1
|
Roy R, Stevens KC, Treaster KA, Sumerlin BS, McGaughey AJH, Malen JA, Evans AM. Intrinsically thermally conductive polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3267-3286. [PMID: 38747574 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe the design features that lead to intrinsically thermally conductive polymers. Though polymers are conventionally assumed to be thermal insulators (<0.3 W m-1 K-1), significant efforts by the thermal transport community have shown that polymers can be intrinsically thermally conductive (>1.0 W m-1 K-1). However, these findings have not yet driven comprehensive synthetic efforts to expose how different macromolecular features impact thermal conductivity. Preliminary theoretical and experimental investigations have revealed that high k polymers can be realized by enhancing the alignment, crystallinity, and intermolecular interactions. While a holistic mechanistic framework does not yet exist for thermal transport in polymeric materials, contemporary literature suggests that phonon-like heat carriers may be operative in macromolecules that meet the abovementioned criteria. In this review, we offer a perspective on how high thermal conductivity polymers can be systematically engineered from this understanding. Reports for several classes of macromolecules, including linear polymers, network polymers, liquid-crystalline polymers, and two-dimensional polymers substantiate the design principles we propose. Throughout this work, we offer opportunities for continued fundamental and technological development of polymers with high thermal conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Kaden C Stevens
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Kiana A Treaster
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Alan J H McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- Deparmtent of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kundu A, Chen Y, Yang X, Meng F, Carrete J, Kabir M, Madsen GKH, Li W. Electron-Induced Nonmonotonic Pressure Dependence of the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of θ-TaN. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:116301. [PMID: 38563917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental research suggests that θ-TaN is a semimetal with high thermal conductivity (κ), primarily due to the contribution of phonons (κ_{ph}). By using first-principles calculations, we show a nonmonotonic pressure dependence of the κ of θ-TaN. κ_{ph} first increases until it reaches a maximum at around 60 GPa, and then decreases. This anomalous behavior is a consequence of the competing pressure responses of phonon-phonon and phonon-electron interactions, in contrast to the known materials BAs and BP, where the nonmonotonic pressure dependence is caused by the interplay between different phonon-phonon scattering channels. Although TaN has phonon dispersion features similar to BAs at ambient pressure, its response to pressure is different and an overall stiffening of the phonon branches takes place. Consequently, the relevant phonon-phonon scattering weakens as pressure increases. However, the increased electronic density of states near the Fermi level, and specifically the emergence of additional pockets of the Fermi surface at the high-symmetry L point in the Brillouin zone, leads to a substantial increase in phonon-electron scattering at high pressures, driving a decrease in κ_{ph}. At intermediate pressures (∼20-70 GPa), the κ of TaN surpasses that of BAs. Our Letter provides deeper insight into phonon transport in semimetals and metals where phonon-electron scattering is relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kundu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, P.O. 411008, India
| | - Yani Chen
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315200, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fanchen Meng
- Research Computing and Data, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mukul Kabir
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, P.O. 411008, India
| | - Georg K H Madsen
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wu Li
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315200, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|