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Chua XL, Tong CS, Su M, Xǔ XJ, Xiao S, Wu X, Wu M. Competition and synergy of Arp2/3 and formins in nucleating actin waves. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114423. [PMID: 38968072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin assembly and dynamics are crucial for maintaining cell structure and changing physiological states. The broad impact of actin on various cellular processes makes it challenging to dissect the specific role of actin regulatory proteins. Using actin waves that propagate on the cortex of mast cells as a model, we discovered that formins (FMNL1 and mDia3) are recruited before the Arp2/3 complex in actin waves. GTPase Cdc42 interactions drive FMNL1 oscillations, with active Cdc42 and the constitutively active mutant of FMNL1 capable of forming waves on the plasma membrane independently of actin waves. Additionally, the delayed recruitment of Arp2/3 antagonizes FMNL1 and active Cdc42. This antagonism is not due to competition for monomeric actin but rather for their common upstream regulator, active Cdc42, whose levels are negatively regulated by Arp2/3 via SHIP1 recruitment. Collectively, our study highlights the complex feedback loops in the dynamic control of the actin cytoskeletal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Le Chua
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Chee San Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore 117557, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - X J Xǔ
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shengping Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Xudong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore 117557, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Lee WS, Enomoto T, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Emergent Synchronous Volumetric Oscillation in Hierarchically Structured Self-Oscillating Gel Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5268-5279. [PMID: 38759232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Emergent properties accompanying synchronization among oscillators are vital characteristics in biological systems. Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillators are an artificial model to study the emergence and synchronization in life. This research represents a self-oscillating gel system with clusterable properties to experimentally examine synchronous and emergent properties at a fundamental hierarchical level. Incorporating acrylic acid (AAc) moieties within the gel network facilitates cluster formation through hydrogen bonding in an acidic BZ substrate solution. Upon clustering, both homogeneous and heterogeneous gel assemblies─ranging from double to quadruple clusters─exhibit increased and synchronized periods and amplitudes during the BZ reaction. Notably, in heterogeneous clusters, gel units with initially short periods and small volumetric amplitudes display a significant increase, aligning with the lonfger periods and larger amplitudes of other elements within the cluster, an emergent property. This research can pave the way for a better understanding of synchronous and emergent properties in biological oscillators such as cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Tong CS, Su M, Sun H, Chua XL, Xiong D, Guo S, Raj R, Ong NWP, Lee AG, Miao Y, Wu M. Collective dynamics of actin and microtubule and its crosstalk mediated by FHDC1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1261117. [PMID: 38567385 PMCID: PMC10985548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordination between actin and microtubule network is crucial, yet this remains a challenging problem to dissect and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we used travelling waves in the cell cortex to characterize the collective dynamics of cytoskeletal networks. Our findings show that Cdc42 and F-BAR-dependent actin waves in mast cells are mainly driven by formin-mediated actin polymerization, with the microtubule-binding formin FH2 domain-containing protein 1 (FHDC1) as an early regulator. Knocking down FHDC1 inhibits actin wave formation, and this inhibition require FHDC1's interaction with both microtubule and actin. The phase of microtubule depolymerization coincides with the nucleation of actin waves and microtubule stabilization inhibit actin waves, leading us to propose that microtubule shrinking and the concurrent release of FHDC1 locally regulate actin nucleation. Lastly, we show that FHDC1 is crucial for multiple cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Our data provided molecular insights into the nucleation mechanisms of actin waves and uncover an antagonistic interplay between microtubule and actin polymerization in their collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee San Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang Le Chua
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravin Raj
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Wen Pei Ong
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann Gie Lee
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Sar GK, Ghosh D. Flocking and swarming in a multi-agent dynamical system. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:123126. [PMID: 38127290 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the research community has been interested in the study of multi-agent systems and their emerging collective dynamics. These systems are all around us in nature, such as bacterial colonies, fish schools, and bird flocks, as well as in technology, such as microswimmers and robotics, to name a few. Flocking and swarming are two key components of the collective behaviors of multi-agent systems. In flocking, the agents coordinate their direction of motion, but in swarming, they congregate in space to organize their spatial position. We propose a minimal mathematical model of a locally interacting multi-agent system where the agents simultaneously swarm in space and exhibit flocking behavior. Various cluster structures are found depending on the interaction range. When the coupling strength value exceeds a crucial threshold, flocking behavior is observed. We do in-depth simulations and report the findings by changing the other parameters and with the incorporation of noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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Riedl M, Sixt M. The excitable nature of polymerizing actin and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1287420. [PMID: 38020899 PMCID: PMC10643615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1287420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate regulatory processes behind actin polymerization play a crucial role in cellular biology, including essential mechanisms such as cell migration or cell division. However, the self-organizing principles governing actin polymerization are still poorly understood. In this perspective article, we compare the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a classic and well understood chemical oscillator known for its self-organizing spatiotemporal dynamics, with the excitable dynamics of polymerizing actin. While the BZ reaction originates from the domain of inorganic chemistry, it shares remarkable similarities with actin polymerization, including the characteristic propagating waves, which are influenced by geometry and external fields, and the emergent collective behavior. Starting with a general description of emerging patterns, we elaborate on single droplets or cell-level dynamics, the influence of geometric confinements and conclude with collective interactions. Comparing these two systems sheds light on the universal nature of self-organization principles in both living and inanimate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riedl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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