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Qiao Z, Do PH, Yeo JY, Ero R, Li Z, Zhan L, Basak S, Gao YG. Structural insights into polyamine spermidine uptake by the ABC transporter PotD-PotABC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado8107. [PMID: 39303029 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines, characterized by their polycationic nature, are ubiquitously present in all organisms and play numerous cellular functions. Among polyamines, spermidine stands out as the predominant type in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The PotD-PotABC protein complex in Escherichia coli, belonging to the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter family, is a spermidine-preferential uptake system. Here, we report structural details of the polyamine uptake system PotD-PotABC in various states. Our analyses reveal distinct "inward-facing" and "outward-facing" conformations of the PotD-PotABC transporter, as well as conformational changes in the "gating" residues (F222, Y223, D226, and K241 in PotB; Y219 and K223 in PotC) controlling spermidine uptake. Therefore, our structural analysis provides insights into how the PotD-PotABC importer recognizes the substrate-binding protein PotD and elucidates molecular insights into the spermidine uptake mechanism of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Phong Hoa Do
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Rya Ero
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Zhuowen Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sandip Basak
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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Sikora J, Dovero S, Kinet R, Arotcarena ML, Bohic S, Bezard E, Fernagut PO, Dehay B. Nigral ATP13A2 depletion induces Parkinson's disease-related neurodegeneration in a pilot study in non-human primates. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:141. [PMID: 39090150 PMCID: PMC11294619 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal impairment is strongly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the several PD-linked genes, the ATP13A2 gene, associated with the PARK9 locus, encodes a transmembrane lysosomal P5-type ATPase. Mutations in the ATP13A2 gene were primarily identified as the cause of Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS), a juvenile-onset form of PD. Subsequently, an increasing list of several mutations has been described. These mutations result in truncation of the ATP13A2 protein, leading to a loss of function but surprisingly causing heterogeneity and variability in the clinical symptoms associated with different brain pathologies. In vitro studies show that its loss compromises lysosomal function, contributing to cell death. To understand the role of ATP13A2 dysfunction in disease, we disrupted its expression through a viral vector-based approach in nonhuman primates. Here, in this pilot study, we injected bilaterally into the substantia nigra of macaques, a lentiviral vector expressing an ATP13A2 small hairpin RNA. Animals were terminated five months later, and brains were harvested and compared with historical non-injected control brains to evaluate cerebral pathological markers known to be affected in KRS and PD. We characterised the pattern of dopaminergic loss in the striatum and the substantia nigra, the regional distribution of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in several brain structures, and its pathological status (i.e., S129 phosphorylation), the accumulation of heavy metals in nigral sections and occurrence of lysosomal dysfunction. This proof-of-concept experiment highlights the potential value of lentivirus-mediated ATP13A2 silencing to induce significant and ongoing degeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway, α-synuclein pathology, and iron accumulation in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sikora
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. De Poitiers, INSERM, LNEC, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Rémi Kinet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sylvain Bohic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine (STROBE), Grenoble, France
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Pochini L. Involvement of mammalian SoLute Carriers (SLC) in the traffic of polyamines. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1452184. [PMID: 39130372 PMCID: PMC11310933 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1452184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines interact with different molecular targets to regulate a vast range of cellular processes. A network of enzymes and transport systems is crucial for the maintenance of polyamine homeostasis. Indeed, polyamines after synthesis must be distributed to the various tissues and some intracellular organelles. Differently from the well characterized enzymes devoted to polyamine synthesis, the transport systems are not unequivocally identified or characterized. Besides some ATPases which have been identified as polyamine transporters, much less is known about solute carriers (SLC) involved in the transport of these compounds. Only two SLCs have been unequivocally identified as polyamine transporters: SLC18B1 (VPAT) and SLC22A4 (OCTN1). Transport studies have been performed with cells transfected with the cDNAs encoding the two and other SLCs or, in the case of OCTN1, also by in vitro assay using proteoliposomes harboring the recombinant human protein. According to the role proposed for OCTN1, polyamines have been associated with prolonged and quality of life. This review provides an update on the most recent findings concerning the polyamine transporters or the prediction of the putative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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Pérez-Pertejo Y, García-Estrada C, Martínez-Valladares M, Murugesan S, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R. Polyamine Metabolism for Drug Intervention in Trypanosomatids. Pathogens 2024; 13:79. [PMID: 38251386 PMCID: PMC10820115 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases transmitted by trypanosomatids include three major human scourges that globally affect the world's poorest people: African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease and different types of leishmaniasis. Different metabolic pathways have been targeted to find antitrypanosomatid drugs, including polyamine metabolism. Since their discovery, the naturally occurring polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, have been considered important metabolites involved in cell growth. With a complex metabolism involving biosynthesis, catabolism and interconversion, the synthesis of putrescine and spermidine was targeted by thousands of compounds in an effort to produce cell growth blockade in tumor and infectious processes with limited success. However, the discovery of eflornithine (DFMO) as a curative drug against sleeping sickness encouraged researchers to develop new molecules against these diseases. Polyamine synthesis inhibitors have also provided insight into the peculiarities of this pathway between the host and the parasite, and also among different trypanosomatid species, thus allowing the search for new specific chemical entities aimed to treat these diseases and leading to the investigation of target-based scaffolds. The main molecular targets include the enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis (ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase), enzymes participating in their uptake from the environment, and the enzymes involved in the redox balance of the parasite. In this review, we summarize the research behind polyamine-based treatments, the current trends, and the main challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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Xin J, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Geng H, Wang Y, Song Y, Liang J, Yan K. Structural insights into AtABCG25, an angiosperm-specific abscisic acid exporter. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100776. [PMID: 38050355 PMCID: PMC10811370 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular hormone homeostasis is essential for precise spatial and temporal signaling responses and plant fitness. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays pivotal roles in orchestrating various developmental and stress responses and confers fitness benefits over ecological and evolutionary timescales in terrestrial plants. Cellular ABA level is regulated by complex processes, including biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. AtABCG25 is the first ABA exporter identified through genetic screening and affects diverse ABA responses. Resolving the structural basis of ABA export by ABCG25 is critical for further manipulations of ABA homeostasis and plant fitness. We used cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the structural dynamics of AtABCG25 and successfully characterized different states, including apo AtABCG25, ABA-bound AtABCG25, and ATP-bound AtABCG25 (E232Q). Notably, AtABCG25 forms a homodimer that features a deep, slit-like cavity in the transmembrane domain, and we precisely characterized the critical residues in the cavity where ABA binds. ATP binding triggers closure of the nucleotide-binding domains and conformational transitions in the transmembrane domains. We show that AtABCG25 belongs to a conserved ABCG subfamily that originated during the evolution of angiosperms. This subfamily neofunctionalized to regulate seed germination via the endosperm, in concert with the evolution of this angiosperm-specific, embryo-nourishing tissue. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the intricate substrate recognition and transport mechanisms of the ABA exporter AtABCG25, paving the way for genetic manipulation of ABA homeostasis and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yeling Zhou
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yichun Qiu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - He Geng
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kaige Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Croucher KM, Fleming SM. ATP13A2 (PARK9) and basal ganglia function. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1252400. [PMID: 38249738 PMCID: PMC10796451 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1252400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP13A2 is a lysosomal protein involved in polyamine transport with loss of function mutations associated with multiple neurodegenerative conditions. These include early onset Parkinson's disease, Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While ATP13A2 mutations may result in clinical heterogeneity, the basal ganglia appear to be impacted in the majority of cases. The basal ganglia is particularly vulnerable to environmental exposures such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial agents which are also established risk factors for many neurodegenerative conditions. Not surprisingly then, impaired function of ATP13A2 has been linked to heavy metal toxicity including manganese, iron, and zinc. This review discusses the role of ATP13A2 in basal ganglia function and dysfunction, potential common pathological mechanisms in ATP13A2-related disorders, and how gene x environment interactions may contribute to basal ganglia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Croucher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Sheila M. Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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