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Qu N, Sun H, Sun Y, He M, Xing R, Gu J, Kong J. 2D/2D coupled MOF/Fe composite metamaterials enable robust ultra-broadband microwave absorption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5642. [PMID: 38969643 PMCID: PMC11226717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination between macroscopic structure designs and microscopic material designs offers tremendous possibilities for the development of advanced electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. Herein, we propose a metamaterial design to address persistent challenges in this field, including narrow bandwidth, low-frequency bottlenecks, and, particularly, the urgent issue of robustness (i.e., oblique, and polarized incidence). Our absorber features a semiconductive metal-organic framework/iron 2D/2D assembly (CuHT-FCIP) with abundant crystal/crystal heterojunctions and strong magneto-electric coupling networks. This design achieves remarkable EMW absorption across a broad range (2 to 40 GHz) at a thickness of just 9.3 mm. Notably, it maintains stable performance against oblique incidence (within 75°) and polarizations (both transverse electric and transverse magnetic). Furthermore, the absorber demonstrates high specific compressive strength (201.01 MPa·cm3·g-1) and low density (0.89 g·cm-3). This advancement holds promise for developing robust EMW absorbers with superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hanxu Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Mukun He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
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2
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Li W, Zhang Y, Guo S, Yu Z, Kang J, Li Z, Wei L, Tan SC. Multifunctional Sandwich-Structured Super-Hygroscopic Zinc-Based MOF-Overlayed Cooling Wearables for Special Personal Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311272. [PMID: 38366302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment pays attention exclusively to external safety protection and ignores the internal thermoregulation of physiological state in association with sweating. Herein, a super-hygroscopic calcium-doped poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and superhydrophobic metal-organic-framework-overlayed wearables (Ca-PSS/MOF) integrated cooling wearable is proposed for special personal thermal management (PTM). Compared to the pristine fabric, the superhydrophobic MOF wearables exhibit anti-fouling and antibacterial capabilities, and the antibacterial efficiency is up to 99.99% and 98.99% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. More importantly, Ca-PSS/MOF demonstrate significant heat index changes up to 25.5 °C by reducing relative humidity dramatically from 91.0% to 60.0% and temperature from 36.5 to 31.6 °C during the running test. The practical feasibility of the Ca-PSS/MOF cooling wearables is well proved with the protective suit of the fireman. Owing to these multifunctional merits, the sandwich-structured cooling Ca-PSS/MOF are expected to provide new insights for designing the next-generation multifunctional apparel for PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulong Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Kang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiong Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
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Fu S, Liang Z, Qian X, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Ling X, Liu Q, Zhang D. Ultrawide Spectra Camouflage Coatings from Metallic Flake Powder. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27627-27639. [PMID: 38766902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultrawide-spectra-compatible camouflage materials are imperative for military science and national security due to the continuous advancement of various sophisticated multispectral detectors. However, ultrawide spectra camouflage still has challenges, as the spectral requirements for different bands are disparate and even conflicting. This work demonstrates an ultrawide spectra camouflage material compatible with visible (VIS, 400-800 nm), infrared (IR, 3-5 and 8-14 μm), and microwave (S-Ku bands, 2-12 GHz). The carbon nanotubes adsorbed on porous anodic alumina/aluminum flake powder (CNTs@PAA/AFP) material for ultrawide spectra camouflage is composed of bioinspired porous alumina surface layers for low visible reflection and aluminum flake powder substrate for low infrared emissivity, while the surface of the porous alumina layers is loaded with carbon nanotubes for microwave absorption. Compared with previous low-emissivity materials, CNTs@PAA/AFP has omnidirectional low reflectance (Ravg = 0.29) and high gray scale (72%) in the visible band. Further, it exhibits low emissivity (ε3-5μm = 0.15 and ε8-14μm = 0.18) in the dual infrared atmospheric window, which reduces the infrared lock-on range by 59.6%/49.8% in the mid/far-infrared band at high temperatures (573 K). The infrared camouflage performance calculated from the radiation temperature of CNTs@PAA/AFP coatings is enhanced to over 65%, which is at least 4 times greater than that of its substrate. In addition, the CNTs@PAA/AFP coating achieves high microwave absorption (RLmin = -42.46 dB) and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB = 7.43 GHz) in the microwave band (S-Ku bands) due to the enhancement of interfacial polarization and conductive losses. This study may introduce new insight and feasible methods for multispectral manipulation, electromagnetic signal processing, and thermal management via bioinspired structural design and fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zudian Liang
- China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Xing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Lee EJ, Kim JY, Kim YB, Kim SK. Microwave-transparent metallic metamaterials for autonomous driving safety. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4516. [PMID: 38802433 PMCID: PMC11130274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the surface transparency of protective covers using transparent heaters in extreme weather is imperative for enhancing safety in autonomous driving. However, achieving both high transmittance and low sheet resistance, two key performance indicators for transparent heaters, is inherently challenging. Here, inspired by metamaterial design, we report microwave-transparent, low-sheet-resistance heaters for automotive radars. Ultrathin (approximately one ten-thousandth of the wavelength), electrically connected metamaterials on a millimetre-thick dielectric cover provide near-unity transmission at specific frequencies within the W band (75-110 GHz), despite their metal filling ratio exceeding 70 %. These metamaterials yield the desired phase delay to adjust Fabry-Perot resonance at each target frequency. Fabricated microwave-transparent heaters exhibit exceptionally low sheet resistance (0.41 ohm/sq), thereby heating the dielectric cover above 180 °C at a nominal bias of 3 V. Defrosting tests demonstrate their thermal capability to swiftly remove thin ice layers in sub-zero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Kim S, Park SJ, Moon S, Zhang Q, Hwang S, Kim SK, Luo T, Lee E. Quantum annealing-aided design of an ultrathin-metamaterial optical diode. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:16. [PMID: 38722453 PMCID: PMC11082120 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Thin-film optical diodes are important elements for miniaturizing photonic systems. However, the design of optical diodes relies on empirical and heuristic approaches. This poses a significant challenge for identifying optimal structural models of optical diodes at given wavelengths. Here, we leverage a quantum annealing-enhanced active learning scheme to automatically identify optimal designs of 130 nm-thick optical diodes. An optical diode is a stratified volume diffractive film discretized into rectangular pixels, where each pixel is assigned to either a metal or dielectric. The proposed scheme identifies the optimal material states of each pixel, maximizing the quality of optical isolation at given wavelengths. Consequently, we successfully identify optimal structures at three specific wavelengths (600, 800, and 1000 nm). In the best-case scenario, when the forward transmissivity is 85%, the backward transmissivity is 0.1%. Electromagnetic field profiles reveal that the designed diode strongly supports surface plasmons coupled across counterintuitive metal-dielectric pixel arrays. Thereby, it yields the transmission of first-order diffracted light with a high amplitude. In contrast, backward transmission has decoupled surface plasmons that redirect Poynting vectors back to the incident medium, resulting in near attenuation of its transmission. In addition, we experimentally verify the optical isolation function of the optical diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Kim
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830, USA
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Moon
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Sanghyo Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Meng Z, Liu D, Xu C, Wang J, Pang Y, Yang J, Li X, Gui B, Cheng H. Multifunctional integrated metamaterials for radar-infrared-visible compatible multispectral stealth. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:17869-17878. [PMID: 38858956 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Metamaterials offer exciting opportunities for developing multispectral stealth due to their unique electromagnetic properties. However, currently transparent radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth metamaterials typically involve complex hierarchical designs, leading to thickness and transparency limitations. Here, we propose an integrated metamaterial for multispectral stealth with high transparency. Our design features an ITO/dielectric/ITO sandwich structure, with the upper-layer ITO acting as a resonator for broadband microwave absorption while maintaining a high filling ratio to suppress infrared (IR) radiation. Experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with over 90% microwave absorption in 8-18 GHz, an IR emissivity of approximately 0.36 in 3-14 µm, an average optical transmittance of 74.1% in 380-800 nm, and a thickness of only 2.4 mm. With its multispectral compatibility, the proposed metamaterial has potential applications in stealth and camouflage fields.
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7
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He J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Ge H, Tang S. Bioinspired Polymer Films with Surface Ordered Pyramid Arrays and 3D Hierarchical Pores for Enhanced Passive Radiative Cooling. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11120-11129. [PMID: 38626337 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling (PRC) has been acknowledged to be an environmentally friendly cooling technique, and especially artificial photonic materials with manipulating light-matter interaction ability are more favorable for PRC. However, scalable production of radiative cooling materials with advanced biologically inspired structures, fascinating properties, and high throughput is still challenging. Herein, we reported a bioinspired design combining surface ordered pyramid arrays and internal three-dimensional hierarchical pores for highly efficient PRC based on mimicking natural photonic structures of the white beetle Cyphochilus' wings. The biological photonic film consisting of surface ordered pyramid arrays with a bottom side length of 4 μm together with amounts of internal nano- and micropores was fabricated by using scalable phase separation and a quick hot-pressing process. Optimization of pore structures and surface-enhanced photonic arrays enables the bioinspired film to possess an average solar reflectance of ∼98% and a high infrared emissivity of ∼96%. A temperature drop of ∼8.8 °C below the ambient temperature is recorded in the daytime. Besides the notable PRC capability, the bioinspired film exhibits excellent flexibility, strong mechanical strength, and hydrophobicity; therefore, it can be applied in many complex outdoor scenarios. This work provides a highly efficient and mold replication-like route to develop highly efficient passive cooling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaya Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiong Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochun Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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8
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Gu J, Wei H, Zhao T, Ren F, Geng C, Guan H, Liang S, Chen X, Shi Y, Zhao J, Dou S, Li Y. Unprecedented Spatial Manipulation and Transformation of Dynamic Thermal Radiation Based on Vanadium Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10352-10360. [PMID: 38357765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Reconfigurable infrared (IR) materials have widespread applications in thermal management and smart IR concealment. Although various reconfigurable IR materials can be customized by positive or negative differential VO2-based resonators, their insightful mechanism remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate the fundamental design rule of reconfigurable thermal radiation between positive and negative differential thermal radiation properties for the first time. Importantly, the skin depth of VO2 film in the metal state is investigated to clarify the transformation from positive to negative differential thermal radiation properties, and the critical thickness is further derived, providing important guidance in designing the reconfigurable thermal radiation regulator. Furthermore, the reconfigurable multistate thermal images had been presented into one plate. The resulting emittance variation (△ε8-14 μm) of the VO2-based resonator can change from 0.61 to -0.53, which consummates the ability for diverse demands such as infrared concealment, thermal illusion, and thermal management. This work constitutes a promising and universal route toward designing whole smart devices and may create new scientific and technological opportunities for platforms that can benefit from reconfigurable electromagnetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Gu
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chenchen Geng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huan Guan
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuhui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuliang Dou
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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9
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Deng Z, Hu W, Zhou P, Huang L, Wang T, Wang X, Gong R. Broadband tunable laser and infrared camouflage by wavelength-selective scattering metamaterial with radiative thermal management. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:935-938. [PMID: 38359220 DOI: 10.1364/ol.512245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Metamaterial-based multispectral (including infrared and multiple lasers) camouflage compatible with non-atmospheric window radiative cooling is effective for low observability against multiple detection means. However, simultaneously achieving low reflectance in a non-atmospheric window band and broadband laser scattering, especially for a broadband tunable long-wave infrared laser, remains challenging. This Letter proposes a wavelength-selective scattering metamaterial (WSSM) that realizes effective camouflage for mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR), broadband tunable LWIR and near-infrared (NIR) lasers. Moreover, the WSSM achieves radiative cooling in a non-atmospheric window (5-8 µm). The simulated emissivity is 0.19/0.20 in MWIR and LWIR bands, while it is 0.54 in a non-atmospheric window band that ensures radiative cooling. The WSSM also achieves low specular reflectance (4.35%) in 8-12 µm for broadband tunable laser camouflage, together with low reflectance at 1.06 µm and 1.55 µm. The thermal simulation is also conducted, demonstrating that the WSSM has a surface temperature decrement of 12.6°C compared to the conventional low-emissivity reference at the heated temperature of 400°C due to selective emission. The radiation temperatures have a reduction of 37%/64% than the real surface temperature in MWIR and LWIR bands. This work achieves the multispectral compatible camouflage by regulating specular reflection and scattering, providing a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for manipulating electromagnetic waves.
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Maini L, Genovés V, Furrer R, Cesarovic N, Hierold C, Roman C. An in vitro demonstration of a passive, acoustic metamaterial as a temperature sensor with mK resolution for implantable applications. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38261856 PMCID: PMC10794229 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless medical sensors typically utilize electromagnetic coupling or ultrasound for energy transfer and sensor interrogation. Energy transfer and management is a complex aspect that often limits the applicability of implantable sensor systems. In this work, we report a new passive temperature sensing scheme based on an acoustic metamaterial made of silicon embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Compared to other approaches, this concept is implemented without additional electrical components in situ or the need for a customized receiving unit. A standard ultrasonic transducer is used for this demonstration to directly excite and collect the reflected signal. The metamaterial resonates at a frequency close to a typical medical value (5 MHz) and exhibits a high-quality factor. Combining the design features of the metamaterial with the high-temperature sensitivity of the polydimethylsiloxane matrix, we achieve a temperature resolution of 30 mK. This value is below the current standard resolution required in infrared thermometry for monitoring postoperative complications (0.1 K). We fabricated, simulated, in vitro tested, and compared three acoustic sensor designs in the 29-43 °C (~302-316 K) temperature range. With this concept, we demonstrate how our passive metamaterial sensor can open the way toward new zero-power smart medical implant concepts based on acoustic interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Maini
- Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vicente Genovés
- Translational Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Furrer
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Translational Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christofer Hierold
- Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cosmin Roman
- Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Yu S, Zhou P, Xi W, Chen Z, Deng Y, Luo X, Li W, Shiomi J, Hu R. General deep learning framework for emissivity engineering. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:291. [PMID: 38052800 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-TEs) have been frequently designed to achieve desired target emissivity spectra, as a typical emissivity engineering, for broad applications such as thermal camouflage, radiative cooling, and gas sensing, etc. However, previous designs require prior knowledge of materials or structures for different applications and the designed WS-TEs usually vary from applications to applications in terms of materials and structures, thus lacking of a general design framework for emissivity engineering across different applications. Moreover, previous designs fail to tackle the simultaneous design of both materials and structures, as they either fix materials to design structures or fix structures to select suitable materials. Herein, we employ the deep Q-learning network algorithm, a reinforcement learning method based on deep learning framework, to design multilayer WS-TEs. To demonstrate the general validity, three WS-TEs are designed for various applications, including thermal camouflage, radiative cooling and gas sensing, which are then fabricated and measured. The merits of the deep Q-learning algorithm include that it can (1) offer a general design framework for WS-TEs beyond one-dimensional multilayer structures; (2) autonomously select suitable materials from a self-built material library and (3) autonomously optimize structural parameters for the target emissivity spectra. The present framework is demonstrated to be feasible and efficient in designing WS-TEs across different applications, and the design parameters are highly scalable in materials, structures, dimensions, and the target functions, offering a general framework for emissivity engineering and paving the way for efficient design of nonlinear optimization problems beyond thermal metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilv Yu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, Hubei, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Wang Xi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zihe Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuheng Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, Hubei, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wangnan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China.
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Run Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Deng Z, Zhou P, Hu W, Wang X, Gong R. Biomimetic multilayer film simulating solar spectrum reflection characteristics of natural vegetations for optical camouflage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37082-37093. [PMID: 38017845 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The camouflage for developed hyperspectral detection technology, which can accurately distinguish the spectrum between object and background, has emerged as an important unsolved challenge. In this study, a biomimetic film (Ge/ZnS multilayer structure) for optical camouflage of hyperspectral and laser with color simulation has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By taking advantage of the wavelength selective property of Ge/ZnS multilayer through film interference, the biomimetic film which can simulate the reflection spectral characteristics of vegetation background and eliminate laser signal has been realized based on inverse design. The selective narrowband absorption can manipulate the contrary condition for hyperspectral camouflage (high reflectance in 0.8-1.3 µm) and laser camouflage (low reflectance at 1.06 µm) in the same waveband. The planarized biomimetic multilayer film presents several distinct advantages: (1) elaborate simulation of vegetation reflectance spectrum for hyperspectral camouflage (the spectral similarity coefficient of 92.1%), and efficient absorption at 1.06 µm for laser camouflage (reflectance of 17.8%); (2) tunable color chrominance of various vegetation types for visual camouflage; (3) thermally robust camouflage performance (up to 250 °C) due to temperature endurable property of Ge and ZnS. The hyperspectral-laser camouflage film expands the design strategy of optical camouflage application.
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Nong J, Jiang X, Wei X, Zhang Y, Li N, Li X, Chen H, He X, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yang J. Optical transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage based on inverse design. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33622-33637. [PMID: 37859139 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermal camouflage and management are deeply desirable in the field of military and astronomy. While IR compatible with laser camouflage technology is extensively studied to counter modern detection systems, most existing strategies for visible light camouflage focus on color matching, which is not suitable for scenarios requiring transparency. In this work, we propose an optically transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage capability based on the inverse design. The metamaterial consists of Ag grating, Si3N4 dielectric spacer layer, Ag reflection layer, and Si3N4 anti-reflective layer. An ideal multi-band compatible spectrum is involved in the inverse design algorithm. Calculated results demonstrate high transmittance (T0.38-0.78µm = 0.70) in the visible region, low reflectance (R1.55µm = 0.01) in laser working wavelength, high reflectance (R3-5µm = 0.86 and R8-14µm = 0.92) in the dual-band atmospheric window, and high emissivity (ɛ5-8µm = 0.61) for the non-atmospheric window. The radiative heat flux in the detected band is 31W/m2 and 201W/m2 respectively. Furthermore, the incident and polarized insensitivity of the proposed metamaterial supports applicability for practical situations. This work, emphasizes an effective strategy for conducting optically transparent design with compatible IR-laser camouflage as well as radiative cooling properties by an automated design approach.
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