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He Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fu B, Xing J, Fu R, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Cao L, Du X, Ge Z, Chen Z, Lu X, Li C. Hypoxia exacerbates the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells induced by long-term H. pylori infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0031124. [PMID: 38916312 PMCID: PMC11302036 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00311-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the human stomach and is classified as a class I carcinogen for gastric cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that H. pylori infection plays a role in regulating the function of host cells, thereby contributing to the malignant transformation of these cells. However, H. pylori infection is a chronic process, and short-term cellular experiments may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the in vivo situation, especially when considering the lower oxygen levels in the human stomach. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gastric cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions. We conducted a co-culture experiment using the gastric cell line GES-1 and H. pylori for 30 generations under intermittent hypoxic conditions. By closely monitoring cell proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis, we revealed that sustained H. pylori stimulation under hypoxic conditions significantly influences the function of GES-1 cells. This stimulation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to the propensity for malignant transformation of gastric cells. To confirm the in vitro results, we conducted an experiment involving Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 85 weeks. All the results strongly suggest that the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway plays a crucial role in H. pylori-related apoptosis and autophagy. In summary, continuous stimulation by H. pylori affects the functioning of gastric cells through the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway, increasing the likelihood of cell carcinogenesis. The presence of hypoxic conditions further exacerbates this process.IMPORTANCEDeciphering the collaborative effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric epithelial cell function is key to unraveling the development mechanisms of gastric cancer. Prior research has solely examined the outcomes of short-term H. pylori stimulation on gastric epithelial cells under aerobic conditions, neglecting the bacterium's nature as a microaerophilic organism that leads to cancer following prolonged stomach colonization. This study mimics a more genuine in vivo infection scenario by repeatedly exposing gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions for up to 30 generations. The results show that chronic exposure to H. pylori in hypoxia substantially increases cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while suppressing autophagy and apoptosis. This highlights the significance of hypoxic conditions in intensifying the carcinogenic impact of H. pylori infection. By accurately replicating the in vivo gastric environment, this study enhances our comprehension of H. pylori's pathogenic mechanisms in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Tong D, Ferrero RL. Interleukin-18 produced by gastric epithelial cells protects against pre-neoplastic lesions in Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Genes Immun 2024; 25:346-347. [PMID: 38245599 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhao
- Centre for Innate Immunity, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dongmei Tong
- Centre for Innate Immunity, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute (3168), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Ho MY, Liu S, Xing B. Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38990415 PMCID: PMC11239649 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria extracellular vesicles (BEVs), characterized as the lipid bilayer membrane-surrounded nanoparticles filled with molecular cargo from parent cells, play fundamental roles in the bacteria growth and pathogenesis, as well as facilitating essential interaction between bacteria and host systems. Notably, benefiting from their unique biological functions, BEVs hold great promise as novel nanopharmaceuticals for diverse biomedical potential, attracting significant interest from both industry and academia. Typically, BEVs are evaluated as promising drug delivery platforms, on account of their intrinsic cell-targeting capability, ease of versatile cargo engineering, and capability to penetrate physiological barriers. Moreover, attributing to considerable intrinsic immunogenicity, BEVs are able to interact with the host immune system to boost immunotherapy as the novel nanovaccine against a wide range of diseases. Towards these significant directions, in this review, we elucidate the nature of BEVs and their role in activating host immune response for a better understanding of BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals' development. Additionally, we also systematically summarize recent advances in BEVs for achieving the target delivery of genetic material, therapeutic agents, and functional materials. Furthermore, vaccination strategies using BEVs are carefully covered, illustrating their flexible therapeutic potential in combating bacterial infections, viral infections, and cancer. Finally, the current hurdles and further outlook of these BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Songhan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore.
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Wang X, Chen P, Wang J, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang X, Duan J. Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300337. [PMID: 38048544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
SCORE This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri. METHODS AND RESULTS The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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