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Huang R, Carter ER, Hughes EG, Welle CG. Paired vagus nerve stimulation drives precise remyelination and motor recovery after myelin loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593609. [PMID: 38766201 PMCID: PMC11100833 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Myelin loss in the central nervous system can cause permanent motor or cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). While current immunotherapy treatments decrease the frequency of demyelinating episodes, they do not promote myelin repair or functional recovery. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy which enhances neuroplasticity and the recovery of motor function after stroke, but its effects on myelin repair are not known. To determine if VNS influences myelin repair, we applied VNS following a demyelinating injury and measured longitudinal myelin dynamics and functional recovery. We found that VNS promotes remyelination by increasing the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Pairing VNS with a skilled reach task leads to the regeneration of myelin sheaths on previously myelinated axon segments, enhancing the restoration of the original pattern of myelination. Moreover, the magnitude of sheath pattern restoration correlates with long-term motor functional improvement. Together, these results suggest that recovery of the myelin sheath pattern is a key factor in the restoration of motor function following myelin loss and identify paired VNS as a potential remyelination therapy to treat demyelinating diseases.
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Li J, Miramontes TG, Czopka T, Monk KR. Synaptic input and Ca 2+ activity in zebrafish oligodendrocyte precursor cells contribute to myelin sheath formation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:219-231. [PMID: 38216650 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In the nervous system, only one type of neuron-glial synapse is known to exist: that between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), yet their composition, assembly, downstream signaling and in vivo functions remain largely unclear. Here, we address these questions using in vivo microscopy in zebrafish spinal cord and identify postsynaptic molecules PSD-95 and gephyrin in OPCs. The puncta containing these molecules in OPCs increase during early development and decrease upon OPC differentiation. These puncta are highly dynamic and frequently assemble at 'hotspots'. Gephyrin hotspots and synapse-associated Ca2+ activity in OPCs predict where a subset of myelin sheaths forms in differentiated oligodendrocytes. Further analyses reveal that spontaneous synaptic release is integral to OPC Ca2+ activity, while evoked synaptic release contributes only in early development. Finally, disruption of the synaptic genes dlg4a/dlg4b, gphnb and nlgn3b impairs OPC differentiation and myelination. Together, we propose that neuron-OPC synapses are dynamically assembled and can predetermine myelination patterns through Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Li
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Maas DA, Manot-Saillet B, Bun P, Habermacher C, Poilbout C, Rusconi F, Angulo MC. Versatile and automated workflow for the analysis of oligodendroglial calcium signals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:15. [PMID: 38194116 PMCID: PMC11073395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Although intracellular Ca2+ signals of oligodendroglia, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, regulate vital cellular processes including myelination, few studies on oligodendroglia Ca2+ signal dynamics have been carried out and existing software solutions are not adapted to the analysis of the complex Ca2+ signal characteristics of these cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive solution to analyze oligodendroglia Ca2+ imaging data at the population and single-cell levels. We describe a new analytical pipeline containing two free, open source and cross-platform software programs, Occam and post-prOccam, that enable the fully automated analysis of one- and two-photon Ca2+ imaging datasets from oligodendroglia obtained by either ex vivo or in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques. Easily configurable, our software solution is optimized to obtain unbiased results from large datasets acquired with different imaging techniques. Compared to other recent software, our solution proved to be fast, low memory demanding and faithful in the analysis of oligodendroglial Ca2+ signals in all tested imaging conditions. Our versatile and accessible Ca2+ imaging data analysis tool will facilitate the elucidation of Ca2+-mediated mechanisms in oligodendroglia. Its configurability should also ensure its suitability with new use cases such as other glial cell types or even cells outside the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A Maas
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Team: Interactions Between Neurons and Oligodendroglia in Myelination and Myelin Repair", 75014, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Manot-Saillet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Team: Interactions Between Neurons and Oligodendroglia in Myelination and Myelin Repair", 75014, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "NeurImag Platform", 75014, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Habermacher
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Team: Interactions Between Neurons and Oligodendroglia in Myelination and Myelin Repair", 75014, Paris, France
- SynapCell, Bâtiment Synergy Zac Isiparc, 38330, Saint Ismier, France
| | - Corinne Poilbout
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Team: Interactions Between Neurons and Oligodendroglia in Myelination and Myelin Repair", 75014, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Rusconi
- IDEEV, GQE, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 12, Route 128, 91272, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Team: Interactions Between Neurons and Oligodendroglia in Myelination and Myelin Repair", 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France.
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