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Ghana P, Xiong S, Tekpor A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Henderson BS, Agapie T. Catalyst Editing via Post-Synthetic Functionalization by Phosphonium Generation and Anion Exchange for Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene/Acrylate Copolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18797-18803. [PMID: 38967615 PMCID: PMC11258788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, efficient development of homogeneous catalysts featuring desired performance is critical to numerous catalytic transformations but remains a key challenge. Typically, this task relies heavily on ligand design that is often based on trial and error. Herein, we demonstrate a "catalyst editing" strategy in Ni-catalyzed ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. Specifically, alkylation of a pendant phosphine followed by anion exchange provides a high yield strategy for a large number of cationic Ni phosphonium catalysts with varying electronic and steric profiles. These catalysts are highly active in ethylene/acrylate copolymerization, and their behaviors are correlated with the electrophile and the anion used in late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Ghana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shuoyan Xiong
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Adjeoda Tekpor
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brad C. Bailey
- Chemical
Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Heather A. Spinney
- Chemical
Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Briana S. Henderson
- Chemical
Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Lai J, Gao R, Gou Q, Li B, Zheng G, Zhang R, Yue Q, Song Z, Guo Z. Recent Advances in Nickel Catalysts with Industrial Exploitability for Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38932025 PMCID: PMC11207433 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers to produce functional polyolefins continues to be highly appealing due to its simple operation process and controllable product microstructure. Low-cost nickel catalysts have been extensively utilized in academia for the synthesis of polar polyethylenes. However, the development of high-temperature copolymerization catalysts suitable for industrial production conditions remains a significant challenge. Classified by the resultant copolymers, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress in nickel complex catalyzed ethylene-polar monomer copolymerization at elevated temperatures in the past five years. The polymerization results of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-tert-butyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-other fundamental polar monomer copolymers, and ethylene-special polar monomer copolymers are thoroughly summarized. The involved nickel catalysts include the phosphine-phenolate type, bisphosphine-monoxide type, phosphine-carbonyl type, phosphine-benzenamine type, and the phosphine-enolate type. The effective modulation of catalytic activity, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, melting point, and polar monomer incorporation ratio by these catalysts is concluded and discussed. It reveals that the optimization of the catalyst system is mainly achieved through the methods of catalyst structure rational design, extra additive introduction, and single-site catalyst heterogenization. As a result, some outstanding catalysts are capable of producing polar polyethylenes that closely resemble commercial products. To achieve industrialization, it is essential to further emphasize the fundamental science of high-temperature copolymerization systems and the application performance of resultant polar polyethylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (J.L.); (R.G.); (Q.G.); (B.L.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zifang Guo
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (J.L.); (R.G.); (Q.G.); (B.L.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Z.S.)
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3
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Tan C, Chen C. Synthesis of Polar-functionalized Isotactic Polypropylenes Using Commercial Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6837-6845. [PMID: 38426800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of polar-functionalized polypropylenes with high molecular weight and high stereoregularity represents a challenging task. This challenge becomes even more daunting when pursuing an industrially preferred heterogeneous process. This study demonstrated the realization of these goals through the use of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts in the copolymerization of propylene with ionic cluster polar monomers. The results revealed high copolymerization activity (∼1.1 × 107 g mol-1 h-1), moderate polar monomer incorporation ratios (∼4.9 mol %), high copolymer molecular weight (Mw > 105 g mol-1), high stereoregularity ([mmmm] ∼ 96%), and high melting temperature range (150-162 °C). The utilization of ionic cluster polar monomers improved the thermal stability as well as stereoselectivity of the catalyst. Moreover, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst can homopolymerize ionic cluster polar monomers with high activities (>104 g mol-1 h-1). The resulting polar-functionalized isotactic polypropylenes (iPP) exhibited superior tensile strength, impact strength, creep resistance, transparency, and crystallinity compared with nonpolar iPP. This enhancement was attributable to the dual roles of the ionic cluster polar monomer unit, serving as both a transparent nucleating agent and a dynamic cross-linking functionality. Furthermore, the polar-functionalized iPP exhibited improved compatibility with polar materials, offering benefits for applications in composites, recycling of mixed plastic wastes, 3D printing, and other fields. This study offered a comprehensive solution for the future industrial production of polar-functionalized iPP via copolymerization, bridging the gap between an efficient and practical copolymerization process from a synthetic chemistry perspective and enhanced material properties from an application perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Qu W, Bi Z, Zou C, Chen C. Light, Heat, and Force-Responsive Polyolefins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307568. [PMID: 38183385 PMCID: PMC10953547 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers have found applications as shape-memory materials, optical switches, and sensors, but the installation of these responsive properties in non-polar and inert polyolefins is challenging. In this contribution, a series of spiropyran (SP)-based comonomers are synthesized and copolymerized with ethylene or ethylene/cyclic monomers. In addition to great mechanical and surface properties, these functionalized polyolefins responded to light, heat, and force, which induced changes in the polymer structure to transmit color or mechanical signals. These interesting responsive properties are also installed in a series of commercial polyolefin materials through reactive extrusion, making the scalable production of these materials possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Zhengxing Bi
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Chen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
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Li X, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li Y, Tang L, Zhang W, Lu X, Li Y, Niu R, Qu J. High transparency, degradable and UV-protective poly(lactic acid) composites based on elongational rheology and chain extender assisted melt blending. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128469. [PMID: 38040153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional polylactic acid (PLA) melt plasticization and toughening processes are typically achieved at the expense of PLA strength and transparency, which is clearly detrimental to its application in areas such as smart home and food packaging. Herein, an ultraviolet (UV)-protective PLA-based composite (PP6) that simultaneously achieves high strength (63.3 MPa), high plasticity (125.3 %), and enhanced toughness (4.3 kJ/m2) by adding only 6 wt% poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) under the assist of 1 wt% chain extender was prepared using melt blending technique. Benefiting from the cross-linking effect of the chain extender and the elongational flow during processing, the compatibility between P34HB and PLA, as well as the thermomechanical properties, heat resistance, and biodegradable properties of the composite, have been enhanced significantly. The extremely low melt enthalpy (1.9 J/g) and the low crystallinity PLA phase contribute to an appropriate transparency (78.3 % of glass in 400-1100 nm). The prepared composites display mid- and long-wave UV-protective performance, which is superior to conventional industrial glasses. Through the superior elongational rheology technology, PP6 maintains favorable overall properties even after six thermomechanical cycles. Collectively, the composite fabricated in this work is an attractive candidate for future applications such as smart windows, food packaging, agricultural films, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- COFCO(Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- COFCO(Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- COFCO(Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- COFCO(Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- COFCO(Jilin) Bio-Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, PR China.
| | - Ran Niu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
| | - Jinping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
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6
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Liu C, Si J, Cao M, Zhao P, Dai Y, Xu H. Visualizing Chain Growth of Polytelluoxane via Polymerization Induced Emission. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304518. [PMID: 37715281 PMCID: PMC10625080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing polymer chain growth is always a hot topic for tailoring structure-function properties in polymer chemistry. However, current characterization methods are limited in their ability to differentiate the degree of polymerization in real-time without isolating the samples from the reaction vessel, let alone to detect insoluble polymers. Herein, a reliable relationship is established between polymer chain growth and fluorescence properties through polymerization induced emission. (TPE-C2)2 -Te is used to realize in situ oxidative polymerization, leading to the aggregation of fluorophores. The relationship between polymerization degree of growing polytelluoxane (PTeO) and fluorescence intensity is constructed, enabling real-time monitoring of the polymerization reaction. More importantly, this novel method can be further applied to the observation of the polymerization process for growing insoluble polymer via surface polymerization. Therefore, the development of visualization technology will open a new avenue for visualizing polymer chain growth in real-time, regardless of polymer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Jinyan Si
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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