1
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Wu H, Zhang R, Scanlon MJ. Genetic analyses of embryo homology and ontogeny in the model grass Zea mays subsp. mays. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38924134 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The homology of the single cotyledon of grasses and the ontogeny of the scutellum and coleoptile as the initial, highly modified structures of the grass embryo are investigated using leaf developmental genetics and targeted transcript analyses in the model grass Zea mays subsp. mays. Transcripts of leaf developmental genes are identified in both the initiating scutellum and the coleoptile, while mutations disrupting mediolateral leaf development also disrupt scutellum and coleoptile morphology, suggesting that these grass-specific organs are modified leaves. Higher-order mutations in WUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOX3 (WOX3) genes, involved in mediolateral patterning of plant lateral organs, inform a model for the fusion of coleoptilar margins during maize embryo development. Genetic, RNA-targeting, and morphological evidence supports models for cotyledon evolution where the scutellum and coleoptile, respectively, comprise the distal and proximal domains of the highly modified, single grass cotyledon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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2
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Chen W, Wang P, Liu C, Han Y, Zhao F. Male Germ Cell Specification in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6643. [PMID: 38928348 PMCID: PMC11204311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Germ cells (GCs) serve as indispensable carriers in both animals and plants, ensuring genetic continuity across generations. While it is generally acknowledged that the timing of germline segregation differs significantly between animals and plants, ongoing debates persist as new evidence continues to emerge. In this review, we delve into studies focusing on male germ cell specifications in plants, and we summarize the core gene regulatory circuits in germ cell specification, which show remarkable parallels to those governing meristem homeostasis. The similarity in germline establishment between animals and plants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (W.C.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Pan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (W.C.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (W.C.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuting Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (W.C.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (W.C.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shanghai 201108, China
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3
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Yang Z, Gu J, Zhao M, Fan X, Guo H, Xie Y, Zhang J, Xiong H, Zhao L, Zhao S, Ding Y, Kong F, Sui L, Xu L, Liu L. Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of QTL for the Erect Leaf in Mutant mths29 Induced through Fast Neutron in Wheat. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:430. [PMID: 38927310 PMCID: PMC11201221 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The erect leaf plays a crucial role in determining plant architecture, with its growth and development regulated by genetic factors. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive studies on the regulatory mechanisms governing wheat lamina joint development, thus failing to meet current breeding demands. In this study, a wheat erect leaf mutant, mths29, induced via fast neutron mutagenesis, was utilized for QTL fine mapping and investigation of lamina joint development. Genetic analysis of segregating populations derived from mths29 and Jimai22 revealed that the erect leaf trait was controlled by a dominant single gene. Using BSR sequencing and map-based cloning techniques, the QTL responsible for the erect leaf trait was mapped to a 1.03 Mb physical region on chromosome 5A. Transcriptome analysis highlighted differential expression of genes associated with cell division and proliferation, as well as several crucial transcription factors and kinases implicated in lamina joint development, particularly in the boundary cells of the preligule zone in mths29. These findings establish a solid foundation for understanding lamina joint development and hold promise for potential improvements in wheat plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.Y.); (X.F.); (L.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jiayu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Dry-Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.Y.); (X.F.); (L.X.)
| | - Huijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yongdun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Linshu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Fuquan Kong
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China; (F.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Sui
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China; (F.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Le Xu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.Y.); (X.F.); (L.X.)
| | - Luxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, CAEA Research and Development Center on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (H.G.); (Y.X.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.D.)
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Liu D, Ning Q, Zhai L, Teng F, Li Y, Zhao R, Xiong Q, Zhan J, Li Z, Yang F, Zhang Z, Liu L. Coordinated control for the auricle asymmetric development by ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 fine-tune the high-density planting adaption in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38816933 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple distinct specialized regions shape the architecture of maize leaves. Among them, the fringe-like and wedge-shaped auricles alter the angle between the leaf and stalk, which is a key trait in crop plant architecture. As planting density increased, a small leaf angle (LA) was typically selected to promote crop light capture efficiency and yield. In the present study, we characterized two paralogous INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes, ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15, which contain the Cys2-His2 zinc finger domain and function redundantly to regulate auricle development and LA in maize. Loss-of-function mutants showed decreased LA by reducing adaxial sclerenchyma thickness and increasing the colourless cell layers. In addition, the idd14;idd15 double mutant exhibited asymmetrically smaller auricles, which might cause by a failed maintenance of symmetric expression of the key auricle size controlling gene, LIGULELESS(LG1). The transcripts of ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 enriched in the ligular region, where LG1 was highly expressed, and both proteins physically interacted with ZmILI1 to promote LG1 transcription. Notably, the idd14;idd15 enhanced the grain yield of hybrids under high planting densities by shaping the plant architecture with a smaller LA. These findings demonstrate the functions of ZmIDD14 and ZmIDD15 in controlling the abaxial/adaxial development of sclerenchyma in the midrib and polar development along the medial-lateral axes of auricles and provide an available tool for high-density and high-yield breeding in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Teng
- Hubei Tenglong Seed Co., Ltd, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yunfu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jimin Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Hu Y, Tang F, Zhang D, Shen S, Peng X. Integrating genome-wide association and transcriptome analysis to provide molecular insights into heterophylly and eco-adaptability in woody plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad212. [PMID: 38046852 PMCID: PMC10689056 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterophylly is regard as an important adaptive mechanism in response to different environments within plants. However, the genetic mechanisms responsible for heterophylly in woody plants are still poorly understood. Herein, the divergence of heterophyllous leaves was investigated at morphogenesis and using microdissection and physiological indexes in paper mulberry, and the genetic basis of heterophylly was further revealed combined with genome-wide association study (GWAS), transcriptome analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Our results revealed that the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity increased gradually from the entire leaf to the palmatisect leaf, while the hormone content and net photosynthetic rate decreased. Through GWAS and transcriptome analysis, a total of 98 candidate genes and 2338 differentially expressed genes associated with heterophylly were identified. Importantly, we uncovered critical variations in the candidate genes Bp07g0981 (WOX) and Bp07g0920 (HHO), along with significant differences in haplotypes and expression levels among heterophyllous leaves. Our results also suggested that the genes involved in hormone signaling pathways, antioxidant activity, and flavonoid metabolism might be closely related to the heterophylly of paper mulberry, which could account for the physiological data. Indeed, CR-wox mutant lines showed significant changes in leaf phenotypes, and differential expression profile analysis also highlighted the expression of genes related to phytohormones and transcription factors. Together, the genetic variations and candidate genes detected in this study provide novel insights into the genetic mechanism of heterophylly, and would improve the understanding of eco-adaptability in heterophyllous woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shihua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xianjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Neher WR, Rasmussen CG, Braybrook SA, Lažetić V, Stowers CE, Mooney PT, Sylvester AW, Springer PS. The maize preligule band is subdivided into distinct domains with contrasting cellular properties prior to ligule outgrowth. Development 2023; 150:dev201608. [PMID: 37539661 PMCID: PMC10629682 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The maize ligule is an epidermis-derived structure that arises from the preligule band (PLB) at a boundary between the blade and sheath. A hinge-like auricle also develops immediately distal to the ligule and contributes to blade angle. Here, we characterize the stages of PLB and early ligule development in terms of topography, cell area, division orientation, cell wall rigidity and auxin response dynamics. Differential thickening of epidermal cells and localized periclinal divisions contributed to the formation of a ridge within the PLB, which ultimately produces the ligule fringe. Patterns in cell wall rigidity were consistent with the subdivision of the PLB into two regions along a distinct line positioned at the nascent ridge. The proximal region produces the ligule, while the distal region contributes to one epidermal face of the auricles. Although the auxin transporter PIN1 accumulated in the PLB, observed differential auxin transcriptional response did not underlie the partitioning of the PLB. Our data demonstrate that two zones with contrasting cellular properties, the preligule and preauricle, are specified within the ligular region before ligule outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R. Neher
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Carolyn G. Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Siobhan A. Braybrook
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vladimir Lažetić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Claire E. Stowers
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Paul T. Mooney
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Anne W. Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Patricia S. Springer
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Zhang J, Nelissen H. The cutting edge of grass leaves. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:691-692. [PMID: 37142752 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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