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Srivastava G, Vyas P, Kumar A, Singh A, Bhargav P, Dinday S, Ghosh S. Unraveling the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in oleanane triterpenoid biosynthesis in arjuna tree. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39072959 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Triterpenoids (C30-isoprenoids) represent a major group of natural products with various physiological functions in plants. Triterpenoids and their derivatives have medicinal uses owing to diverse bioactivities. Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) tree bark accumulates highly oxygenated β-amyrin-derived oleanane triterpenoids (e.g., arjunic acid, arjungenin, and arjunolic acid) with cardioprotective roles. However, biosynthetic routes and enzymes remain poorly understood. We mined the arjuna transcriptome and conducted cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) assays using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana to identify six P450s and two P450 reductases for oxidative modifications of oleanane triterpenoids. P450 assays using oleananes revealed a greater substrate promiscuity of C-2α and C-23 hydroxylases/oxidases than C-28 oxidases. CYP716A233 and CYP716A432 catalyzed β-amyrin/erythrodiol C-28 oxidation to produce oleanolic acid. C-2α hydroxylases (CYP716C88 and CYP716C89) converted oleanolic acid and hederagenin to maslinic acid and arjunolic acid. CYP716C89 also hydroxylated erythrodiol and oleanolic aldehyde. However, CYP714E107a and CYP714E107b catalyzed oleanolic acid/maslinic acid/arjunic acid, C-23 hydroxylation to form hederagenin, arjunolic acid and arjungenin, and hederagenin C-23 oxidation to produce gypsogenic acid, but at a lower rate than oleanolic acid C-23 hydroxylation. Overall, P450 substrate selectivity suggested that C-28 oxidation is the first P450-catalyzed oxidative modification in the arjuna triterpenoid pathway. However, the pathway might branch thereafter through C-2α/C-23 hydroxylation of oleanolic acid. Taken together, these results provided new insights into substrate range of P450s and unraveled biosynthetic routes of triterpenoids in arjuna. Moreover, complete elucidation and reconstruction of arjunolic acid pathway in S. cerevisiae and N. benthamiana suggested the utility of arjuna P450s in heterologous production of cardioprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Srivastava
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Poonam Vyas
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aashish Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pravesh Bhargav
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sandeep Dinday
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Zhao X, Pan Y, Tan J, Lv H, Wang Y, Chen DX. Metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the mechanism of alkaloid synthesis in Corydalis yanhusuo bulbs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304258. [PMID: 38781178 PMCID: PMC11115222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang is a traditional herb. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are the main pharmacological active ingredients that play an important role in sedation, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, and inhibiting cancer cells. However, there are few studies on the biosynthetic pathway of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo, especially on some specific components, such as tetrahydropalmatine. We carried out widely targeted metabolome and transcriptomic analyses to construct the biosynthetic pathway of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and identified candidate genes. In this study, 702 metabolites were detected, including 216 alkaloids. Protoberberine-type and aporphine-type alkaloids are the main chemical components in C. yanhusuo bulbs. Key genes for benzylisoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis, including 6-OMT, CNMT, NMCH, BBE, SOMT1, CFS, SPS, STOX, MSH, TNMT and P6H, were successfully identified. There was no significant difference in the content of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and the expression level of genes between the two suborgans (mother-bulb and son-bulb). The expression levels of BIA genes in the expansion stage (MB-A and SB-A) were significantly higher than those in the maturity stage (MB-C and SB-C), and the content of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was consistent with the pattern of gene regulation. Five complete single genes were likely to encode the functional enzyme of CoOMT, which participated in tetrahydropalmatine biosynthesis in C. yanhusuo bulbs. These studies provide a strong theoretical basis for the subsequent development of metabolic engineering of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (especially tetrahydropalmatine) of C. yanhusuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-xia Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
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Li X, Li B, Gu S, Pang X, Mason P, Yuan J, Jia J, Sun J, Zhao C, Henry R. Single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing reveal the spatiotemporal trajectories of fruit senescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3108. [PMID: 38600080 PMCID: PMC11006883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The senescence of fruit is a complex physiological process, with various cell types within the pericarp, making it highly challenging to elucidate their individual roles in fruit senescence. In this study, a single-cell expression atlas of the pericarp of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is constructed, revealing exocarp and mesocarp cells undergoing the most significant changes during the fruit senescence process. Pseudotime analysis establishes cellular differentiation and gene expression trajectories during senescence. Early-stage oxidative stress imbalance is followed by the activation of resistance in exocarp cells, subsequently senescence-associated proteins accumulate in the mesocarp cells at late-stage senescence. The central role of the early response factor HuCMB1 is unveiled in the senescence regulatory network. This study provides a spatiotemporal perspective for a deeper understanding of the dynamic senescence process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shaobin Gu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Patrick Mason
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jiaju Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Wang P, Yan Y, Yan M, Piao X, Wang Y, Lei X, Yang H, Zhang N, Li W, Di P, Yang L. Identification and analysis of BAHD superfamily related to malonyl ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1301084. [PMID: 38186598 PMCID: PMC10768564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The BAHD (benzylalcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, N-hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilate benzoyl transferase and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase), has various biological functions in plants, including catalyzing the biosynthesis of terpenes, phenolics and esters, participating in plant stress response, affecting cell stability, and regulating fruit quality. Methods Bioinformatics methods, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer were used to explore the relationship between the BAHD gene family and malonyl ginsenosides in Panax ginseng. Results In this study, 103 BAHD genes were identified in P. ginseng, mainly distributed in three major clades. Most PgBAHDs contain cis-acting elements associated with abiotic stress response and plant hormone response. Among the 103 genes, 68 PgBAHDs are WGD (whole-genome duplication) genes. The significance of malonylation in biosynthesis has garnered considerable attention in the study of malonyltransferases. The phylogenetic tree results showed 34 PgBAHDs were clustered with genes that have malonyl characterization. Among them, seven PgBAHDs (PgBAHD4, 45, 65, 74, 90, 97, and 99) showed correlations > 0.9 with crucial enzyme genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and > 0.8 with malonyl ginsenosides. These seven genes were considered potential candidates involved in the biosynthesis of malonyl ginsenosides. Discussion These results help elucidate the structure, evolution, and functions of the P. ginseng BAHD gene family, and establish the foundation for further research on the mechanism of BAHD genes in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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