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Usman A, Khoo KS, Ariffin MM, Loh SH, Wan Mohd Khalik WMA, Yusoff HM, Zango ZU, Aldaghri O, Ibnaouf KH, Eisa MH, Binzowaimil AM, Lim JW. Adsorption of terbutaline β-agonists from wastewater by mechano-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles modified copper (II) isonicotinate metal-organic framework. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119413. [PMID: 38876422 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Frequent detection of terbutaline in wastewater highlights its potential risks to human health associated in the environment. Exposure to terbutaline through contaminated water sources or food chain have adverse effects to human health. This work emphasized on the removal of terbutaline from wastewater using adsorption technology. Mechanochemically synthesized [Cu(INA)2] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and its magnetic composite ([Cu(INA)2]-MOF@Fe3O4) are designed with higher specific surface areas and tailored features to accommodate the molecular size and structure of terbutaline. Thus, batch experiment has been conducted using the [Cu(INA)2]-MOF and [Cu(INA)2]-MOF@Fe3O4 for the terbutaline adsorption. The adsorption efficiency achieved by the MOFs was 91.8% and 99.3% for the Cu(INA)2]-MOF and [Cu(INA)2]-MOF@Fe3O4 respectively. The optimum for the adsorption study included terbutaline concentration of 40 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 5 mg/L, pH of 11, temperature of 25 °C and equilibrium time of 40 minutes. The kinetics and isotherms have been described by pseudo-second order and Langmuir models, while the thermodynamics revealed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the process. The promising performance of the MOFs is manifested on the ease of regeneration and reusability, achieving adsorption efficiency of 85.0% and 94.7% by the Cu(INA)2]-MOF and [Cu(INA)2]-MOF@Fe3O4, respectively at five consecutive cycles. The higher performance of the MOFs demonstrates their excellent potentialities for the terbutaline adsorption from the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaya'u Usman
- Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina City 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marinah Mohd Ariffin
- Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Saw Hong Loh
- Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik
- Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Mohd Yusoff
- Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina City 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Osamah Aldaghri
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M H Eisa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed M Binzowaimil
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Suh DI, Johnston SL. The Wiser Strategy of Using Beta-Agonists in Asthma: Mechanisms and Rationales. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:217-234. [PMID: 38910281 PMCID: PMC11199159 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the safety of beta-2 agonists have led to revisions of the major asthma guidelines to better address these issues. Although these updates allow for a combination of previous and current strategies, they may confuse clinical practitioners. Beta-2 agonists are vital for alleviating asthma symptoms by relaxing smooth muscles; however, they also pose significant risks by inducing pro-inflammatory mediators both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the risks of overuse and symptom masking, the use of beta-agonists alone at therapeutic doses can worsen airway inflammation and enhance virus-induced inflammation during asthma exacerbation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can effectively prevent these adverse effects. With new insights into the mechanisms of these adverse events, reserving short-acting beta-agonists for acute symptom relief during exacerbations and only for those who are already on ICS or oral steroids represents a careful approach to using beta-agonists with least adverse effects in patients with asthma. However, a major drawback of this approach is the potential non-compliance with ICS, leading to beta-agonist use without the necessary counteraction by ICS. An optimal strategy, both during and outside exacerbations, would integrate beta-agonists into an anti-inflammatory regimen that includes ICS, ideally combined with the same inhaler to ensure their concurrent use where finances allow. This would maintain the beneficial effects of beta-agonists, such as bronchodilation, while preventing the adverse effects from the induction of inflammatory mediators. This method is aligned with diverse clinical settings, maximizes the safe use of beta-agonists, and supports a comprehensive guideline-compliant management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Domingo C, Singh D. The Changing Asthma Management Landscape and Need for Appropriate SABA Prescription. Adv Ther 2023; 40:1301-1316. [PMID: 36715896 PMCID: PMC10070225 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Short-acting β2 agonists (SABAs) have been a mainstay of asthma treatment since the 1950s, and have been mainly recommended as-needed for symptom relief alongside daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-based maintenance treatment for the past 30 years. However, patient adherence to regular ICS-based anti-inflammatory maintenance therapy is frequently poor, leading to SABA overuse for symptom relief and associated poor outcomes. At present, there is a lack of consensus between treatment guidelines on how SABA should be used, and as-needed ICS-formoterol is suggested by some as an alternative reliever therapy. Here, we examine the pharmacology and current use of inhaled SABAs, identify that regular dosing of ICS can encourage appropriate SABA use, and appraise the evidence used to support the changing reliever treatment recommendations. We conclude that SABA continues to play an important role in the asthma management landscape, and give our views on how it should be used in patients with mild-moderate asthma, to complement regular ICS-based maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Domingo
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Sabadell, Barcelona Spain
- S. Pneumologia, Planta Primera, Edifici Tauli Nou, Corporació Sanitària Parc Tauli, Parc Tauli 1, 08208 Sabadell, Barcelona Spain
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Bateman ED, Price DB, Wang HC, Khattab A, Schonffeldt P, Catanzariti A, van der Valk RJP, Beekman MJHI. Short-acting β 2-agonist prescriptions are associated with poor clinical outcomes of asthma: the multi-country, cross-sectional SABINA III study. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01402-2021. [PMID: 34561293 PMCID: PMC9068976 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01402-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To gain a global perspective on short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) prescriptions and associated asthma-related clinical outcomes in patients with asthma, we assessed primary health data across 24 countries in five continents. Methods SABINA III was a cross-sectional study that employed electronic case report forms at a study visit (in primary or specialist care) to record prescribed medication(s), over-the-counter (OTC) SABA purchases and clinical outcomes in asthma patients (≥12 years old) during the past 12 months. In patients with ≥1 SABA prescriptions, associations of SABA with asthma symptom control and severe exacerbations were analysed using multivariable regression models. Results Of 8351 patients recruited (n=6872, specialists; n=1440, primary care), 76.5% had moderate-to-severe asthma and 45.4% experienced ≥1 severe exacerbations in the past 12 months. 38% of patients were prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters; 18.0% purchased OTC SABA, of whom 76.8% also received SABA prescriptions. Prescriptions of 3–5, 6–9, 10–12 and ≥13 SABA canisters (versus 1–2) were associated with increasingly lower odds of controlled or partly controlled asthma (adjusted OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.53–0.78), 0.49 (95% CI 0.39–0.61), 0.42 (95% CI 0.34–0.51) and 0.33 (95% CI 0.25–0.45), respectively; n=4597) and higher severe exacerbation rates (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.40 (95% CI 1.24–1.58), 1.52 (95% CI 1.33–1.74), 1.78 (95% CI 1.57–2.02) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.61–2.29), respectively; n=4612). Conclusions This study indicates an association between high SABA prescriptions and poor clinical outcomes across a broad range of countries, healthcare settings and asthma severities, providing support for initiatives to improve asthma morbidity by reducing SABA overreliance. Findings from SABINA III, which included 8351 patients from 24 countries, indicate that across treatment steps and clinical care settings, high SABA prescriptions were associated with higher rates of severe exacerbations and poorer asthma controlhttps://bit.ly/2VHBISg
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David B Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore.,Division of Applied Sciences, Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adel Khattab
- Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Patricia Schonffeldt
- Especialista Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional del Tórax ITMS Telemedicina de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Román Rodríguez M, Ginel Mendoza L, Blanco Aparicio M, Rodríguez Rodríguez M, Bárcena Caamaño M. [What not to do in the therapeutic management of bronchial asthma. Delphi consensus recommendations for physicians who treat asthma]. Aten Primaria 2021; 53:102101. [PMID: 34029773 PMCID: PMC8165326 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in Spain, yet despite the great diagnostic and therapeutic advances made in this field, health outcomes suggest that up to 80% of patients do not have their asthma well controlled. Although the causes of this situation are diverse, there are some practices among the professionals who treat asthma that are not conducive to improving health outcomes in this disease. Our working group has prepared this document in order to remind clinicians of a series of basic guidelines, aligned with current guidelines and recent literature, and agreed by a multidisciplinary expert panel using Delphi methodology. These recommendations about what not to do in the management of asthma in the adult patient are structured into four areas: diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and prevention of exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Román Rodríguez
- Medicina de familia y Comunitaria, Centro de salud Son Pisá, Palma Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, España
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Hadad R, Likhtenshtein D, Maimon N, Simon-Tuval T. Overuse of reliever inhalers and associated healthcare utilization of asthma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19155. [PMID: 33154546 PMCID: PMC7645652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global Initiative for Asthma 2019 guidelines recommend to avoid strengthening patients’ reliance on relievers since they increase exacerbation risk. Our aim was to examine the association between reliever inhalers overuse and all-cause healthcare utilization (HCU). A retrospective study among Clalit Health Services (CHS) adult enrollees (n = 977) for 2012–2017. Reliever inhalers overuse was defined as consistent prescription refills of ≥ 3 canisters annually. Adherence to controllers was calculated using the proportion of days covered. HCU included: hospitalizations, diagnostic and surgical procedures, medications, emergency room (ER) visits, and clinic visits. 27% of the study population (n = 264) consistently refilled ≥ 3 relievers prescriptions annually, and had higher adherence to controllers (0.38 vs. 0.24, p < 0.001). Their total 6-year HCU costs were not higher than that of others ($5,550 vs. $5,562, p = 0.107). Most HCU components [including hospitalization (p = 0.405) and ER visits (p = 0.884)] were comparable; however, medication costs were higher ($1734 vs. $1504, p < 0.001). A multivariable ordered-logit model revealed that frequent and regular use of relievers was not associated with higher HCU costs (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.62–1.09, p = 0.175). Higher adherence to maintenance and reliever therapy (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.44–3.28, p < 0.001), other controllers (OR = 3.30, 95% CI 2.11–5.16, p < 0.001), and nebulized SABAs and SAMAs (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14, p = 0.007) was associated with higher costs. Overuse of reliever inhalers was prevalent and associated with higher adherence to controllers, yet not associated with higher all-cause HCU. This highlights the need to examine the sources of elevated usage in order to develop intervention strategies to optimize pharmaceutical therapy of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Hadad
- Department of Health Systems Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Clalit Health Services, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Nimrod Maimon
- Division of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzahit Simon-Tuval
- Department of Health Systems Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Baggott C, Hardy J, Sparks J, Holliday M, Hall D, Vohlidkova A, Hancox RJ, Weatherall M, Fingleton J, Beasley R. Self-titration of inhaled corticosteroid and β 2-agonist in response to symptoms in mild asthma: a pre-specified analysis from the PRACTICAL randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00170-2020. [PMID: 32444401 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00170-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In mild asthma, as-needed budesonide-formoterol is superior or noninferior to maintenance budesonide plus as-needed short-acting β2-agonist in reducing severe exacerbations. In this pre-specified analysis, we investigated patterns of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and β2-agonist use in PRACTICAL, a randomised controlled trial. METHODS Participants were randomised 1:1 to as-needed budesonide-formoterol (200/6 μg Turbuhaler, one actuation) or maintenance budesonide (200 μg Turbuhaler, one actuation twice a day) with as-needed terbutaline (250 μg, two actuations) for 52 weeks. 110 participants had electronic monitors attached to their study inhalers which captured the time and date of every actuation. Key outcome measures were patterns of ICS and β2-agonist use. One actuation of budesonide-formoterol was considered to be an equivalent bronchodilator dose as two actuations of terbutaline. RESULTS Participants randomised to as-needed budesonide-formoterol had more days with no ICS use compared with maintenance budesonide (median total days of no use 156 versus 22 days, respectively), lower median daily budesonide dose (164 versus 328 μg, respectively) and a greater median number of days of ≥4 budesonide actuations (4 versus 1 days, respectively). Participants randomised to as-needed budesonide-formoterol took higher equivalent doses of β2-agonist both overall (median number of actuations 0.8 versus 0.3 per day, respectively) and in response to worsening asthma (total number of "overuse days" of >8 or >16 actuations of budesonide-formoterol or terbutaline 33 versus 10 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The timing of ICS dose when self-titrated to β2-agonist use is more important than total ICS dose in reducing severe exacerbation risk in mild asthma, when associated with greater overall use of as-needed β2-agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Baggott
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jo Hardy
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Sparks
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Daniela Hall
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert J Hancox
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Dept of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Martin MJ, Beasley R, Harrison TW. Towards a personalised treatment approach for asthma attacks. Thorax 2020; 75:1119-1129. [PMID: 32839286 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asthma attacks (exacerbations) are common, accounting for over 90 000 UK hospital admissions per annum. They kill nearly 1500 people per year in the UK, have significant associated direct and indirect costs and lead to accelerated and permanent loss of lung function. The recognition of asthma as a heterogeneous condition with multiple phenotypes has revolutionised the approach to the long-term management of the condition, with greater emphasis on personalised treatment and the introduction of the treatable traits concept. In contrast asthma attacks are poorly defined and understood and our treatment approach consists of bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids. This review aims to explore the current limitations in the description, assessment and management of asthma attacks. We will outline the risk factors for attacks, strategies to modify this risk and describe the recognised characteristics of attacks as a first step towards the development of an approach for phenotyping and personalising the treatment of these critically important events. By doing this, we hope to gradually improve asthma attack treatment and reduce the adverse effects associated with recurrent courses of corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Martin
- Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tim W Harrison
- Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Zhang O, Minku LL, Gonem S. Detecting asthma exacerbations using daily home monitoring and machine learning. J Asthma 2020; 58:1518-1527. [PMID: 32718193 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1802746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute exacerbations contribute significantly to the morbidity of asthma. Recent studies have shown that early detection and treatment of asthma exacerbations leads to improved outcomes. We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to detect severe asthma exacerbations using easily available daily monitoring data. METHODS We analyzed daily peak expiratory flow and symptom scores recorded by participants in the SAKURA study (NCT00839800), an international multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing budesonide/formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy versus budesonide/formoterol maintenance plus terbutaline as reliever, in adults with persistent asthma. The dataset consisted of 728,535 records of daily monitoring data in 2010 patients, with 576 severe exacerbation events. Data post-processing techniques included normalization, standardization, calculation of differences or slopes over time and the use of smoothing filters. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the large number of derived variables to a smaller number of linearly independent components. Logistic regression, decision tree, naïve Bayes, and perceptron algorithms were evaluated. Model accuracy was assessed using stratified cross-validation. The primary outcome was the detection of exacerbations on the same day or up to three days in the future. RESULTS The best model used logistic regression with input variables derived from post-processed data using principal components analysis. This had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 83% for severe asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSION Asthma exacerbations may be detected using machine learning algorithms applied to daily self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Zhang
- Department of Computer Engineering (INFO), INSA Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sherif Gonem
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Respiratory Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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[The management of asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease and global health problem: A position paper from the scientific societies]. Semergen 2020; 46:347-354. [PMID: 32224055 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent respiratory disease worldwide and it can affect people of all ages and is potentially fatal. Today, maintenance treatments are available that are effective in most patients, yet a significant proportion have poorly controlled disease, despite the resources on offer. This document, endorsed by members of the Spanish medical societies involved in the treatment of asthma, is intended to draw the attention of society and professionals to this problem in Spain. It focuses on the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of asthma, and proposes some actions for improvement as regards patients and healthcare professionals which, in view of the current results arising from inadequate asthma control, might be beneficial to improve outcomes for both patients and public health.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper offers a comprehensive review of interactive mobile allergy and asthma smartphone applications available within the USA in 2018, with an emphasis on interactive asthma apps. RECENT FINDINGS Primary care and specialty clinicians interested in introducing digital health apps into their practices will soon have more choices, for Apple® and major electronic medical record software companies are investing heavily in the mobile medical marketplace, guaranteeing personal health information and access to care will always be immediately available in one's digital hand. Interactive mobile asthma applications are valuable assets for patients and caregivers alike, for they offer immediate communications between patients and those responsible for providing for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kagen
- The Kagen Allergy Clinic, S.C, Appleton, WI, USA.
| | - Amy Garland
- The Kagen Allergy Clinic, S.C, Appleton, WI, USA
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