1
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Raoul JL, Hansten PD. Proton pump inhibitors and cancer treatments: Emerging evidence against coadministration. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102794. [PMID: 38968741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in cancer patients despite accumulating data showing that they can impact the efficacy of major anticancer drugs. This is particularly important with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). RESULTS Most TKIs require gastric acidity for their absorption and some retrospective series demonstrated that coprescription decreases the survival benefit of some TKI use (erlotinib, gefitinib and pazopanib). Relations between microbiota, the immune system, and the efficacy of immunotherapy are now obvious, just as modifications to gut flora after PPIs use are well-known. Many retrospective articles, including articles based on individual-participant data from randomized studies, demonstrated that patients treated with CPIs have a poorer outcome (overall survival, progression-free survival and response rate) when they received PPIs concomitantly, while there was no impact of such coprescription among patients in control arms, not treated with immunotherapies. Similar data were also observed in patients treated with palbociclib. CONCLUSION For these interactions, it is very important to use the precautionary principle and warn patients and physicians about this. In patients who require acid suppression because of severe symptoms, using antacids or H2 blockers could be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Raoul
- Department of Clinical Research, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.
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2
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Liu M, Lu Y, Xue G, Han L, Jia H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu P, Yang C, Zhou Y. Role of short-chain fatty acids in host physiology. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38940192 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major metabolites produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber, and they have garnered significant attention due to their close association with host health. As important mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, SCFAs serve as energy substrates for intestinal epithelial cells and maintain homeostasis in host immune and energy metabolism by influencing host epigenetics, activating G protein-coupled receptors, and inhibiting pathogenic microbial infections. This review provides a comprehensive summary of SCFAs synthesis and metabolism and offering an overview of the latest research progress on their roles in protecting gut health, enhancing energy metabolism, mitigating diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes, modulating the gut-brain axis and gut-lung axis, and promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yubo Lu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Xue
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Han
- Prevention Health Section, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrical, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Kotlyarov S. Importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-liver axis in normal and liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:878-882. [PMID: 38948437 PMCID: PMC11212653 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is of growing interest to clinicians and researchers. This is because there is a growing understanding that the gut microbiota performs many different functions, including involvement in metabolic and immune processes that are systemic in nature. The liver, with its important role in detoxifying and metabolizing products from the gut, is at the forefront of interactions with the gut microbiota. Many details of these interactions are not yet known to clinicians and researchers, but there is growing evidence that normal gut microbiota function is important for liver health. At the same time, factors affecting the gut microbiota, including nutrition or medications, may also have an effect through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390026, Russia.
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4
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Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH. Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8. [PMID: 38565643 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ying Ka Lam
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Sun J, Chen S, Zang D, Sun H, Sun Y, Chen J. Butyrate as a promising therapeutic target in cancer: From pathogenesis to clinic (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:44. [PMID: 38426581 PMCID: PMC10919761 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The etiology of cancer has not been fully elucidated yet, and further enhancements are necessary to optimize therapeutic efficacy. Butyrate, a short‑chain fatty acid, is generated through gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber. Studies have unveiled the relevance of butyrate in malignant neoplasms, and a comprehensive understanding of its role in cancer is imperative for realizing its full potential in oncological treatment. Its full antineoplastic effects via the activation of G protein‑coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases have been also confirmed. However, the underlying mechanistic details remain unclear. The present study aimed to review the involvement of butyrate in carcinogenesis and its molecular mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on its association with the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, as well as discussing relevant clinical studies on butyrate as a therapeutic target for neoplastic diseases to provide new insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Hetian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Thoracic Neoplasms, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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6
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Yang J, Gao H, Zhang T, Fan Y, Wu Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Wu L, Zhao H, Yang L, Zhong H, Li L, Xie X, Wu Q. In Vitro Lactic Acid Bacteria Anti-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Effect and Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota in Fecal Cultures from HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Nutrients 2024; 16:600. [PMID: 38474727 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), being ranked as the top fifth most prevalent cancer globally, poses a significant health challenge, with a considerable mortality rate. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection stands as the primary factor contributing to HCC, presenting substantial challenges in its treatment. This study aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with anti-HBV properties and evaluate their impact on the intestinal flora in HBV-associated HCC. Initially, two LAB strains, Levilactobacillus brevis SR52-2 (L. brevis SR52-2) and LeviLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaicus Q80 (L. delbrueckii Q80), exhibiting anti-HBV effects, were screened in vitro from a pool of 498 LAB strains through cell experiments, with extracellular expression levels of 0.58 ± 0.05 and 0.65 ± 0.03, respectively. These strains exhibited the capability of inhibiting the expression of HBeAg and HBsAg. Subsequent in vitro fermentation, conducted under simulated anaerobic conditions mimicking the colon environment, revealed a decrease in pH levels in both the health control (HC) and HCC groups influenced by LAB, with a more pronounced effect observed in the HC group. Additionally, the density of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the HCC group. Analysis of 16S rRNA highlighted differences in the gut microbiota (GM) community structure in cultures treated with L. brevis SR52-2 and L. delbrueckii Q80. Fecal microflora in normal samples exhibited greater diversity compared to HBV-HCC samples. The HCC group treated with LAB showed a significant increase in the abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, while Proteobacteria significantly decreased compared to the untreated HCC group after 48 h. In conclusion, the findings indicate that LAB, specifically L. brevis SR52-2 and L. delbrueckii Q80, possessing antiviral properties, contribute to an improvement in gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - He Gao
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yong Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Lei Wu
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Lingshuang Yang
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Haojie Zhong
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longyan Li
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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7
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Xu J, Xia Q, Wu T, Shao Y, Wang Y, Jin N, Tian P, Wu L, Lu X. Prophylactic treatment with Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum counteracts hepatic NK cell immune tolerance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2302065. [PMID: 38196273 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2302065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic immune constitution. Here, we aimed to investigate the hepatic immunological state in NASH, with a specific emphasis on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, we aimed to identify the contributing species that target hepatic immunity to provide new directions and support the feasibility of immunotherapy for NASH. A possible NASH population was determined by combination of long-term severe fatty liver, metabolic disorders and increased serum CK18 to detect serum immune factors and gut microbiota. NASH was induced in mice fed a high-fat diet to verify the prophylactic effect of the functional species on the immunopathology and development of NASH. Hepatic immunologic state was examined, and the effector functions of NK cells were detected. Hepatic transcriptome, proteomic, and fecal metagenome were performed. We observed a statistical increase in serum IL-10 (p < 0.001) and non-statistical decrease in interferon-γ and IL-6 in NASH population, hinting at the possibility of immune tolerance. Fecal Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum were abundant in healthy population but depleted in NASH patients. In NASH mice, hepatic CD8+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were increased (p < 0.01), and NK cells were inhibited, which were identified with decreased granzyme B (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum improved hepatic pathological and metabolic cues, increased hepatic NK cells and reduced macrophages (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis also restored hepatic NK cell function, which was identified as increased CD107a (p < 0.05). Transcriptional and translational profiling revealed that the functional species might restore the function of hepatic NK cells through multiple pathways, such as reduction of inhibitory molecules in NK cells. Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum are novel prophylactics for NASH that restore the impaired function of hepatic NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoyun Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Citizen Health, Community Health Service Center of Jinxi Town, Kunshan, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Department of Citizen Health, Community Health Service Center of Jinxi Town, Kunshan, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nuyun Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Longyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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8
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Yang Q, Cai Y, Guo S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yu X, Sun W, Qiu S, Zhang A. Decoding immune interactions of gut microbiota for understanding the mechanisms of diseases and treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1238822. [PMID: 38130945 PMCID: PMC10733502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Good Agricultural Practices Center and Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Good Agricultural Practices Center and Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Good Agricultural Practices Center and Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wanying Sun
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, International Joint Research Center on Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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9
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Eom JA, Jeong JJ, Han SH, Kwon GH, Lee KJ, Gupta H, Sharma SP, Won SM, Oh KK, Yoon SJ, Joung HC, Kim KH, Kim DJ, Suk KT. Gut-microbiota prompt activation of natural killer cell on alcoholic liver disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281014. [PMID: 37988132 PMCID: PMC10730232 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is rich in innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T cells, and Kupffer cells associated with the gut microbiome. These immune cells are dysfunctional owing to alcohol consumption. However, there is insufficient data on the association between immune cells and gut microbiome in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic strains on NK cells in ALD patients. In total, 125 human blood samples [control (n = 22), alcoholic hepatitis (n = 43), and alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 60]) were collected for flow cytometric analysis. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (normal, EtOH-fed, and 2 EtOH+strain groups [Phocaeicola dorei and Lactobacillus helveticus]). Lymphocytes isolated from mouse livers were analyzed using flow cytometry. The frequency of NK cells increased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and decreased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The expression of NKp46, an NK cell-activating receptor, was decreased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to that in the control group. The number of cytotoxic CD56dimCD16+ NK cells was significantly reduced in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. We tested the effect of oral administration P. dorei and L. helveticus in EtOH-fed mice. P. dorei and L. helveticus improved liver inflammation and intestinal barrier damage caused by EtOH supply and increased NK cell activity. Therefore, these observations suggest that the gut microbiome may ameliorate ALD by regulating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Eom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Hyun Kwon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Lee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Kwang Oh
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chae Joung
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Anderson G. Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:962-993. [PMID: 37970210 PMCID: PMC10645470 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated circadian rhythm is significantly associated with cancer risk, as is aging. Both aging and circadian dysregulation show suppressed pineal melatonin, which is indicated in many studies to be linked to cancer risk and progression. Another independently investigated aspect of the circadian rhythm is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), which is linked to stress-associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CAR and HPA axis activity are primarily mediated via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which drives patterned gene expression via binding to the promotors of glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-expressing genes. Recent data shows that the GR can be prevented from nuclear translocation by the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 1 (BAG-1), which translocates the GR to mitochondria, where it can have diverse effects. Melatonin also suppresses GR nuclear translocation by maintaining the GR in a complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Melatonin, directly and/or epigenetically, can upregulate BAG-1, suggesting that the dramatic 10-fold decrease in pineal melatonin from adolescence to the ninth decade of life will attenuate the capacity of night-time melatonin to modulate the effects of the early morning CAR. The interactions of pineal melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90 with the CAR are proposed to underpin how aging and circadian dysregulation are associated with cancer risk. This may be mediated via differential effects of melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90/GR in different cells of microenvironments across the body, from which tumors emerge. This provides a model of cancer pathogenesis that better integrates previously disparate bodies of data, including how immune cells are regulated by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, at least partly via the cancer cell regulation of the tryptophan-melatonin pathway. This has a number of future research and treatment implications.
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Mandal RK, Schmidt NW. Mechanistic insights into the interaction between the host gut microbiome and malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011665. [PMID: 37824458 PMCID: PMC10569623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease and significant global health burden caused by the bite of a Plasmodium-infected female Anopheles mosquito. Gut microbiota was recently discovered as a risk factor of severe malaria. This review entails the recent advances on the impact of gut microbiota composition on malaria severity and consequence of malaria infection on gut microbiota in mammalian hosts. Additionally, this review provides mechanistic insight into interactions that might occur between gut microbiota and host immunity which in turn can modulate malaria severity. Finally, approaches to modulate gut microbiota composition are discussed. We anticipate this review will facilitate novel hypotheses to move the malaria-gut microbiome field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K. Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
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