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Su J, Xu X, Cseke LJ, Whittier S, Zhou R, Zhang Z, Dietz Z, Singh K, Yang B, Chen SY, Picking W, Zou X, Gassmann W. Cell-specific polymerization-driven biomolecular condensate formation fine-tunes root tissue morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587845. [PMID: 38617336 PMCID: PMC11014531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates can be driven by weak multivalent interactions and emergent polymerization. However, the mechanism of polymerization-mediated condensate formation is less studied. We found lateral root cap cell (LRC)-specific SUPPRESSOR OF RPS4-RLD1 (SRFR1) condensates fine-tune primary root development. Polymerization of the SRFR1 N-terminal domain is required for both LRC condensate formation and optimal root growth. Surprisingly, the first intrinsically disordered region (IDR1) of SRFR1 can be functionally substituted by a specific group of intrinsically disordered proteins known as dehydrins. This finding facilitated the identification of functional segments in the IDR1 of SRFR1, a generalizable strategy to decode unknown IDRs. With this functional information we further improved root growth by modifying the SRFR1 condensation module, providing a strategy to improve plant growth and resilience.
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Longfield SF, Gormal RS, Feller M, Parutto P, Reingruber J, Wallis TP, Joensuu M, Augustine GJ, Martínez-Mármol R, Holcman D, Meunier FA. Synapsin 2a tetramerisation selectively controls the presynaptic nanoscale organisation of reserve synaptic vesicles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2217. [PMID: 38472171 PMCID: PMC10933366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release relies on the regulated fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that are tightly packed within the presynaptic bouton of neurons. The mechanism by which SVs are clustered at the presynapse, while preserving their ability to dynamically recycle to support neuronal communication, remains unknown. Synapsin 2a (Syn2a) tetramerization has been suggested as a potential clustering mechanism. Here, we used Dual-pulse sub-diffractional Tracking of Internalised Molecules (DsdTIM) to simultaneously track single SVs from the recycling and the reserve pools, in live hippocampal neurons. The reserve pool displays a lower presynaptic mobility compared to the recycling pool and is also present in the axons. Triple knockout of Synapsin 1-3 genes (SynTKO) increased the mobility of reserve pool SVs. Re-expression of wild-type Syn2a (Syn2aWT), but not the tetramerization-deficient mutant K337Q (Syn2aK337Q), fully rescued these effects. Single-particle tracking revealed that Syn2aK337QmEos3.1 exhibited altered activity-dependent presynaptic translocation and nanoclustering. Therefore, Syn2a tetramerization controls its own presynaptic nanoclustering and thereby contributes to the dynamic immobilisation of the SV reserve pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley F Longfield
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matis Feller
- Group of Data Modelling and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Parutto
- Group of Data Modelling and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Reingruber
- Group of Data Modelling and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Holcman
- Group of Data Modelling and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMPT) visitor, University of Cambridge, and Churchill College, CB30DS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Gormal RS, Martinez-Marmol R, Brooks AJ, Meunier FA. Location, location, location: Protein kinase nanoclustering for optimised signalling output. eLife 2024; 13:e93902. [PMID: 38206309 PMCID: PMC10783869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) are proteins at the core of cellular signalling and are thereby responsible for most cellular physiological processes and their regulations. As for all intracellular proteins, PKs are subjected to Brownian thermal energy that tends to homogenise their distribution throughout the volume of the cell. To access their substrates and perform their critical functions, PK localisation is therefore tightly regulated in space and time, relying upon a range of clustering mechanisms. These include post-translational modifications, protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, as well as liquid-liquid phase separation, allowing spatial restriction and ultimately regulating access to their substrates. In this review, we will focus on key mechanisms mediating PK nanoclustering in physiological and pathophysiological processes. We propose that PK nanoclusters act as a cellular quantal unit of signalling output capable of integration and regulation in space and time. We will specifically outline the various super-resolution microscopy approaches currently used to elucidate the composition and mechanisms driving PK nanoscale clustering and explore the pathological consequences of altered kinase clustering in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ramon Martinez-Marmol
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- Frazer Institute, The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaAustralia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
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