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Zhang D, Pan P, Du X, Kang X, Zhu M. Rethinking the stability of metal nanoclusters: the individual versus the collective. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11513-11517. [PMID: 38835330 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Research on the stability of metal nanoclusters and their molecular/supramolecular chemistry has proceeded significantly independently thus far. We herein have demonstrated that the stability of a nanocluster-based system should be assessed from both the cluster individual aspect (i.e., the energy of the molecular conformer) and the cluster collective aspect (i.e., the energy of the supramolecular lattice). A pair of Au2Cu6 cluster polymorphs, including Au2Cu6-triclinic and Au2Cu6-trigonal, was developed here to reveal the energy and stability contributions of both cluster conformers and crystalline lattices to their total systems. This work hopefully promotes a comprehensive understanding of the stability of cluster-based nano-systems which is beneficial for their downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Material, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Peiyao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Material, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Material, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Material, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Material, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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Liu LJ, Zhang MM, Deng Z, Yan LL, Lin Y, Phillips DL, Yam VWW, He J. NIR-II emissive anionic copper nanoclusters with intrinsic photoredox activity in single-electron transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4688. [PMID: 38824144 PMCID: PMC11144245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasmall copper nanoclusters have recently emerged as promising photocatalysts for organic synthesis, owing to their exceptional light absorption ability and large surface areas for efficient interactions with substrates. Despite significant advances in cluster-based visible-light photocatalysis, the types of organic transformations that copper nanoclusters can catalyze remain limited to date. Herein, we report a structurally well-defined anionic Cu40 nanocluster that emits in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) after photoexcitation and can conduct single-electron transfer with fluoroalkyl iodides without the need for external ligand activation. This photoredox-active copper nanocluster efficiently catalyzes the three-component radical couplings of alkenes, fluoroalkyl iodides, and trimethylsilyl cyanide under blue-LED irradiation at room temperature. A variety of fluorine-containing electrophiles and a cyanide nucleophile can be added onto an array of alkenes, including styrenes and aliphatic olefins. Our current work demonstrates the viability of using readily accessible metal nanoclusters to establish photocatalytic systems with a high degree of practicality and reaction complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, China
| | - Mao-Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Materials Innovation Institute for Life Sciences and Energy (MILES), HKU-SIRI, Shenzhen, China.
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Bai M, Qin L, Zeng XM, Wu M, Yao LY, Yang GY. Dithiocarbonate-Protected Au 25 Nanorods of a Chiral D5 Configuration and NIR-II Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12734-12742. [PMID: 38592928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Innovative surface-protecting ligands are in constant demand due to their crucial role in shaping the configuration, property, and application of gold nanoclusters. Here, the unprecedented O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (DTX)-stabilized atomically precise gold nanoclusters, [Au25(PPh3)10(DTX)5Cl2]2+ (Au25DTX-Cl) and [Au25(PPh3)10(DTX)5Br2]2+ (Au25DTX-Br), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The introduction of bidentate DTX ligands not only endowed the gold nanocluster with unique staggered Au25 nanorod configurations but also generated the symmetry breaking from the D5d geometry of the Au25 kernels to the chiral D5 configuration of the Au25 molecules. The chirality of Au25 nanorods was notably revealed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and chiral separation was induced by employing chiral DTX ligands. The staggered configurations of Au25 nanorods, as opposed to eclipsed ones, were responsible for the large red shift in the emission wavelengths, giving rise to a promising near-infrared II (NIR-II, >1000 nm) phosphorescence. Furthermore, their performances in photocatalytic sulfide oxidation and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions have been examined, and it has been demonstrated that the outstanding catalytic activity of gold nanoclusters is highly related to their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Minjian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Liao-Yuan Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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Lei YM, Wu D, Pan MC, Tao XL, Zeng WJ, Gan LY, Chai YQ, Yuan R, Zhuo Y. Dynamic surface reconstruction of individual gold nanoclusters by using a co-reactant enables color-tunable electrochemiluminescence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3255-3261. [PMID: 38425534 PMCID: PMC10901519 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report for the first time the phenomenon of continuously color-tunable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from individual gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) confined in a porous hydrogel matrix by adjusting the concentration of the co-reactant. Specifically, the hydrogel-confined Au NCs exhibit strong dual-color ECL in an aqueous solution with triethylamine (TEA) as a co-reactant, with a record-breaking quantum yield of 95%. Unlike previously reported Au NCs, the ECL origin of the hydrogel-confined Au NCs is related to both the Au(0) kernel and the Au(i)-S surface. Surprisingly, the surface-related ECL of Au NCs exhibits a wide color-tunable range of 625-829 nm, but the core-related ECL remains constant at 489 nm. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the color-tunable ECL is caused by the dynamic surface reconstruction of Au NCs and TEA radicals. This work opens up new avenues for dynamically manipulating the ECL spectra of core-shell emitters in biosensing and imaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Mei-Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xiu-Li Tao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei-Jia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Li-Yong Gan
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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Zhou Y, Gu W, Wang R, Zhu W, Hu Z, Fei W, Zhuang S, Li J, Deng H, Xia N, He J, Wu Z. Controlled Sequential Doping of Metal Nanocluster. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2226-2233. [PMID: 38251911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise doping of metal nanoclusters provides excellent opportunities not only for subtly tailoring their properties but also for in-depth understanding of composition (structure)-property correlation of metal nanoclusters and has attracted increasing interest partly due to its significance for fundamental research and practical applications. Although single and multiple metal atom doping of metal nanoclusters (NCs) has been achieved, sequential single-to-multiple metal atom doping is still a big challenge and has not yet been reported. Herein, by introducing a second ligand, a novel multistep synthesis method was developed, controlled sequential single-to-multiple metal atom doping was successfully achieved for the first time, and three doped NCs Au25Cd1(p-MBT)17(PPh3)2, Au18Cd2(p-MBT)14(PPh3)2, and [Au19Cd3(p-MBT)18]- (p-MBTH: para-methylbenzenethiol) were obtained, including two novel NCs that were precisely characterized via mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and so forth. Furthermore, sequential doping-induced evolutions in the atomic and crystallographic structures and optical and catalytic properties of NCs were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wanmiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Zhu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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Zhu Y, Tang Y, Miao P. Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Gold Nanoclusters for pH Indicating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1130-1136. [PMID: 38149375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is critical to understand the unique features of the nanomaterials, which also benefits their further applications. Herein, 6-methyl-2-thiouracil (CH3-2-TU) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized AuNCs are prepared, and the ICT behaviors are carefully studied. Protonation or deprotonation of the ligands around AuNCs could be used to regulate the ICT state, influencing the electron distribution and band gap. Shifted fluorescence emission phenomena are thus observed, which respond to external pH stimuli. In addition, the AuNCs are developed as color-switchable indicators for the highly sensitive detection of biogenic amines. As a proof of concept, the performance of this strategy in the evaluation of food spoilage by probing pH conditions is validated with satisfactory results. The discoveries in this work offer a convenient route to regulate the optical properties of AuNCs and the design of pH-based sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuguo Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Peng Miao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai, Weihai 264200, China
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Shi Y, Lv Y, Wang C, Yu H. Activity of Different Au nS n+1 Staples in the Ligand Exchange of Au 23(SR) 16- with a Single Foreign Thiolate Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9022-9029. [PMID: 37874272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange has been widely used to synthesize novel thiolated gold nanoclusters and to regulate their specific properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate the kinetic profiles of the ligand exchange of the [Au23(SCy)16]- nanocluster with an aromatic thiolate (2-napthalenethiol). The three types of staple motifs (i.e., trimetallic Au3S4, monometallic AuS2, and the bridging thiolates) of the Au23 cluster precursor could be categorized into eight groups of S sites with different chemical environments. The ligand exchange of all of them occurs favorably via the SN1-like pathway, with one site starting with the Au-S dissociation and seven other sites starting with the H-transfer steps. By contrast, the SN2-like pathway (i.e., the synergistic SCy-to-SAr exchange prior to the H-transfer step) is unlikely in the target systems. Meanwhile, the Au-S bond on the capping Au atom of the bicapped icosahedral Au15 core is the most active one, while the S sites on Au3S4 (except for the one remote from the metallic core) are all competitive exchanging sites. The ligand exchange activity of the bridging thiolate and the remote S site on Au3S4 is significantly less reactive. The calculation results correlate with the multiple ligand exchange within only a few minutes and the preferential etching of the AuS2 staple with the foreign ligands reported in earlier experiments. The relative activity of different staples might be helpful in elucidating the inherent principles in the ligand exchange-induced size-evolution of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
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Wang M, Chen Y, Tang C. Recent Advances in Ligand Engineering for Gold Nanocluster Catalysis: Ligand Library, Ligand Effects and Strategies. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300463. [PMID: 37552000 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in new ligands in the last decade facilitated in-depth studies on the property-relationship of gold nanoclusters and promoted the rational synthesis and related applications of such materials. Currently, more and more new ligands are being explored; thus, the ligand library of AuNCs is being expanded fast, which also enables investigation of ligand effects of AuNCs via direct comparison of different ligating shell with the identical gold core. It is now widely accepted that ligands influence the properties of AuNCs enormously including stability, catalysis, photoluminescence among others. These studies inspired ligand engineering of AuNCs. One of the goals for ligand engineering is to develop ligated AuNC catalysts in which the ligands are able to exert big-enough influence on electronic and steric control over catalysis as in a transition-metal or an enzyme system. Although increasing attention is paid to the further expansion of ligand library, the investigation of design principles and strategies regarding ligands are still in their infant stage. This review summarizes the ligands for AuNC synthesis, the ligand effects on stability and catalysis, and recently developed strategies in promoting AuNC catalytic performance via ligand manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institution National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institution National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Cen Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institution National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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