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Ji HT, Song HY, Hou JC, Xu YD, Zeng LN, He WM. Recyclable V 2O 5/g-C 3N 4 Heterojunction-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Promoted C3-H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2-(1 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38874168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-initiated C-H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was established using a Z-scheme V2O5/g-C3N4 heterojunction as a recyclable photocatalyst in an inert atmosphere at room temperature under additive-free and mild conditions. A variety of trifluoromethylated quinoxalin-2-(1H)-one derivatives were heterogeneously generated in moderate to high yields, exhibiting good functional group tolerance. Remarkably, the recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hai-Yang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yao-Dan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li-Na Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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2
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Isanta B, Delgado A, Ciudad CJ, Busquets MA, Griera R, Llor N, Noé V. Synthesis and Validation of TRIFAPYs as a Family of Transfection Agents for Therapeutic Oligonucleotides. Biomolecules 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 38672408 PMCID: PMC11048556 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfection agents play a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells offering potential therapeutic solutions for genetic disorders. However, progress in this field needs the development of improved systems that guarantee efficient transfection. Here, we describe the synthesis of a set of chemical delivery agents (TRIFAPYs) containing alkyl chains of different lengths based on the 1,3,5-tris[(4-alkyloxy-1pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide structure. Their delivery properties for therapeutic oligonucleotides were evaluated using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) as a silencing tool. The binding of liposomes to PPRHs was evaluated by retardation assays in agarose gels. The complexes had a size of 125 nm as determined by DLS, forming well-defined concentrical vesicles as visualized by Cryo-TEM. The prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was used to study the internalization of the nanoparticles by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of entrance involved in the cellular uptake was mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity analyses determined the intrinsic toxicity caused by each TRIFAPY and the effect on cell viability upon transfection of a specific PPRH (HpsPr-C) directed against the antiapoptotic target survivin. TRIFAPYs C12-C18 were selected to expand these studies in the breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 opening the usage of TRIFAPYs for both sexes and, in the hCMEC/D3 cell line, as a model for the blood-brain barrier. The mRNA levels of survivin decreased, while apoptosis levels increased upon the transfection of HpsPr-C with these TRIFAPYs in PC-3 cells. Therefore, TRIFAPYs can be considered novel lipid-based vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Isanta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Ana Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mª Antònia Busquets
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Griera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Núria Llor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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3
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Hu HC, Wang ZP, Liang L, Du XY, Li T, Feng J, Xiao TT, Jin ZM, Ding SY, Liu Q, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ, Wang W. Bottom-Up Construction of Ni(II)-Incorporated Covalent Organic Framework for Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303476. [PMID: 38065837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an all-in-one catalyst, in which the photosensitizer and the transition metal site are close to each other, is important for improving the efficiency of metallaphotoredox catalysis. However, the development of convenient synthetic strategies for the precise construction of an all-in-one catalyst remains a challenging task due to the requirement of precise installation of the catalytic sites. Herein, we have successfully established a facile bottom-up strategy for the direct synthesis of Ni(II)-incorporated covalent organic framework (COF), named LZU-713@Ni, as a versatile all-in-one metallaphotoredox catalyst. LZU-713@Ni showed excellent activity and recyclability in the photoredox/nickel-catalyzed C-O, C-S, and C-P cross-coupling reactions. Notably, this catalyst displayed a better catalytic activity than its homogeneous analogues, physically mixed dual catalyst system, and, especially, LZU-713/Ni which was prepared through post-synthetic modification. The improved catalytic efficiency of LZU-713@Ni should be attributed to the implementation of bottom-up strategy, which incorporated the fixed, ordered, and abundant catalytic sites into its framework. This work sheds new light on the exploration of concise and effective strategies for the construction of multifunctional COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Ming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - San-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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Chueh LC, Lin TJ, Lee HC, Wu JJ. Defective Potassium Poly(Heptazine Imide) Preventing Spin Delocalization and Hole Transfer Deactivation for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304813. [PMID: 37752747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-site defective potassium poly(heptazine imide) (KPHI) with the central nitrogen atoms partially replaced by graphitic carbon atoms in the flawed heptazine rings is prepared by direct ionothermal treatment of the rationally designed supramolecular complex in KSCN salt molten. Compared to the KPHIs without the anti-site defect, the anti-site defective KPHI demonstrates significantly improved photocatalytic and dark photocatalytic performances for H2 evolution reaction (HER). In the presence of the hole scavenger, the anti-site defective KPHI exhibits superior photocatalytic stability for HER lasting 20 h, whereas the deactivation is observed from the ordinary KHPIs after 3 h HER. Moreover, the H2 yield in the dark by the stored photoelectrons in the anti-site defective KPHI increases by more than an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the anti-site defective unit in KPHI not only prevents spin delocalization but also inhibits the deactivation of hole transfer, which are beneficial to photoelectron storage and photocatalytic activity. The findings in this study provide insight into the photophysical and catalytic properties of KPHI, which conclude a strategy to improve the performances for solar energy conversion and storage by incorporating intrinsic anti-site defects in KPHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Che Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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5
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Filho JBG, Silva IF, Alafandi M, Rabeah J. Aerobic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Aqueous Medium over Fe-Doped-Poly(heptazine imide) Photocatalysts: Unveiling the Bad Role of Hydroxyl Radical Generation on the Catalytic Performance. Molecules 2023; 28:8077. [PMID: 38138567 PMCID: PMC10745455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation in aqueous media using visible photocatalysis is a green and sustainable route for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass derivatives. Several semiconductors have already been applied for this purpose; however, the use of Poly(heptazine imides), which has high crystallinity and a special cation exchange property that allows the replacement of the cation held between the layers of C3N4 structure by transition metal ions (TM), remains scarce. In this study, PHI(Na) was synthesized using a melamine/NaCl method and used as precursor to prepare metal (Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu)-doped PHI catalysts. The catalysts were tested for selective oxidation of HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) in water and O2 atmosphere under blue LED radiation. The catalytic results revealed that the 0.1 wt% PHI(Fe) catalyst is the most efficient photocatalyst while higher Fe loading (1 and 2 wt%) favors the formation of Fe3+ clusters, which are responsible for the drop in HMF oxidation. Moreover, the 0.1 wt% PHI(Fe) photocatalyst has strong oxidative power due to its efficiency in H2O2 production, thus boosting the generation of nonselective hydroxyl radicals (●OH) via different pathways that can destroy HMF. We found that using 50 mM, the highest DFF production rate (393 μmol·h-1·g-1) was obtained in an aqueous medium under visible light radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José B. G. Filho
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.B.G.F.); (M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ingrid F. Silva
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Mamdouh Alafandi
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.B.G.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.B.G.F.); (M.A.)
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Shi T, Zhang T, Yang J, Li Y, Shu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Zhang D, Hu W. Bifunctionality of dirhodium tetracarboxylates in metallaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7269. [PMID: 37949850 PMCID: PMC10638314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotocatalysis has been recognized as a pivotal catalysis enabling new reactivities. Traditional metallaphotocatalysis often requires two or more separate catalysts and exhibits flaw in cost and substrate-tolerance, thus representing an await-to-solve issue in catalysis. We herein realize metallaphotocatalysis with a bifunctional dirhodium tetracarboxylate ([Rh2]) alone. The [Rh2] shows an photocatalytic activity of promoting singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation. By harnessing its photocatalytic activity, the [Rh2] catalyzes a photochemical cascade reaction (PCR) via combination of carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry. The PCR is characterized by high atom-efficiency, excellent stereoselectivities, mild conditions, scalable synthesis, and pharmaceutically interesting products. DFT calculations-aided mechanistic study rationalizes the reaction pathway and interprets the origin of stereoselectivities of the PCR. The products show inhibitory activity against PTP1B, being promising in the treatment of type II diabetes and cancers. Overall, here we show the bifunctional [Rh2] merges Rh-carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yukai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jirong Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengchu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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