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Tran KK, Lee PY, Finkelstein DI, McKendrick AM, Nguyen BN, Bui BV, Nguyen CT. Altered Outer Retinal Structure, Electrophysiology and Visual Perception in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:167-180. [PMID: 38189711 PMCID: PMC10836541 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attractive as the retina is an outpouching of the brain. Although inner retinal neurodegeneration in PD is well-established this has overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases and thus outer retinal (photoreceptor) measures warrant further investigation. OBJECTIVE To examine in a cross-sectional study whether clinically implementable measures targeting outer retinal function and structure can differentiate PD from healthy ageing and whether these are sensitive to intraday levodopa (L-DOPA) dosing. METHODS Centre-surround perceptual contrast suppression, macular visual field sensitivity, colour discrimination, light-adapted electroretinography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were tested in PD participants (n = 16) and controls (n = 21). Electroretinography and OCT were conducted before and after midday L-DOPA in PD participants, or repeated after ∼2 hours in controls. RESULTS PD participants had decreased center-surround contrast suppression (p < 0.01), reduced macular visual field sensitivity (p < 0.05), color vision impairment (p < 0.01) photoreceptor dysfunction (a-wave, p < 0.01) and photoreceptor neurodegeneration (outer nuclear layer thinning, p < 0.05), relative to controls. Effect size comparison between inner and outer retinal parameters showed that photoreceptor metrics were similarly robust in differentiating the PD group from age-matched controls as inner retinal changes. Electroretinography and OCT were unaffected by L-DOPA treatment or time. CONCLUSIONS We show that outer retinal outcomes of photoreceptoral dysfunction (decreased cone function and impaired color vision) and degeneration (i.e., outer nuclear layer thinning) were equivalent to inner retinal metrics at differentiating PD from healthy age-matched adults. These findings suggest outer retinal metrics may serve as useful biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K.N. Tran
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M. McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T.O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Tatti E, Cacciola A, Carrara F, Luciani A, Quartarone A, Ghilardi MF. Movement-related ERS and connectivity in the gamma frequency decrease with practice. Neuroimage 2023; 284:120444. [PMID: 37926216 PMCID: PMC10758293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work showed that movements are accompanied by modulation of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in both beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz) ranges. The amplitude of beta event-related synchronization (ERS) is not linked to movement characteristics, but progressively increases with motor practice, returning to baseline after a period of rest. Conversely, movement-related gamma ERS amplitude is proportional to movement distance and velocity. Here, high-density EEG was recorded in 51 healthy subjects to investigate whether i) three-hour practice in two learning tasks, one with a motor component and one without, affects gamma ERS amplitude and connectivity during a motor reaching test, and ii) 90-minutes of either sleep or quiet rest have an effect on gamma oscillatory activity. We found that, while gamma ERS was appropriately scaled to the target extent at all testing points, its amplitude decreased after practice, independently of the type of interposed learning, and after both quiet wake and nap, with partial correlations with subjective fatigue scores. During movement execution, connectivity patterns within fronto-parieto-occipital electrodes, over areas associated with attentional networks, decreased after both practice and after 90-minute rest. While confirming the prokinetic nature of movement-related gamma ERS, these findings demonstrated the preservation of gamma ERS scaling to movement velocity with practice, despite constant amplitude reduction. We thus speculate that such decreases, differently from the practice-related increases of beta ERS, are related to reduced attention or working memory mechanisms due to fatigue or a switch of strategy toward automatization of movement execution and do not specifically reflect plasticity phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, United States.
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Center for Complex Network Intelligence (CCNI), Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Federico Carrara
- Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic University of Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Luciani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, United States; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS-Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C. da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - M Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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A Survey on EEG Signal Processing Techniques and Machine Learning: Applications to the Neurofeedback of Autobiographical Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10233037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a general overview regarding neural recording, classical signal processing techniques and machine learning classification algorithms applied to monitor brain activity is presented. Currently, several approaches classified as electrical, magnetic, neuroimaging recordings and brain stimulations are available to obtain neural activity of the human brain. Among them, non-invasive methods like electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly employed, as they can provide a high degree of temporal resolution (on the order of milliseconds) and acceptable space resolution. In addition, it is simple, quick, and does not create any physical harm or stress to patients. Concerning signal processing, once the neural signals are acquired, different procedures can be applied for feature extraction. In particular, brain signals are normally processed in time, frequency, and/or space domains. The features extracted are then used for signal classification depending on its characteristics such us the mean, variance or band power. The role of machine learning in this regard has become of key importance during the last years due to its high capacity to analyze complex amounts of data. The algorithms employed are generally classified in supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement techniques. A deep review of the most used machine learning algorithms and the advantages/drawbacks of most used methods is presented. Finally, a study of these procedures utilized in a very specific and novel research field of electroencephalography, i.e., autobiographical memory deficits in schizophrenia, is outlined.
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Baker DH, Vilidaite G, Wade AR. Steady-state measures of visual suppression. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009507. [PMID: 34644292 PMCID: PMC8544832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early visual system, suppression occurs between neurons representing different stimulus properties. This includes features such as orientation (cross-orientation suppression), eye-of-origin (interocular suppression) and spatial location (surround suppression), which are thought to involve distinct anatomical pathways. We asked if these separate routes to suppression can be differentiated by their pattern of gain control on the contrast response function measured in human participants using steady-state electroencephalography. Changes in contrast gain shift the contrast response function laterally, whereas changes in response gain scale the function vertically. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to summarise the evidence for each type of gain control. A computational meta-analysis of 16 previous studies found the most evidence for contrast gain effects with overlaid masks, but no clear evidence favouring either response gain or contrast gain for other mask types. We then conducted two new experiments, comparing suppression from four mask types (monocular and dichoptic overlay masks, and aligned and orthogonal surround masks) on responses to sine wave grating patches flickering at 5Hz. At the occipital pole, there was strong evidence for contrast gain effects in all four mask types at the first harmonic frequency (5Hz). Suppression generally became stronger at more lateral electrode sites, but there was little evidence of response gain effects. At the second harmonic frequency (10Hz) suppression was stronger overall, and involved both contrast and response gain effects. Although suppression from different mask types involves distinct anatomical pathways, gain control processes appear to serve a common purpose, which we suggest might be to suppress less reliable inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Baker
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Vilidaite
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. Wade
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Rehan S, Giroud N, Al-Yawer F, Wittich W, Phillips N. Visual Performance and Cortical Atrophy in Vision-Related Brain Regions Differ Between Older Adults with (or at Risk for) Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1125-1148. [PMID: 34397410 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairment is associated with deficits in cognitive function and risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the degree of visual impairment and explore the association thereof with cortical atrophy in brain regions associated with visual processing in individuals with (or at risk for) AD. METHODS Using the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) dataset, we analyzed vision and brain imaging data from three diagnostic groups: individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; N = 35), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 74), and mild AD (N = 30). We used ANCOVAs to determine whether performance on reading acuity and contrast sensitivity tests differed across diagnostic groups. Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to determine whether visual performance predicted gray matter volume for vision-related regions of interest above and beyond group membership. RESULTS The AD group performed significantly worse on reading acuity (F(2,138) = 4.12, p < 0.01, ω 2 = 0.04) compared to the SCD group and on contrast sensitivity (F(2,138) = 7.6, p < 0.01, ω 2 = 0.09) compared to the SCD and MCI groups, which did not differ from each other. Visual performance was associated with volume in some vision-related structures beyond clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate poor visual performance in AD and that both group membership and visual performance are predictors of cortical pathology, consistent with the idea that atrophy in visual areas and pathways contributes to the functional vision deficits observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rehan
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development>, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Giroud
- Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Faisal Al-Yawer
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development>, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Walter Wittich
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development>, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Wittevrongel B, Khachatryan E, Carrette E, Boon P, Meurs A, Van Roost D, Van Hulle MM. High-gamma oscillations precede visual steady-state responses: A human electrocorticography study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5341-5355. [PMID: 32885895 PMCID: PMC7670637 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The robust steady-state cortical activation elicited by flickering visual stimulation has been exploited by a wide range of scientific studies. As the fundamental neural response inherits the spectral properties of the gazed flickering, the paradigm has been used to chart cortical characteristics and their relation to pathologies. However, despite its widespread adoption, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that the fundamental response is preceded by high-gamma (55-125 Hz) oscillations which are also synchronised to the gazed frequency. Using a subdural recording of the primary and associative visual cortices of one human subject, we demonstrate that the latencies of the high-gamma and fundamental components are highly correlated on a single-trial basis albeit that the latter is consistently delayed by approximately 55 ms. These results corroborate previous reports that top-down feedback projections are involved in the generation of the fundamental response, but, in addition, we show that trial-to-trial variability in fundamental latency is paralleled by a highly similar variability in high-gamma latency. Pathology- or paradigm-induced alterations in steady-state responses could thus originate either from deviating visual gamma responses or from aberrations in the neural feedback mechanism. Experiments designed to tease apart the two processes are expected to provide deeper insights into the studied paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evelien Carrette
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental NeurophysiologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental NeurophysiologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Alfred Meurs
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental NeurophysiologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Dirk Van Roost
- Department of NeurosurgeryGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
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