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Liu H, Sun S, Li D, Lei Y. Catalyst development for O 2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7535-7554. [PMID: 38949820 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
O2-Assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (O2-ODHP) could convert abundant shale gas into propylene as an important chemical raw material, meaning O2-ODHP has practical significance. Thermodynamically, high temperature is beneficial for O2-ODHP; however, high reaction temperature always causes the overoxidation of propylene, leading to a decline in its selectivity. In this regard, it is crucial to achieve low temperatures while maintaining high efficiency and selectivity during O2-ODHP. The use of catalytic technology provides more opportunities for achieving high-efficiency O2-ODHP under mild conditions. Up to now, many kinds of catalytic systems have been elaborately designed, including transition metal oxide catalysts (such as vanadium-based catalysts, molybdenum-based catalysts, etc.), transition metal-based catalysts (such as Pt nanoclusters), rare earth metal oxide catalysts (especially CeO2 related catalysts), and non-metallic catalysts (BN, other B-containing catalysts, and C-based catalysts). In this review, we have summarized the development progress of mainstream catalysts in O2-ODHP, aiming at providing a clear picture to the catalysis community and advancing this research field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoyuan Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Dezheng Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Lei
- Departament de Química (Unitat de Química Inorgànica), Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Ma J, Guo W, Ni C, Chen X, Li W, Zheng J, Chen W, Luo Z, Wang J, Guo Y. Graphitized Carbon-Supported Co@Co 3O 4 for Ozone Decomposition over the Entire Humidity Range. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12189-12200. [PMID: 38838084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a significant concern due to its detrimental effects on human health and the ecosystem. Catalytic removal of O3 has proven to be the most efficient and cost-effective method. However, its practical application faces substantial challenges, particularly in relation to its effectiveness across the entire humidity range. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy termed "dual active sites" by employing graphitized carbon-loaded core-shell cobalt catalysts (Co@Co3O4-C). Co@Co3O4-C was synthesized via the pyrolysis of a Co-organic ligand as the precursor. By utilizing this approach, we achieved a nearly constant 100% working efficiency of the Co@Co3O4-C catalyst for catalyzing O3 decomposition across the entire humidity range. Physicochemical characterization coupled with density functional theory calculations elucidates that the presence of encapsulated metallic Co nanoparticles enhances the reactivity of the cobalt oxide capping layer. Additionally, the interface carbon atom, strongly influenced by adjacent metallic Co nuclei, functions as a secondary active site for the decomposition of O3 decomposition. The utilization of dual active sites effectively mitigates the competitive adsorption of H2O molecules, thus isolating them for adsorption in the cobalt oxide capping layer. This optimized configuration allows for the decomposition of O3 without interference from moisture. Furthermore, O3 decomposition monolithic catalysts were synthesized using a material extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, which demonstrated a low pressure drop and exceptional mechanical strength. This work provides a "dual active site" strategy for the O3 decomposition reaction, realizing O3 catalytic decomposition over the entire humidity range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiami Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Guo
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ni
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Luo
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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Zou Z, Shen Y, Zhang X, Li W, Chen C, Fan D, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wang G. Toward High-Performance Hydrogenation at Room Temperature Through Tailoring Nickel Catalysts Stable in Aqueous Solution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309303. [PMID: 38582516 PMCID: PMC11199984 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly active, reusable catalysts for aqueous-phase reactions is challenging. Herein, metallic nickel is encapsulated in a nitrogen-doped carbon-silica composite (SiO2@Ni@NC) as a catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of vanillin in aqueous media. The constructed catalyst achieved 99.8% vanillin conversion and 100% 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol selectivity at room temperature. Based on combined scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman analyses, the satisfactory catalytic performance is attributed to the composite structure consisting of an active metal, carbon, and silica. The hydrophilic silica core promoted dispersion of the catalyst in aqueous media. Moreover, the external hydrophobic NC layer has multiple functions, including preventing oxidation or leaching of the internal metal, acting as a reducing agent to reduce the internal metal, regulating the active-site microenvironment by enriching the concentrations of H2 and organic reactants, and modifying the electronic structure of the active metal via metal-support interactions. Density functional theory calculations indicated that NC facilitates vanillin adsorption and hydrogen dissociation to promote aqueous-phase hydrogenation. This study provides an efficient strategy for constructing encapsulated Ni-based amphiphilic catalysts to upgrade biomass-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
- Science Island BranchGraduate School of USTCHefei230026China
| | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
- Science Island BranchGraduate School of USTCHefei230026China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
| | - Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
- Science Island BranchGraduate School of USTCHefei230026China
| | - Diancai Fan
- Anhui Haoyuan Chemical Group Co., Ltd.Fuyang236056China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
- Science Island BranchGraduate School of USTCHefei230026China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and EnergyGold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityQueensland4222Australia
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy NanomaterialsInstitute of Solid State Phycis, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences350 Shushanhu roadHefei230031China
- Science Island BranchGraduate School of USTCHefei230026China
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Li C, Zhang H, Liu W, Sheng L, Cheng MJ, Xu B, Luo G, Lu Q. Efficient conversion of propane in a microchannel reactor at ambient conditions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:884. [PMID: 38287034 PMCID: PMC10825187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, primarily sourced from shale gas, holds promise in meeting the surging global demand for propylene. However, this process necessitates high operating temperatures, which amplifies safety concerns in its application due to the use of mixed propane and oxygen. Moreover, these elevated temperatures may heighten the risk of overoxidation, leading to carbon dioxide formation. Here we introduce a microchannel reaction system designed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane within an aqueous environment, enabling highly selective and active propylene production at room temperature and ambient pressure with mitigated safety risks. A propylene selectivity of over 92% and production rate of 19.57 mmol mCu-2 h-1 are simultaneously achieved. This exceptional performance stems from the in situ creation of a highly active, oxygen-containing Cu catalytic surface for propane activation, and the enhanced propane transfer via an enlarged gas-liquid interfacial area and a reduced diffusion path by establishing a gas-liquid Taylor flow using a custom-made T-junction microdevice. This microchannel reaction system offers an appealing approach to accelerate gas-liquid-solid reactions limited by the solubility of gaseous reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Yang S, Wei Y, Li X, Mao J, Mei B, Xu Q, Li X, Jiang Z. Construction of High-Density Binuclear Site Catalysts from Double Framework Interfaces at the Cooling Stage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313029. [PMID: 37823848 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-nuclear site catalysts with dual atoms have the potential for applications in energy and catalysis chemistry. Understanding the formation mechanism of dual metal sites is crucial for optimizing local structures and designing desired binuclear sites catalysts. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the formation process of dual atoms through the pyrolysis of the interface of a double framework using Zn atoms in metal-organic frameworks and Co atoms in covalent organic frameworks. We unambiguously revealed that the cooling stage is the key point to form the binuclear sites by employing the in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum technique. The binuclear site catalysts show higher activity and selectivity than single dispersed atom catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. This work guides us to synthesize and optimize the various binuclear sites for extensive catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P.R. China
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Gao G, Liu W, Liu Z, Li Z, Xu H, Huang W, Yan N, Qu Z. Electron Donation from Boron Suboxides via Strong p-d Orbital Hybridization Boosts Molecular O 2 Activation on Ru/TiO 2 for Low-Temperature Dibromomethane Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17566-17576. [PMID: 37906097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature catalytic oxidation is of significance to the degradation of halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) to avoid hazardous byproducts with low energy consumption. Efficient molecular oxygen (O2) activation is pivotal to it but usually limited by the insufficient electron cloud density at the metal center. Herein, Ru-B catalysts with enhanced electron density around Ru were designed to achieve efficient O2 activation, realizing dibromomethane (DBM) degradation T90 at 182 °C on RuB1/TiO2 (about 30 °C lower than pristine Ru/TiO2) with a TOFRu value of 0.055 s-1 (over 8 times that of Ru/TiO2). Compared to the limited electron transfer (0.02 e) on pristine Ru/TiO2, the Ru center gained sufficient negative charges (0.31 e) from BOx via strong p-d orbital hybridization. The Ru-B site then acted as the electron donor complexing with the 2π* antibonding orbital of O2 to realize the O2 dissociative activation. The reactive oxygen species formed thereby could initiate a fast conversion and oxidation of formate intermediates, thus eventually boosting the low-temperature catalytic activity. Furthermore, we found that the Ru-B sites for O2 activation have adaptation for pollutant removal and multiple metal availability. Our study shed light on robust O2 activation catalyst design based on electron density adjustment by boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Synergistic Control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions in Key Industries, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Zhisong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zihao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haomiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Tian H, Li W, He L, Zhong Y, Xu S, Xiao H, Xu B. Rationalizing kinetic behaviors of isolated boron sites catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6520. [PMID: 37845252 PMCID: PMC10579386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron-based catalysts exhibit high alkene selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) but the mechanistic understanding remains incomplete. In this work, we show that the hydroxylation of framework boron species via steaming not only enhances the ODHP rate on both B-MFI and B-BEA, but also impacts the kinetics of the reaction. The altered activity, propane reaction order and the activation energy could be attributed to the hydrolysis of framework [B(OSi≡)3] unit to [B(OSi≡)3-x(OH···O(H)Si≡)x] (x = 1, 2, "···" represents hydrogen bonding). DFT calculations confirm that hydroxylated framework boron sites could stabilize radical species, e.g., hydroperoxyl radical, further facilitating the gas-phase radical mechanism. Variations in the contributions from gas-phase radical mechanisms in ODHP lead to the linear correlation between activation enthalpy and entropy on borosilicate zeolites. Insights gained in this work offer a general mechanistic framework to rationalize the kinetic behavior of the ODHP on boron-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhai He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yunzhu Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Wang G, Chen S, Duan Q, Wei F, Lin S, Xie Z. Surface Chemistry and Catalytic Reactivity of Borocarbonitride in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307470. [PMID: 37523147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Borocarbonitride (BCN) materials are newly developed oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts that can efficiently convert alkanes to alkenes. However, BCN materials tend to form bulky B2 O3 due to over-oxidation at the high reaction temperature, resulting in significant deactivation. Here, we report a series of super stable BCN nanosheets for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) reaction. The catalytic performance of the BCN nanosheets can be easily regulated by changing the guanine dosage. The control experiment and structural characterization indicate that the introduction of a suitable amount of carbon could prevent the formation of excessive B2 O3 from BCN materials and maintain the 2D skeleton at a high temperature of 520 °C. The best-performing catalyst BCN exhibits 81.9 % selectivity towards olefins with a stable propane conversion of 35.8 %, and the propene productivity reaches 16.2 mmol h-1 g-1 , which is much better than hexagonal BN (h-BN) catalysts. Density functional theory calculation results show that the presence of dispersed rather than aggregated carbon atoms can significantly affect the electronic microenvironment of h-BN, thereby boosting the catalytic activity of BCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fenfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zailai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, 350016, Fuzhou, China
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