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Waickman AT, Lu JQ, Fang H, Waldran MJ, Gebo C, Currier JR, Ware L, Van Wesenbeeck L, Verpoorten N, Lenz O, Tambuyzer L, Herrera-Taracena G, Van Loock M, Endy TP, Thomas SJ. Evolution of inflammation and immunity in a dengue virus 1 human infection model. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5019. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics and subtropics. More than 400 million infections are estimated to occur every year, resulting in nearly 100 million symptomatic infections and more than 20,000 deaths. Early immune response kinetics to infection remain unclear, in large part due to the variable incubation period exhibited by the DENVs after introduction into a susceptible host. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a comprehensive virologic and immunologic analysis of individuals experimentally infected with the underattenuated DENV-1 strain 45AZ5. This analysis captured both the kinetics and composition of the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses elicited by experimental DENV-1 infection, as well as virologic and clinical features. We observed a robust DENV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody response that manifested between the appearance of DENV-specific IgM and IgG in all challenged individuals, as well as the presence of a non-neutralizing/NS1-specific antibody response that was delayed relative to the appearance of DENV virion–specific humoral immunity. RNA sequencing analysis revealed discrete and temporally restricted gene modules that correlated with acute viremia and the induction of adaptive immunity. Our analysis provides a detailed description, in time and space, of the evolving matrix of DENV-elicited human inflammation and immunity and reveals several previously unappreciated immunological aspects of primary DENV-1 infection that can inform countermeasure development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Joseph Q. Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - HengSheng Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Waldran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Chad Gebo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Lisa Ware
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy P. Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Stephen J. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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