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Kent RS, Ward GE. Motility-dependent processes in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites: same same but different. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.28.615543. [PMID: 39386639 PMCID: PMC11463423 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.28.615543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The tachyzoite stage of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii utilizes motility for multiple purposes during its lytic cycle, including host cell invasion, egress from infected cells, and migration to new uninfected host cells to repeat the process. Bradyzoite stage parasites, which establish a new infection in a naïve host, must also use motility to escape from the cysts that are ingested by the new host and then migrate to the gut wall, where they either invade cells of the intestinal epithelium or squeeze between these cells to infect the underlying connective tissue. We know very little about the motility of bradyzoites, which we analyze in detail here and compare to the well-characterized motility and motility-dependent processes of tachyzoites. Unexpectedly, bradyzoites were found to be as motile as tachyzoites in a 3D model extracellular matrix, and they showed increased invasion into and transmigration across certain cell types, consistent with their need to establish the infection in the gut. The motility of the two stages was inhibited to the same extent by cytochalasin D and KNX-002, compounds known to target the parasite's actomyosin-based motor. In contrast, other compounds that impact tachyzoite motility (tachyplegin and enhancer 5) have less of an effect on bradyzoites, and rapid bradyzoite egress from infected cells is not triggered by treatment with calcium ionophores, as it is with tachyzoites. The similarities and differences between these two life cycle stages highlight the need to characterize both tachyzoites and bradyzoites for a more complete understanding of the role of motility in the parasite life cycle and the effect that potential therapeutics targeting parasite motility will have on disease establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05405
- 1041 BMSB, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190
| | - Gary E Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05405
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Auguin D, Robert-Paganin J, Réty S, Kikuti C, David A, Theumer G, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ, Houdusse A. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten target the same myosin pocket despite opposite effects in heart contraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4885. [PMID: 38849353 PMCID: PMC11161628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are common cardiac diseases worldwide, leading in the late stage to heart failure and death. The most promising treatments against these diseases are small molecules directly modulating the force produced by β-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor driving heart contraction. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten are two such molecules that completed phase 3 clinical trials, and the inhibitor Mavacamten is now approved by the FDA. In contrast to Mavacamten, Omecamtiv mecarbil acts as an activator of cardiac contractility. Here, we reveal by X-ray crystallography that both drugs target the same pocket and stabilize a pre-stroke structural state, with only few local differences. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these molecules produce distinct effects in motor allostery thus impacting force production in opposite way. Altogether, our results provide the framework for rational drug development for the purpose of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Ecologie et Environnement (P2E), UPRES EA 1207/USC INRAE-1328, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Stéphane Réty
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France.
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Decker RL, Schray D, Pfeffer HI, Grond S, Wagner JP. Conformations and Rearrangements of Collinolactone - Experiments and Theory on a Dynamic Cyclodecatriene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303435. [PMID: 38051282 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Collinolactone A is a microbial specialized metabolite with a unique 6-10-7 tricyclic bislactone skeleton which was isolated from Streptomyces bacteria. The unusual cyclodecatriene motif features dynamic interconversions of two rotamers. Given the biological profiling of collinolactone A as neuroprotective agent, semisynthetic modifications represent an invaluable strategy to enhance its efficacy. Since understanding conformations and reactions of bioactive substances is crucial for rational structure-based design and synthesis of derivatives, we conducted computational studies on conformational behavior as well as experiments on thermal and acid induced rearrangements of the cyclodecatriene. Experimental conformer ratios of collinolactone A and its biosynthetic ketolactone precursor are well reproduced by computations at the PW6B95-D3/def2-QZVPP//r2 SCAN-3c level. Upon heating collinolactone A in anhydrous dioxane at 100 °C, three collinolactone B stereoisomers exhibiting enollactone structures form via Cope rearrangements. Our computations predict the energetic preference for a boat-like transition state in agreement with the stereochemical outcome of the main reaction pathway. Constriction of the ten-membered ring forms collinolactone C with four annulated rings and an exocyclic double bond. Computations and semisynthetic experiments demonstrate strong preference for an acid-catalyzed reaction pathway over an alternative Alder-ene route to collinolactone C with a prohibitive reaction barrier, again in line with stereochemical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhena L Decker
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Schray
- Organic and Computational Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko I Pfeffer
- Organic and Computational Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Philipp Wagner
- Organic and Computational Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Auguin D, Robert-Paganin J, Réty S, Kikuti C, David A, Theumer G, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ, Houdusse A. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten target the same myosin pocket despite antagonistic effects in heart contraction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567213. [PMID: 38014327 PMCID: PMC10680719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are amongst the most common cardiac diseases worldwide, leading in the late-stage to heart failure and death. The most promising treatments against these diseases are small-molecules directly modulating the force produced by β-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor driving heart contraction. Two of these molecules that produce antagonistic effects on cardiac contractility have completed clinical phase 3 trials: the activator Omecamtiv mecarbil and the inhibitor Mavacamten. In this work, we reveal by X-ray crystallography that both drugs target the same pocket and stabilize a pre-stroke structural state, with only few local differences. All atoms molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these molecules can have antagonistic impact on the allostery of the motor by comparing β-cardiac myosin in the apo form or bound to Omecamtiv mecarbil or Mavacamten. Altogether, our results provide the framework for rational drug development for the purpose of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRAE- USC1328, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Réty
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, University Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Gabriele Theumer
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arndt W Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
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