 3:7 ratio. RESULTS We found that the acne animal model with mixed bacterial infection better replicates the dynamic evolution process of human pustular acne. Compared to the infection with C. acnes alone, mixed bacterial infection resulted in pustules with a distinct yellowish appearance, resembling pustular acne morphology. The lesions exhibited redness, vascular dilation, and noticeable congestion, along with evident infiltration of inflammatory cells. This induced higher levels of inflammation, as indicated by a significant increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This model can reflect the clinical symptoms and development of human pustular acne, overcoming the limitations of animal models commonly used in basic research to study this situation. It provides support for foundational research and the development of new acne medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lishuang Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuman Ma
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li S, Xu M, Yang D, Yang M, Wu H, Li X, Yang C, Fang Z, Wu Q, Tan L, Xiao W, Weng Q. Characterization and genomic analysis of a lytic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia short-tailed phage A1432 revealed a new genus of the family Mesyanzhinovviridae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1400700. [PMID: 38993489 PMCID: PMC11236537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that exhibits resistant to a majority of commonly used antibiotics. Phages have the potential to serve as an alternative treatment for S. maltophilia infections. In this study, a lytic phage, A1432, infecting S. maltophilia YCR3A-1, was isolated and characterized from a karst cave. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage A1432 possesses an icosahedral head and a shorter tail. Phage A1432 demonstrated a narrow host range, with an optimal multiplicity of infection of 0.1. The one-step growth curve indicated a latent time of 10 min, a lysis period of 90 min, a burst size of 43.2 plaque-forming units per cell. In vitro bacteriolytic activity test showed that phage A1432 was capable to inhibit the growth of S. maltophilia YCR3A-1 in an MOI-dependent manner after 2 h of co-culture. BLASTn analysis showed that phage A1432 genome shares the highest similarity (81.46%) with Xanthomonas phage Xoo-sp2 in the NCBI database, while the query coverage was only 37%. The phage contains double-stranded DNA with a genome length of 61,660 bp and a GC content of 61.92%. It is predicted to have 79 open reading frames and one tRNA, with no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis using terminase large subunit and DNA polymerase indicated that phage A1432 clustered with members of the Bradleyvirinae subfamily but diverged into a distinct branch. Further phylogenetic comparison analysis using Average Nucleotide Identity, proteomic phylogenetic analysis, genomic network analysis confirmed that phage A1432 belongs to a novel genus within the Bradleyvirinae subfamily, Mesyanzhinovviridae family. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the so far isolated S. maltophilia phages revealed significant genetic diversity among these phages. The results of this research will contribute valuable information for further studies on their morphological and genetic diversity, will aid in elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms that give rise to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hejing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changzhou Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingshan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Leitao Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingbei Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
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Yu R, Yu L, Ning X, Cui Y. Investigating Propionibacterium acnes antibiotic susceptibility and response to bacteriophage in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1424849. [PMID: 38974030 PMCID: PMC11224150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1424849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A total of 94 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) isolates were obtained from a hospital in Beijing to evaluate their susceptibility to erythromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, and minocycline. As well as the determination of the effectiveness of P. acnes phages in vitro and in P. acnes-induced lesions mouse model. Methods Patients with acne vulgaris (AV) were enrolled from August 2021 to October 2022. Standard methods were employed for specimen collection, culture, and identification of P. acnes. Susceptibility testing was conducted using E-strips for erythromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, and doxycycline. Phage culture and identification followed standard procedures. A mouse model with P. acnes-induced skin lesions was established, and data was analyzed using χ 2 test. Results The results showed that all isolates were susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline, while 53 (56.4%) and 52 (55.3%) isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and clarithromycin, respectively. Interestingly, younger patients and those with lower acne severity exhibited reduced resistance. Phage cleavage rates ranged from 88.30 to 93.60%. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was conducted on eight randomly selected P. acnes isolates, and the IA-2 subtype was used in experiments to address P. acnes-induced lesions in mice. Phage therapy proved effective in this model. Discussion This study highlights the high susceptibility of P. acnes to doxycycline and tetracycline, while erythromycin and clarithromycin exhibited elevated resistance. Additionally, P. acnes phages demonstrated high cleavage rates and potential effectiveness in treating P. acnes-induced lesions. These findings suggest promising avenues for further exploration of phage therapy in acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ning
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Xu D, Yan J, Wang B, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan G, Yang J, Zeng Q, Wang X. A novel H‑tert immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (XL-i-20) for the investigation of photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104238. [PMID: 38848883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a species-specific human disease. To date, there has been no established human sebocyte cell line of Asian origin. Our previous study has demonstrated the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in the treatment of acne vulgaris, primarily attributed to its cytotoxic properties; however, its regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To establish an immortalized human sebocyte cell line derived from Chinese population and investigate the underlying mechanism of ALA-PDT. METHODS Human primary sebocytes were transfected with the human tert gene (h‑tert). The biological characteristics, including cell proliferation, cell markers, and sebum secretion function, were compared between primary sebocytes and the immortalized sebocytes (XL-i-20). Stimulations such as ALA-PDT, were applied respectively to both primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 cells to assess changes in their cellular functions. The transcriptome differences between primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 sebocytes were investigated using RNA-seq analysis. The XL-i-20 cell line was used to establish a sebaceous gland (SG) organoid culture, serving as a representative model of SG for the investigation of ALA-PDT. RESULTS The h‑tert immortalized sebocyte cell line exhibited the ability to be consecutively cultured for more than fifty passages. Both primary and immortalized cells expressed sebocyte markers such as epithelial membrane antigens (EMA, or MUC-1), Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and adipose differentiation-related protein associated antigens (ADRP), and maintained sebum secretion function. The proliferative capacity of XL-i-20 was found to be significantly higher than that of primary sebocytes. The responses of XL-i-20 to ALA-PDT were indistinguishable from those elicited by primary sebocytes. Cell viability and sebum secretion were decreased after ALA-PDT in both two cell lines, and lipid-related proteins (SREBP-1/PPARγ) were down-regulated. The transcriptome data consistently demonstrated upregulation of genes related to inflammatory responses and downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism in both cell types following PDT. The analysis of common differential genes of primary sebocytes and XL-i-20 sebocytes post ALA-PDT showed that TNF signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were activated. The SG organoids were spherical, which expressed markers of FANS and PLET1. Ki-67 was down-regulated after ALA-PDT. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an h‑tert immortalized sebocyte cell line from an Asian population. The cell line, XL-i-20, maintains the essential characteristics of its parent primary sebocytes. Moreover, XL-i-20 sebocyte exhibited a significant respond to ALA-PDT, demonstrating comparable phenotypic and molecular changes to primary sebocytes. Therefore, XL-i-20 and its derived SG organoid serve as appropriate in vitro models for investigating the efficacy and mechanisms of ALA-PDT in SG-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Detian Xu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianna Yan
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Dreno B, Dekio I, Baldwin H, Demessant AL, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Corvec S. Acne microbiome: From phyla to phylotypes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:657-664. [PMID: 37777343 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Traditionally, the primary pathophysiologic factors in acne have been thought to be: (1) altered sebum production, (2) inflammation, (3) excess keratinization and (4) colonization with the commensal Cutibacterium acnes. However, the role of C. acnes has been unclear, since virtually all adults have C. acnes on their skin yet not all develop acne. In recent years, understanding of the role of C. acnes has expanded. It is still acknowledged to have an important place in acne pathogenesis, but evidence suggests that an imbalance of individual C. acnes phylotypes and an alteration of the skin microbiome trigger acne. In addition, it is now believed that Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an actor in acne development. Together, C. acnes and S. epidermidis maintain and regulate homeostasis of the skin microbiota. Antibiotics, which have long been a staple of acne therapy, induce cutaneous dysbiosis. This finding, together with the long-standing public health edict to spare antibiotic use when possible, highlights the need for a change in acne management strategies. One fertile direction of study for new approaches involves dermocosmetic products that can support epidermal barrier function and have a positive effect on the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Dreno
- Dermatology Department, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Itaru Dekio
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hilary Baldwin
- Acne Treatment and Research Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Marie-Ange Dagnelie
- Dermatology Department, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Dermatology Department, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Stephane Corvec
- CHU Nantes, Bacteriology Department, INCIT, UMR 1302, University Nantes, Nantes, France
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Liu Y, Zhen N, Liao D, Niu J, Liu R, Li Z, Lei Z, Yang Z. Application of bacteriophage φPaP11-13 attenuates rat Cutibacterium acnes infection lesions by promoting keratinocytes apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283823. [PMID: 38197658 PMCID: PMC10845971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02838-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris caused by antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection is difficult to treat conventionally. Phages have been suggested as a potential solution, but research on the mechanism of phage treatment is inadequate. This research investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms of phage φPaP11-13 attenuating C. acnes-induced inflammation in rat models. We found that rats infected with C. acnes had higher average ear thickness, greater enrichment of inflammatory cells as shown by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and fewer TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling)-positive keratinocytes visualized by IF staining. Moreover, an increase of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1r) was detected using the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) when infected with C. acnes, which was decreased after the application of phage φPaP11-13. By applying the IGF-1 antibody, it was demonstrated that the severity of C. acnes-induced inflammation was relevant to the expression of IGF-1. Through WB and qRT-PCR, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and a down-regulation of the BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway were discovered after C. acnes infection. Subsequently, it was shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway against BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway was alleviated after applying phage φPaP11-13. Furthermore, applying the IGF-1r inhibitor, Pan-PI3K inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor reversed the changing trends of BAD induced by C. acnes and phage φPaP11-13. This study demonstrates that one of the critical mechanisms underlying the attenuation of acne vulgaris by phage φPaP11-13 is lysing C. acnes and regulating keratinocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.IMPORTANCECutibacterium acnes infection-induced acne vulgaris may cause severe physical and psychological prognosis. However, the overuse of antibiotics develops drug resistance, bringing challenges in treating Cutibacterium acnes. Bacteriophages are currently proven effective in MDR (multiple drug-resistant) Cutibacterium acnes, but there is a significant lack of understanding of phage therapy. This study demonstrated a novel way of curing acne vulgaris by using phages through promoting cell death of excessive keratinocytes in acne lesions by lysing Cutibacterium acnes. However, the regulation of this cell cycle has not been proven to be directly mediated by phages. The hint of ternary relation among "phage-bacteria-host" inspires huge interest in future phage therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cadet Brigade 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Zhen
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danxi Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Niu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cadet Brigade 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zijiao Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cadet Brigade 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyuan Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zichen Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Yakoup AY, Kamel AG, Elbermawy Y, Abdelsattar AS, El-Shibiny A. Characterization, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using the whole biofilm layer as a macromolecule in biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:364. [PMID: 38172225 PMCID: PMC10764356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are responsible for a large number of infectious diseases that can be life-threatening. Globally, new approaches are targeted to solve this essential issue. This study aims to discover novel antibiotic alternatives by using the whole components of the biofilm layer as a macromolecule to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a promising agent against MDR. In particular, the biosynthesized biofilm-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopes, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), zeta sizer and potential while their effect on bacterial strains and normal cell lines was identified. Accordingly, biofilm-AgNPs have a lavender-colored solution, spherical shape, with a size range of 20-60 nm. Notably, they have inhibitory effects when used on various bacterial strains with concentrations ranging between 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. In addition, they have an effective synergistic effect when combined with phage ZCSE9 to inhibit and kill Salmonella enterica with a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL. In conclusion, this work presents a novel biosynthesis preparation of AgNPs using biofilm for antibacterial purposes to reduce the possible toxicity by reducing the MICs using phage ZCSE9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghapy Yermans Yakoup
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Azza G Kamel
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Elbermawy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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8
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Dessinioti C, Katsambas A. The Microbiome and Acne: Perspectives for Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:31-44. [PMID: 38183614 PMCID: PMC10828138 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin microbiome consists of the microorganisms populating the human skin. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly named Propionibacterium acnes) is recognized as a key factor in acne development, regulating inflammatory and immune pathways. Dysbiosis has been described as the imbalance in skin microbiome homeostasis and may play a role in acne pathogenesis. Microbial interference has been shown to be a contributor to healthy skin homeostasis and staphylococcal strains may exclude acne-associated C. acnes phylotypes. In this review we present an update on the skin microbiome in acne and discuss how current acne treatments such as benzoyl peroxide, orally administered isotretinoin, and antibiotics may affect the skin microbiome homeostasis. We highlight the collateral damage of acne antibiotics on the skin microbiome, including the risk of antimicrobial resistance and the dysregulation of the microbiome equilibrium that may occur even with short-term antibiotic courses. Consequently, the interest is shifting towards new non-antibiotic pharmacological acne treatments. Orally administered spironolactone is an emerging off-label treatment for adult female patients and topical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulation is being studied for patients with acne. The potential application of topical or oral probiotics, bacteriotherapy, and phage therapy for acne are further promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, 5, Dragoumi Str, 16 121, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Xuan G, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lin H, Wang C, Wang J. Characterization of the newly isolated phage Y3Z against multi-drug resistant Cutibacterium acnes. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106111. [PMID: 37084823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a symbiotic bacterium that plays an important role in the formation of acn e inflammatory lesions. As a common component of the acne microbiome, C. acnes phages have the potential to make a significant contribution to treating antibiotic-resistant strains of C. acnes. However, little is known about their genetic composition and diversity. In this study, a new lytic phage, Y3Z, infecting C. acne, was isolated and characterized. Electron microscopy analysis revealed this phage is a siphovirus. Phage Y3Z is composed of 29,160 bp with a GC content of 56.32%. The genome contains 40 open reading frames, 17 of which had assigned functions, while no virulence-related genes, antibiotic resistance genes or tRNA were identified. The one-step growth curve showed the burst size was 30 PFU (plaque-forming unit)/cell. And it exhibited tolerance over a broad range of pH and temperature ranges. Phage Y3Z could infect and lyse all C. acnes isolates tested, though the host range of PA6 was restricted to C. acnes. Based on the phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses, Y3Z may represent a new siphovirus infecting C. acnes. Characterization of Y3Z will enrich our knowledge about the diversity of C. acnes phages and provide a potential arsenal for thetreatment of acne infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yixian Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), China.
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Knight R, Gallo RL. Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151527. [PMID: 37081873 PMCID: PMC10110978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its harsh and dry environment, human skin is home to diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microscopic mites. These microbes form communities that may exist at the skin surface, deeper skin layers, and within microhabitats such as the hair follicle and sweat glands, allowing complex interactions with the host immune system. Imbalances in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. The roles of abundant commensal bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium taxa and the fungi Malassezia, where particular species or strains can benefit the host or cause disease, are increasingly appreciated in skin disorders. Furthermore, recent research suggests that the interactions between microorganisms and the host's immune system on the skin can have distant and systemic effects on the body, such as on the gut and brain, known as the "skin-gut" or "skin-brain" axes. Studies on the microbiome in skin disease have typically relied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, which cannot provide accurate information about species or strains of microorganisms on the skin. However, advancing technologies, including metagenomics and other functional 'omic' approaches, have great potential to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about the skin microbiome in health and disease. Additionally, inter-species and multi-kingdom interactions can cause cascading shifts towards dysbiosis and are crucial but yet-to-be-explored aspects of many skin disorders. Better understanding these complex dynamics will require meta-omic studies complemented with experiments and clinical trials to confirm function. Evolving how we profile the skin microbiome alongside technological advances is essential to exploring such relationships. This review presents the current and emerging methods and their findings for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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