1
|
Pichelstorfer L, Roldin P, Rissanen M, Hyttinen N, Garmash O, Xavier C, Zhou P, Clusius P, Foreback B, Golin Almeida T, Deng C, Baykara M, Kurten T, Boy M. Towards automated inclusion of autoxidation chemistry in models: from precursors to atmospheric implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2024; 4:879-896. [PMID: 39130798 PMCID: PMC11307592 DOI: 10.1039/d4ea00054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In the last few decades, atmospheric formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) has gained increasing attention due to their impact on air quality and climate. However, methods to predict their abundance are mainly empirical and may fail under real atmospheric conditions. In this work, a close-to-mechanistic approach allowing SOA quantification is presented, with a focus on a chain-like chemical reaction called "autoxidation". A novel framework is employed to (a) describe the gas-phase chemistry, (b) predict the products' molecular structures and (c) explore the contribution of autoxidation chemistry on SOA formation under various conditions. As a proof of concept, the method is applied to benzene, an important anthropogenic SOA precursor. Our results suggest autoxidation to explain up to 100% of the benzene-SOA formed under low-NO x laboratory conditions. Under atmospheric-like day-time conditions, the calculated benzene-aerosol mass continuously forms, as expected based on prior work. Additionally, a prompt increase, driven by the NO3 radical, is predicted by the model at dawn. This increase has not yet been explored experimentally and stresses the potential for atmospheric SOA formation via secondary oxidation of benzene by O3 and NO3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pichelstorfer
- pi-numerics Neumarkt amW. 5202 Austria
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg A-5020 Austria
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University P. O. Box 118 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University 33720 Tampere Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Olga Garmash
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University 33720 Tampere Finland
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Carlton Xavier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University P. O. Box 118 221 00 Lund Sweden
- SMHI/Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Research Department, Unit of Meteorology/Environment and Climate SE-601 76 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Clusius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Benjamin Foreback
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Atmospheric Modelling Centre Lahti Niemenkatu 73, Lahti University Campus 15140 Lahti Finland
| | - Thomas Golin Almeida
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China
| | - Metin Baykara
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Atmospheric Modelling Centre Lahti Niemenkatu 73, Lahti University Campus 15140 Lahti Finland
- Climate and Marine Sciences Department, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael Boy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki 00560 Helsinki Finland
- Atmospheric Modelling Centre Lahti Niemenkatu 73, Lahti University Campus 15140 Lahti Finland
- School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology 53851 Lappeenranta Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wang J, Dong B, Xu F, Liu H, Zhang Q, Zong W, Shi X. New mechanism for the participation of aromatic oxidation products in atmospheric nucleation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170487. [PMID: 38296079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are recognized as important precursors for new particle formation (NPF) in the urban atmosphere. The paper theoretically studied the formation of OOMs by styrene oxidation processes initiated by OH radicals, focusing on the OOMs nucleation mechanism. The results found that in the presence of an H2SO4 molecule, lowly oxygenated organic molecules containing a benzene ring (LOMBs) can form stable clusters and grow to the scale of a critical nucleus through pi-pi stacking and OH hydrogen bonding. In addition, LOMBs are more readily generated in a styrene-oxidized system in the presence/absence of NOx than highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). The reaction of OH radicals with other aromatics containing a branched chain on the benzene ring produces LOMBs to varying degrees, with pi-pi stacking playing an essential role. This result suggests that, in the presence of H2SO4 molecules, LOMBs may play a more significant role in promoting nucleation than HOMs. Our findings serve as a pivotal foundation for future investigations into the oxidation and nucleation processes of diverse aromatics in urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Juanbao Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Biao Dong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Wang H, Lu K, Ma X, Tan Z, Long B, Chen X, Li C, Zhai T, Li Y, Qu K, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen S, Dong H, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1648. [PMID: 38388476 PMCID: PMC10883920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (OH) determine the tropospheric self-cleansing capacity, thus regulating air quality and climate. However, the state-of-the-art mechanisms still underestimate OH at low nitrogen oxide and high volatile organic compound regimes even considering the latest isoprene chemistry. Here we propose that the reactive aldehyde chemistry, especially the autoxidation of carbonyl organic peroxy radicals (R(CO)O2) derived from higher aldehydes, is a noteworthy OH regeneration mechanism that overwhelms the contribution of the isoprene autoxidation, the latter has been proved to largely contribute to the missing OH source under high isoprene condition. As diagnosed by the quantum chemical calculations, the R(CO)O2 radicals undergo fast H-migration to produce unsaturated hydroperoxyl-carbonyls that generate OH through rapid photolysis. This chemistry could explain almost all unknown OH sources in areas rich in both natural and anthropogenic emissions in the warm seasons, and may increasingly impact the global self-cleansing capacity in a future low nitrogen oxide society under carbon neutrality scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunmeng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kun Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huabin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|