1
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Stolar T, Pearce BK, Etter M, Truong KN, Ostojić T, Krajnc A, Mali G, Rossi B, Molčanov K, Lončarić I, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Grisanti L. Base-pairing of uracil and 2,6-diaminopurine: from cocrystals to photoreactivity. iScience 2024; 27:109894. [PMID: 38783999 PMCID: PMC11112615 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that the non-canonical nucleobase 2,6-diaminopurine (D) spontaneously base pairs with uracil (U) in water and the solid state without the need to be attached to the ribose-phosphate backbone. Depending on the reaction conditions, D and U assemble in thermodynamically stable hydrated and anhydrated D-U base-paired cocrystals. Under UV irradiation, an aqueous solution of D-U base-pair undergoes photochemical degradation, while a pure aqueous solution of U does not. Our simulations suggest that D may trigger the U photodimerization and show that complementary base-pairing modifies the photochemical properties of nucleobases, which might have implications for prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben K.D. Pearce
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Rigaku Europe SE, Hugenottenallee 167, 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Tea Ostojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Luca Grisanti
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- National Research Council - Materials Foundry Institute (CNR-IOM) c/o SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Nitschke W, Farr O, Gaudu N, Truong C, Guyot F, Russell MJ, Duval S. The Winding Road from Origin to Emergence (of Life). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:607. [PMID: 38792628 PMCID: PMC11123232 DOI: 10.3390/life14050607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Humanity's strive to understand why and how life appeared on planet Earth dates back to prehistoric times. At the beginning of the 19th century, empirical biology started to tackle this question yielding both Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the paradigm that the crucial trigger putting life on its tracks was the appearance of organic molecules. In parallel to these developments in the biological sciences, physics and physical chemistry saw the fundamental laws of thermodynamics being unraveled. Towards the end of the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century, the tensions between thermodynamics and the "organic-molecules-paradigm" became increasingly difficult to ignore, culminating in Erwin Schrödinger's 1944 formulation of a thermodynamics-compliant vision of life and, consequently, the prerequisites for its appearance. We will first review the major milestones over the last 200 years in the biological and the physical sciences, relevant to making sense of life and its origins and then discuss the more recent reappraisal of the relative importance of metal ions vs. organic molecules in performing the essential processes of a living cell. Based on this reassessment and the modern understanding of biological free energy conversion (aka bioenergetics), we consider that scenarios wherein life emerges from an abiotic chemiosmotic process are both thermodynamics-compliant and the most parsimonious proposed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Nitschke
- BIP (UMR 7281), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France; (O.F.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Orion Farr
- BIP (UMR 7281), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France; (O.F.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (S.D.)
- CINaM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nil Gaudu
- BIP (UMR 7281), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France; (O.F.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Chloé Truong
- BIP (UMR 7281), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France; (O.F.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (S.D.)
| | - François Guyot
- IMPMC (UMR 7590), CNRS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Michael J. Russell
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Simon Duval
- BIP (UMR 7281), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, 13009 Marseille, France; (O.F.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (S.D.)
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3
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Sugahara H, Yoshimura T, Tamenori Y, Takano Y, Ogawa NO, Chikaraishi Y, Ohkouchi N. Nitrogen K-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure spectroscopy of chemically adsorbed ammonia gas on clay minerals and the 15N/ 14N-nitrogen isotopic fractionation. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:781-789. [PMID: 38311696 PMCID: PMC10961286 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a simple and essential nitrogen carrier in the universe. Its adsorption on mineral surfaces is an important step in the synthesis of nitrogenous organic molecules in extraterrestrial environments. The nitrogen isotopic ratios provide a useful tool for understanding the formation processes of N-bearing molecules. In this study, adsorption experiments were conducted using gaseous NH3 and representative clay minerals. The strongly adsorbed NH3 was 15N-enriched in a state of chemical equilibrium between the adsorption and desorption on the siliceous host surface. The nitrogen K-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure spectroscopy study revealed that these initial ammonia gases were chemically adsorbed as ammonium ions (NH4+) on clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sugahara
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Yoshimura
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamenori
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- Organization for Research Promotion, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
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4
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Paschek K, Lee M, Semenov DA, Henning TK. Prebiotic Vitamin B 3 Synthesis in Carbonaceous Planetesimals. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300508. [PMID: 37847591 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous chemistry within carbonaceous planetesimals is promising for synthesizing prebiotic organic matter essential to all life. Meteorites derived from these planetesimals delivered these life building blocks to the early Earth, potentially facilitating the origins of life. Here, we studied the formation of vitamin B3 as it is an important precursor of the coenzyme NAD(P)(H), which is essential for the metabolism of all life as we know it. We propose a new reaction mechanism based on known experiments in the literature that explains the synthesis of vitamin B3. It combines the sugar precursors glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone with the amino acids aspartic acid or asparagine in aqueous solution without oxygen or other oxidizing agents. We performed thermochemical equilibrium calculations to test the thermodynamic favorability. The predicted vitamin B3 abundances resulting from this new pathway were compared with measured values in asteroids and meteorites. We conclude that competition for reactants and decomposition by hydrolysis are necessary to explain the prebiotic content of meteorites. In sum, our model fits well into the complex network of chemical pathways active in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Paschek
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mijin Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Semenov
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, House F, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas K Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Vollmer C, Kepaptsoglou D, Leitner J, Mosberg AB, El Hajraoui K, King AJ, Bays CL, Schofield PF, Araki T, Ramasse QM. High-spatial resolution functional chemistry of nitrogen compounds in the observed UK meteorite fall Winchcombe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:778. [PMID: 38278803 PMCID: PMC10817942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic matter in extraterrestrial samples is a complex material that might have played an important role in the delivery of prebiotic molecules to the early Earth. We report here on the identification of nitrogen-containing compounds such as amino acids and N-heterocycles within the recent observed meteorite fall Winchcombe by high-spatial resolution spectroscopy techniques. Although nitrogen contents of Winchcombe organic matter are low (N/C ~ 1-3%), we were able to detect the presence of these compounds using a low-noise direct electron detector. These biologically relevant molecules have therefore been tentatively found within a fresh, minimally processed meteorite sample by high spatial resolution techniques conserving the overall petrographic context. Carbon functional chemistry investigations show that sizes of aromatic domains are small and that abundances of carboxylic functional groups are low. Our observations demonstrate that Winchcombe represents an important addition to the collection of carbonaceous chondrites and still preserves pristine extraterrestrial organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demie Kepaptsoglou
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, UK
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Jan Leitner
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Khalil El Hajraoui
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, UK
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Ashley J King
- Planetary Materials Group, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bays
- Planetary Materials Group, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - Tohru Araki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, UK
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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6
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Gómez-Márquez J. Reflections upon a new definition of life. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:53. [PMID: 37917201 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
What is life? Multiple definitions have been proposed to answer this question, but unfortunately, none of them has reached the consensus of the scientific community. Here, the strategy used to define what life is was based on first establishing which characteristics are common to all living systems (organic nature, entropy-producing system, self-organizing, reworkable pre-program, capacity to interact and adapt, reproduction and evolution) and from them constructing the definition taking into account that reproduction and evolution are not essential for life. On this basis, life is defined as an interactive process occurring in entropy-producing, adaptive, and informative (organic) systems. An unforeseen consequence of the inseparable duality between the system (living being) and the process (life) is the interchangeability of the elements of the definition to obtain other equally valid alternatives. In addition, in the light of this definition, cases of temporarily lifeless living systems (viruses, dormant seeds, and ultracold cells) are analyzed, as well as the status of artificial life entities and the hypothetical nature of extraterrestrial life. All living systems are perishable because the passage of time leads to increasing entropy. Life must create order by continuously producing disorder and exporting it to the environment and so we move and stay in the phase transition between order and chaos, far from equilibrium, thanks to the input of energy from the outside. However, the passage of time eventually leads us to an end in which life disappears and entropy increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gómez-Márquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bldg. CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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7
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The extraterrestrial search for our own chemical origins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5794. [PMID: 37749087 PMCID: PMC10520022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
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8
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Yoshimura T, Takano Y, Naraoka H, Koga T, Araoka D, Ogawa NO, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Oba Y, Dworkin JP, Aponte JC, Yoshikawa T, Tanaka S, Ohkouchi N, Hashiguchi M, McLain H, Parker ET, Sakai S, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki T, Yokoyama T, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Sakamoto K, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y, Tachibana S. Chemical evolution of primordial salts and organic sulfur molecules in the asteroid 162173 Ryugu. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5284. [PMID: 37723151 PMCID: PMC10507048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Samples from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu provide information on the chemical evolution of organic molecules in the early solar system. Here we show the element partitioning of the major component ions by sequential extractions of salts, carbonates, and phyllosilicate-bearing fractions to reveal primordial brine composition of the primitive asteroid. Sodium is the dominant electrolyte of the salt fraction extract. Anions and NH4+ are more abundant in the salt fraction than in the carbonate and phyllosilicate fractions, with molar concentrations in the order SO42- > Cl- > S2O32- > NO3- > NH4+. The salt fraction extracts contain anionic soluble sulfur-bearing species such as Sn-polythionic acids (n < 6), Cn-alkylsulfonates, alkylthiosulfonates, hydroxyalkylsulfonates, and hydroxyalkylthiosulfonates (n < 7). The sulfur-bearing soluble compounds may have driven the molecular evolution of prebiotic organic material transforming simple organic molecules into hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and refractory S allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yoshimura
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiki Koga
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araoka
- Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, Maximus-von-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Oba
- Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS), Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0189, Japan
| | - Jason P Dworkin
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - José C Aponte
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Takaaki Yoshikawa
- HORIBA Advanced Techno, Co., Ltd., Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, 601-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Tanaka
- HORIBA Techno Service Co., Ltd. Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, 601-8510, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Minako Hashiguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hannah McLain
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Eric T Parker
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamaguchi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 3-9 Moriyacho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 3-9 Moriyacho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Creative Research Institution (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8678, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, 243-0292, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- Institute of Space and Astro-nautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science (UTOPS), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Potiszil C, Yamanaka M, Sakaguchi C, Ota T, Kitagawa H, Kunihiro T, Tanaka R, Kobayashi K, Nakamura E. Organic Matter in the Asteroid Ryugu: What We Know So Far. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1448. [PMID: 37511823 PMCID: PMC10381145 DOI: 10.3390/life13071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 mission was tasked with returning samples from the C-complex asteroid Ryugu (1999 JU3), in order to shed light on the formation, evolution and composition of such asteroids. One of the main science objectives was to understand whether such bodies could have supplied the organic matter required for the origin of life on Earth. Here, a review of the studies concerning the organic matter within the Ryugu samples is presented. This review will inform the reader about the Hayabusa2 mission, the nature of the organic matter analyzed and the various interpretations concerning the analytical findings including those concerning the origin and evolution of organic matter from Ryugu. Finally, the review puts the findings and individual interpretations in the context of the current theories surrounding the formation and evolution of Ryugu. Overall, the summary provided here will help to inform those operating in a wide range of interdisciplinary fields, including planetary science, astrobiology, the origin of life and astronomy, about the most recent developments concerning the organic matter in the Ryugu return samples and their relevance to understanding our solar system and beyond. The review also outlines the issues that still remain to be solved and highlights potential areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Potiszil
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Chie Sakaguchi
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ota
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tak Kunihiro
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tanaka
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Katsura Kobayashi
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Eizo Nakamura
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
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Oba Y, Takano Y, Dworkin JP, Naraoka H. Ryugu asteroid sample return provides a natural laboratory for primordial chemical evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3107. [PMID: 37253735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Oba
- Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS), Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Jason P Dworkin
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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