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Kunz HH, Armbruster U, Mühlbauer S, de Vries J, Davis GA. Chloroplast ion homeostasis - what do we know and where should we go? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:543-559. [PMID: 38515227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant yields heavily depend on proper macro- and micronutrient supply from the soil. In the leaf cells, nutrient ions fulfill specific roles in biochemical reactions, especially photosynthesis housed in the chloroplast. Here, a well-balanced ion homeostasis is maintained by a number of ion transport proteins embedded in the envelope and thylakoid membranes. Ten years ago, the first alkali metal transporters from the K+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTER family were discovered in the model plant Arabidopsis. Since then, our knowledge about the physiological importance of these carriers and their substrates has greatly expanded. New insights into the role of alkali ions in plastid gene expression and photoprotective mechanisms, both prerequisites for plant productivity in natural environments, were gained. The discovery of a Cl- channel in the thylakoid and several additional plastid alkali and alkali metal transport proteins have advanced the field further. Nevertheless, scientists still have long ways to go before a complete systemic understanding of the chloroplast's ion transportome will emerge. In this Tansley review, we highlight and discuss the achievements of the last decade. More importantly, we make recommendations on what areas to prioritize, so the field can reach the next milestones. One area, laid bare by our similarity-based comparisons among phototrophs is our lack of knowledge what ion transporters are used by cyanobacteria to buffer photosynthesis fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Institute of Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Mühlbauer
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geoffry A Davis
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Yao P, Vanneste S, Navazio L, Van Breusegem F, Stael S. Chemical Perturbation of Chloroplast Ca 2+ Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures and Seedlings. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:149-158. [PMID: 35467206 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is part of universal signal transduction pathways to respond to external and internal stimuli or stress and in plants plays a central role in chloroplasts, such as in the regulation of photosynthetic enzymes or the transition from light to dark. Only recently, the underlying molecular machinery, e.g., transporters and channels that enable chloroplast Ca2+ fluxes, has started to be elucidated. However, chemical tools to specifically perturb these chloroplast Ca2+ fluxes are largely lacking. Here, we describe an efficient aequorin-based system in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell cultures to screen for chemicals that alter light-to-dark-induced chloroplast stroma Ca2+ signals. Subsequently, the effect of the hits on chloroplast Ca2+ signals is validated in Arabidopsis seedlings. The research lays a foundation for the identification of novel proteins involved in Ca2+ transport in chloroplast stroma under light-to-dark transition and for investigating the interaction of chloroplast Ca2+ signaling with photosynthesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Yao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lorella Navazio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
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He J, Rössner N, Hoang MTT, Alejandro S, Peiter E. Transport, functions, and interaction of calcium and manganese in plant organellar compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1940-1972. [PMID: 35235665 PMCID: PMC8890496 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and manganese (Mn2+) are essential elements for plants and have similar ionic radii and binding coordination. They are assigned specific functions within organelles, but share many transport mechanisms to cross organellar membranes. Despite their points of interaction, those elements are usually investigated and reviewed separately. This review takes them out of this isolation. It highlights our current mechanistic understanding and points to open questions of their functions, their transport, and their interplay in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vesicular compartments (Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, pre-vacuolar compartment), vacuoles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Complex processes demanding these cations, such as Mn2+-dependent glycosylation or systemic Ca2+ signaling, are covered in some detail if they have not been reviewed recently or if recent findings add to current models. The function of Ca2+ as signaling agent released from organelles into the cytosol and within the organelles themselves is a recurrent theme of this review, again keeping the interference by Mn2+ in mind. The involvement of organellar channels [e.g. glutamate receptor-likes (GLR), cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC), mitochondrial conductivity units (MCU), and two-pore channel1 (TPC1)], transporters (e.g. natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), Ca2+ exchangers (CAX), metal tolerance proteins (MTP), and bivalent cation transporters (BICAT)], and pumps [autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACA) and ER Ca2+-ATPases (ECA)] in the import and export of organellar Ca2+ and Mn2+ is scrutinized, whereby current controversial issues are pointed out. Mechanisms in animals and yeast are taken into account where they may provide a blueprint for processes in plants, in particular, with respect to tunable molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ versus Mn2+ selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Rössner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Minh T T Hoang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Santiago Alejandro
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Author for communication:
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Luo W, Huan Q, Xu Y, Qian W, Chong K, Zhang J. Integrated global analysis reveals a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network, downstream of COLD1, underlying rice chilling tolerance divergence. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109397. [PMID: 34289369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, a staple food with tropical/subtropical origination, is susceptible to cold stress, one of the major constraints on its yield and distribution. Asian cultivated rice consists of two subspecies with diverged chilling tolerance to adapt to different environments. The mechanism underlying this divergence remains obscure with a few known factors, including membrane protein CHILLING-TOLERANCE DIVERGENCE 1 (COLD1). Here, we reveal a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network responsible for chilling tolerance divergence through global analyses. Rice genome regions responsible for tolerance divergence are identified with chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs). Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of chilling-tolerant CSSL4-1 and parent lines uncovered a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network in chloroplast with tocopherol (vitamin E) mediating chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling. COLD1, located in the substitution segment in CSSL4-1, is confirmed as its upstream regulator by transgenic material analysis. Our work uncovers a pathway downstream of COLD1, through which rice modulates chilling tolerance for thermal adaptation, with potential utility in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenfeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Moreau S, van Aubel G, Janky R, Van Cutsem P. Chloroplast Electron Chain, ROS Production, and Redox Homeostasis Are Modulated by COS-OGA Elicitation in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597589. [PMID: 33381134 PMCID: PMC7768011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of plant innate immunity by elicitors is an emerging technique in agriculture that contributes more and more to residue-free crop protection. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to study gene transcription in tomato leaves treated three times with the chitooligosaccharides-oligogalacturonides (COS-OGA) elicitor FytoSave® that induces plants to fend off against biotrophic pathogens. Results showed a clear upregulation of sequences that code for chloroplast proteins of the electron transport chain, especially Photosystem I (PSI) and ferredoxin. Concomitantly, stomatal conductance decreased by half, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] content and reactive oxygen species production doubled, but fresh and dry weights were unaffected. Chlorophyll, β-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin contents decreased consistently upon repeated elicitations. Fluorescence measurements indicated a transient decrease of the effective PSII quantum yield and a non-photochemical quenching increase but only after the first spraying. Taken together, this suggests that plant defense induction by COS-OGA induces a long-term acclimation mechanism and increases the role of the electron transport chain of the chloroplast to supply electrons needed to mount defenses targeted to the apoplast without compromising biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moreau
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Géraldine van Aubel
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Van Cutsem
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
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Navazio L, Formentin E, Cendron L, Szabò I. Chloroplast Calcium Signaling in the Spotlight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:186. [PMID: 32226434 PMCID: PMC7081724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has long been known to regulate the metabolism of chloroplasts, concerning both light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis, as well as additional non photosynthesis-related processes. In addition to undergo Ca2+ regulation, chloroplasts can also influence the overall Ca2+ signaling pathways of the plant cell. Compelling evidence indicate that chloroplasts can generate specific stromal Ca2+ signals and contribute to the fine tuning of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling in response to different environmental stimuli. The recent set up of a toolkit of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators, targeted to different chloroplast subcompartments (envelope, stroma, thylakoids) has helped to unravel the participation of chloroplasts in intracellular Ca2+ handling in resting conditions and during signal transduction. Intra-chloroplast Ca2+ signals have been demonstrated to occur in response to specific environmental stimuli, suggesting a role for these plant-unique organelles in transducing Ca2+-mediated stress signals. In this mini-review we present current knowledge of stimulus-specific intra-chloroplast Ca2+ transients, as well as recent advances in the identification and characterization of Ca2+-permeable channels/transporters localized at chloroplast membranes. In particular, the potential role played by cMCU, a chloroplast-localized member of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) family, as component of plant environmental sensing is discussed in detail, taking into account some specific structural features of cMCU. In summary, the recent molecular identification of some players of chloroplast Ca2+ signaling has opened new avenues in this rapidly developing field and will hopefully allow a deeper understanding of the role of chloroplasts in shaping physiological responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Navazio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ildikò Szabò,
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