1
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Fu W, Tian J, Ding Y, Wang X, Wang M, Wang Z. Copper-Catalyzed Site-Selective Electrophilic Aromatic Alkylation of Monosubstituted Simple Arenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2546-2551. [PMID: 38522077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed highly para-selective electrophilic aromatic alkylation of monosubstituted simple arenes has been accomplished. This method provides a practical platform for the transformation from simple commercial arenes to well-defined di- and multisubstituted aromatics with high added value. Control experiments and DFT calculations reveal that the achievement of the excellent site-selectivity is ascribed to the controlled deprotonation of the Wheland intermediates. Remarkably, the type of alkylating regent has been shown to have a significant impact on site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuanli Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zikun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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2
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Gu YW, Chen M, Deng W, Xu ZY. Computational Exploration of 1,2-Carboamine Carbonylation Catalyzed by Nickel. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4484-4495. [PMID: 38470436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes is a stereoselective and regioselective method for the synthesis of amide compounds. Theoretical predictions with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of norbornene. The carbonylation reaction proceeds through oxidative addition, migration insertion of alkenes, and subsequent reduction elimination to afford cis-carbonylation product. The C-N bond activation of amides is unfavorable because the oxidative addition ability of the C-C bond is stronger than that of the C-N bond. The determining step of stereoselectivity is the migratory insertion of the strained olefin. The structural analysis shows that steroselectivity is controlled by the steric hindrance of methyl groups to olefins and substituents to IMes in ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Gu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Man Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
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3
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Wang JY, Gao CH, Ma C, Wu XY, Ni SF, Tan W, Shi F. Design and Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Furan-Indole Compounds Bearing both Axial and Central Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316454. [PMID: 38155472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In the chemistry community, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality has proven to be a significant but challenging issue owing to the importance and difficulty in constructing such frameworks. In this work, we have realized the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of five-five-membered furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality via organocatalytic asymmetric (2+4) annulation of achiral furan-indoles with 2,3-indolyldimethanols with uncommon regioselectivity. By this strategy, furan-indole compounds bearing both axial and central chirality were synthesized in high yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Moreover, theoretical calculations were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction pathway, activation mode, and the origin of the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cong-Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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4
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Zhang HH, Li TZ, Liu SJ, Shi F. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Bearing Multiple Chiral Elements: An Emerging Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311053. [PMID: 37917574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of asymmetric catalysis, the demand for the enantioselective synthesis of complex and diverse molecules with different chiral elements is increasing. Owing to the unique features of atropisomerism, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers has attracted a considerable interest from the chemical science community. In particular, introducing additional chiral elements, such as carbon centered chirality, heteroatomic chirality, planar chirality, and helical chirality, into atropisomers provides an opportunity to incorporate new properties into axially chiral compounds, thus expanding the potential applications of atropisomers. Thus, it is important to perform catalytic asymmetric transformations to synthesize atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements. In spite of challenges in such transformations, in recent years, chemists have devised powerful strategies under asymmetric organocatalysis or metal catalysis, synthesizing a wide range of enantioenriched atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements. Therefore, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements has become an emerging field. This review summarizes the rapid progress in this field and indicates challenges, thereby promoting this field to a new horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Si-Jia Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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5
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Ma X, Tan M, Li L, Zhong Z, Li P, Liang J, Song Q. Ni-catalysed assembly of axially chiral alkenes from alkynyl tetracoordinate borons via 1,3-metallate shift. Nat Chem 2024; 16:42-53. [PMID: 38182763 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis based on a metallate shift of tetracoordinate borons is an intriguing and challenging topic. Despite the construction of central chirality from tetracoordinate boron species via a 1,2-metallate shift, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral compounds from such boron 'ate' complexes is an ongoing challenge. Axially chiral alkenes have received great attention due to their unique characteristics and intriguing molecular scaffolds. Here we report an enantioselective nickel-catalysed strategy for the construction of axially chiral alkenes via a 1,3-metallate shift of alkynyl tetracoordinate boron species. The chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and atroposelectivity can be regulated and well-controlled from readily accessible starting materials with a cheap transition-metal catalyst. Downstream transformations indicate the powerful conversion ability of such compounds in this protocol, and late-stage elaborations of bioactive compounds can also be achieved. Mechanistic experiments reveal that regioselective syn-addition of an aryl-Ni complex with a carbon-carbon triple bond and subsequent 1,3-phenyl migration are the two key steps for the synthesis of axially chiral alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengwei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zihao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Puhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinchao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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6
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Zhu L, Ren Y, Liu X, Xu S, Li T, Xu W, Li Z, Liu Y, Xiong B. Catalyst- and Additive-free, Regioselective 1,6-Hydroarylation of para-Quinone Methides with Anilines in HFIP. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300792. [PMID: 37845179 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of diarylmethyl-functionalized anilines through the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-mediated regioselective 1,6-hydroarylation reaction of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with anilines under catalyst- and additive-free conditions is reported. Various kinds of p-QMs and amines (e. g. primary, secondary and tertiary amines) are well tolerated in this transformation without the pre-protection of amino group, and the corresponding products could be generated with good to excellent yields and satisfactory regioselectivity under the optimized reaction conditions. In addition to adaptable amine compounds, indoles and their derivatives are also compatible with this reaction system. This transformation can be easily extended to a gram scale-synthesis level to synthesize the target product. Furthermore, it is worth noting that some complex small aniline molecules with biological activity can be selectively modified using this method. The possible reaction mechanism is proposed through the step-by-step control experiments and DFT calculations, showing that the key process for achieving the regioselective 1,6-hydroarylation of p-QMs is the hydrogen bonding effect of HFIP to substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Yining Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Xianping Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Shipan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Product and Goods Quality Inspection, Changsha, 410007 (P. R., China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Biquan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
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7
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Kee Cheng J, Tan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds Involving Indole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300147. [PMID: 37358342 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most ubiquitous subclass of N-heterocycles and are increasingly incorporated to design new axially chiral scaffolds. The rich profile of reactivity and N-H functionality allow chemical derivatization for enhanced medicinal, material and catalytic properties. Although asymmetric C-C coupling of two arenes gives the most direct access of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds, this chemistry has been the remit of metal catalysis and works efficiently on limited substrates. Our group has devoted special interest in devising novel organocatalytic arylation reactions to fabricate biaryl atropisomers. In this realm, indoles and derivatives have been reliably used as the arylation partners in combination with azoarenes, nitrosonapthalenes and quinone derivatives. Their efficient interaction with chiral phosphoric acid catalyst as well as the tunability of electronics and sterics have enabled excellent control of stereo-, chemo- and regioselectivity to furnish diverse scaffolds. In addition, indoles could act as nucleophiles in desymmetrization of 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones. This account provides a succinct illustration of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Da BC, Wang YB, Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Cross-Coupling of 1-Azonaphthalenes and 2-Naphthols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202303128. [PMID: 37186009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Atroposelective cross-coupling is one of the most appealing routes to construct axially chiral binaphthyl molecules due to the modular and succinct nature. Although transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings offer reliable synthetic means, alternative reaction modes that could be applied to broader substrate range without their pre-functionalization is highly desirable. Herein we show that the application of chiral Brønsted acid catalyst as organocatalyst could accomplish cross-coupling of 1-azonaphthalenes and 2-naphthols with high efficiency, exclusive C4-selectivity as well as excellent enantioselectivity and functional group compatibility. The identification of acylimidazolinone auxiliary for azo activating group, effective remote catalyst control and arene resonance effect synergistically play key roles in the development of this method. The utility is further demonstrated by transformations of the products into other binaphthyl compounds with perfectly retained axial chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Chao Da
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yong-Bin Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jun Kee Cheng
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Chemistry, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, CHINA
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9
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Yu L, Xu R, Yao YY, Lu Y, Liu FY, Tan W, Shi F. Organocatalytic ( Z/ E)-Selective Synthesis of 3-Vinylnaphthofurans via a Formal (3 + 2) Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3474-3486. [PMID: 36877987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition of 1,4-enediones with 2-naphthols was established under the catalysis of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as an organocatalyst, leading to the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 3-vinylnaphthofurans with high yields and excellent (Z/E)-selectivities (up to 96% yield, all >20:1 Z/E). This formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition involved a cascade reaction process, and the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the structure of 3-vinylnaphthofurans should play an important role in controlling the (Z/E)-selectivity of the newly formed vinyl group. Moreover, this class of 3-vinylnaphthofurans was discovered to have an axial chirality. This work provides an organocatalytic approach for constructing multi-substituted vinylnaphthofurans via a cascade reaction with excellent control of the (Z/E)-selectivity, which will serve as a useful strategy for synthesizing vinylnaphthofurans via in situ construction of the furan core and formation of the vinyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yan-Yi Yao
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fei-Yang Liu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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10
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Wu D, Qiu Z, Zhao C, Zhang W, Li F, Zhou J, Liu L. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines with Quinone Esters for the Construction of Carbazole and C-N Axially Chiral Carbazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated here an efficient synthetic method of carbazole derivatives from readily available N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines and quinone esters catalyzed by Brønsted acid. With this strategy, a series of carbazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (76 to >99) under mild conditions. Large scale reaction illustrated the synthetic utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, a series of C-N axially chiral carbazole derivatives were also constructed in moderate to good yields (36-89% yield) with moderate to excellent atroposelectivities (44-94% ee) by using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, which provides a novel strategy for the atroposelective construction of C-N axially chiral compounds and a new member of the C-N atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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11
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Chen ZH, Li TZ, Wang NY, Ma XF, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N,N'-Bisindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300419. [PMID: 36749711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole-based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3-diketoesters, where de novo indole-ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning-Yi Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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12
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Yu L, Liu J, Xiang S, Lu T, Ma P, Zhao Q. Silver-Catalyzed Direct Nucleophilic Cyclization: Enantioselective De Novo Synthesis of C-C Axially Chiral 2-Arylindoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:522-527. [PMID: 36652713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomeric indoles widely exist in natural products, pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and catalysts for their featured biological activities, photoelectric properties, and catalytic activities, while facile and de novo construction of this motif remains underexplored. Herein, we report a chiral silver phosphate-catalyzed direct 5-endo-dig nucleophilic cyclization of 2-alkynylanilins under mild conditions, affording various C-C axially chiral 2-arylindoles in high to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Control experiments implied the cooperative catalysis of AgOAc and chiral phosphoric acid, wherein the former accelerated the desired transformation while the latter improved the enantioselectivity. In addition, as the first example of silver-catalyzed enantioselective de novo synthesis of C-C axially chiral indole skeletons, synthetic applications and products' thermal stability have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shiyu Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qingyang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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13
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Gao W, Zhang D, Zhang X, Cai X, Xie P, Loh TP. One-Pot and Unsymmetrical Bis-Allylation of Malononitrile with Conjugated Dienes and Allylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:9355-9360. [PMID: 36519800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A Pd/Ca catalytic system to promote the unsymmetrical bis-allylation of malononitrile was developed by selecting conjugated dienes and allylic alcohols as allylic reagents. This catalytic system suppressed the competitive symmetrical bis-allylation process and guaranteed the desired unsymmetrical bis-allylation with high chemoselectivity. A wide range of conjugated dienes and allylic alcohols were tolerated well in this transformation, and diverse 1,6-dienes were obtained with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Gao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xinying Cai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Peizhong Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.,College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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14
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Wang HQ, Wu SF, Yang JR, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolyl-Pyrroloindoles Bearing Both Axial and Central Chirality. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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15
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Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Molecules: Development of Strategies and Skeletons. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2920-2937. [PMID: 36177502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The growing importance of axially chiral architectures in different scientific domains has unveiled shortcomings in terms of efficient synthetic access and skeletal variety. This account describes our strategies in answering these challenges within the organocatalytic context where the emergence of bifunctional catalysts such as chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has proven invaluable in controlling the sense of axial chirality. The wide occurrence of bi(hetero)aryl skeletons in privileged structures constitutes a strong motivation to devise more effective arylation methods. Our design revolves around modulating the intrinsic nucleophilicity of aromatic amines and alcohols. The first approach involves the design of an electron-withdrawing activating group which could associate with the catalyst for reactivity enhancement and selectivity control. The resonance of arenes offers the unique mechanistic possibility to select between activating sites. C2-Azo- and nitroso-substituted naphthalenes undergo atroposelective ortho C- or N-arylation with (hetero)aromatic nucleophiles. For monocyclic benzenes, programmable charge localization leads to regioselective activation by catalytic control alone or aided by substrate design. For instance, selective addition to nitroso nitrogen enables successive annulation initiated by the amine to yield axially chiral N-arylbenzimidazoles. In a biomimetic manner, a finely tuned catalyst could direct a para-selective nucleophilic approach in the atroposelective arylation of azobenzenes. The second strategy employs electrophilic arene precursors for arylation which occurs via rearomatization with central-to-axial chirality transfer. This enabled the arylation of (imino)quinones with indoles to access phenylindole atropisomers. By adapting this chemistry with an additional oxidation event to liberate the carbonyl functionalities, aryl-o-naphthoquinone and aryl-p-quinone atropisomers were attained. Along with the development of new arylation strategies, deriving new axially chiral structures has been another consistent theme of our research program. The atroposelective functionalization of alkynes provides broad entry to atropisomeric alkenes. The monofunctionalization of alkynes through the interception of an electrophilic vinylidene-quinone-methide (VQM) intermediate with 2-naphthols yielded the new EBINOL scaffolds. By designing an internal directing group, the atroposelective dihalogenation of alkynes was realized using abundant alkali halides despite their weak nucleophilicities and poor solubilities. The atroposelective N-alkylation of alkenes was pursued to prepare multifunctionalized alkene atropisomers that could be converted into 2-arylpyrroles with chirality transfer. The synthesis of B-aryl-1,2-azaborines containing a C-B chiral axis was accomplished where the CPA catalyst effects the desymmetrization and defines the configuration of the distal C-B bond. Inspired by the axially chiral scaffold of allenes, we leveraged the developed arene activation strategy to achieve para-addition and dearomatization of judiciously designed azobenzenes, which led to structurally novel cyclohexadienylidene-based hydrazones. To complement these structures, axially chiral cyclohexadienyl oxime ethers were also attained through CPA-catalyzed condensation between hydroxylamines and spiro[4.5]trienones.
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16
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Zhang HH, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Bearing Axial Chirality: Strategies and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2562-2580. [PMID: 36053083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic atroposelective syntheses of axially chiral compounds have stimulated extensive interest in multiple communities, such as synthetic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, because of the intriguing characteristics of atropisomerism. In particular, atropisomeric indole derivatives, which contain a kind of five-membered heterocyclic framework, are widely distributed in a number of natural alkaloids, biologically relevant compounds, chiral ligands, and chiral organocatalysts. Hence, the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality is of considerable importance and has become an emerging focus of research. However, there are substantial challenges associated with the atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives, including remote ortho-substituents around the chiral axis, a lower barrier for rotation, and a weaker configurational stability than that of atropisomeric six-membered biaryls. Therefore, the development of effective strategies toward the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives has become an urgent task.In order to tackle these challenges and to accomplish the task, our group devised a unique strategy of designing indole-derived platform molecules and developing organocatalytic enantioselective transformations of such platform molecules to synthesize atropisomeric indole derivatives; asymmetric organocatalysis has tremendous advantages and was the research area recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. This Account summarizes our endeavors in the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality. In brief, we devised and developed a series of indole-derived platform molecules, such as indolylmethanols, (hetero)aryl indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-aminoindoles, and indole-based homophthalic anhydrides, by introducing different functional groups onto the indole ring to achieve new reactivity and modulate the reactive site of the indole ring. As a result, these indole-derived platform molecules possess versatile and unique reactivity and are capable of undergoing a variety of organocatalytic enantioselective transformations for preparing structurally diversified indole derivatives with axial chirality.We used these strategies to accomplish the atroposelective synthesis of plenty of indole derivatives with axial chirality, including (hetero)aryl indoles, alkene-indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-pyrrolylindoles, and isochromenone-indoles. In addition, we gave a thorough and detailed understanding of the designed reaction by investigating the reaction pathway and activation mode. More importantly, we studied the biological activity of some products and performed catalyst design on the basis of atropisomeric indole moieties, which are helpful for disclosing more applications of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality.In the future, the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality will indubitably remain a frontier topic in the research area of asymmetric catalysis and chiral indole chemistry despite challenging issues, for instance, the atroposelective synthesis of novel indole derivatives bearing an unconventional chiral axis, the development of atropisomeric indole derivatives into powerful catalysts or ligands, and the discovery of atroposelective indole derivatives as potent drug candidates. We hope our efforts summarized in this Account will encourage chemists worldwide to devise innovative strategies toward solving the challenging issues that remain in this field, thus promoting its development to a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road No. 101, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, China
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17
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Hang QQ, Wu SF, Yang S, Wang X, Zhong Z, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral isochromenone-indoles. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Liang PY, Shi S, Xu XX, Zhang HR, Che Z, Lu K, Yan CX, Jin NZ, Zhou PP. Organocatalytic synthesis of chiral allene catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid via asymmetric 1,8-addition of indole imine methide: Mechanism and origin of enantioselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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19
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Xu G, Han Z, Guo L, Lu H, Gao H. Transition-Metal-Free Cascade Approach for the Synthesis of Functionalized Biaryls by S NAr of Arylhydroxylamines with Arylsulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10449-10453. [PMID: 35831025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a transition-metal-free protocol for the synthesis of functionalized biaryls through nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of arylhydroxylamines to arylsulfonium salts. With this protocol, structurally diverse functionalized biaryls were obtained smoothly in moderate to good yields. Merits of this transformation include mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, great functional group tolerance, feasibility of a one-pot procedure, and ease of handing and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zongtao Han
- Shandong Weifang Rainbow Chemical Co., Ltd., Weifang 262737, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
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20
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Zhu S, Mao JH, Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Discovery and organocatalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral cyclohexadienylidene skeletons. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 3,3'‐Bisindoles by Direct Coupling of Indole Rings. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Ke C, Cao Q, Luo Y, Liu X, Feng X. Catalytic asymmetric amination of azlactones with azobenzenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5881-5884. [PMID: 35470829 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01656g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported an efficient asymmetric amination of azlactones with N-aryl-N-aroyldiazenes through a chiral N,N'-dioxide-based Lewis acid catalyst. The multicoordination ability of Nd(III) enabled it to simultaneously activate and to locate the two reactants for N-selective addition. Hydrazine-bearing azlactone derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields with high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Ke
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qiuhui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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23
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Chen KW, Chen ZH, Yang S, Wu SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116829. [PMID: 35080808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first highly atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction of well-designed N-aminoindoles with 1,4-diketones, thus affording N-pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N-N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N-N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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24
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Xu G, Huang M, Zhang T, Shao Y, Tang S, Cao H, Zhang X, Sun J. Asymmetric Arylation of Diazoesters with Anisoles Enabled by Cooperative Gold and Phosphoric Acid Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:2809-2814. [PMID: 35394288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective insertion of a carbene into the Csp2-H bond of anisole derivatives has been accomplished using an achiral gold complex and a chiral phosphoric acid as the catalytic system, providing a novel protocol for the synthesis of chiral α,α-diaryl acetates. Density functional theory calculations reveal the reactivity and the origin of the enantioselectivity of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Xu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Meirong Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Ying Shao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - He Cao
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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25
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Chen K, Chen Z, Yang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N−N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhi‐Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shu‐Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yu‐Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
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26
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Organocatalytic cycloaddition of alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes for atroposelective construction of indole-based biaryls. Nat Commun 2022; 13:632. [PMID: 35110529 PMCID: PMC8810779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The axially chiral indole-aryl motifs are present in natural products and biologically active compounds as well as in chiral ligands. Atroposelective indole formation is an efficient method to construct indole-based biaryls. We report herein the result of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of 3-alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes. A class of indole-based biaryls were prepared efficiently with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99% ee). Control experiment and DFT calculations illustrate a possible mechanism in which the reaction proceeds via a dearomatization of indole to generate an allene-iminium intermediate, followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. This approach provides a convergent synthetic strategy for enantioselective construction of axially chiral heterobiaryl backbones. There is great interest in methods for catalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral compounds found in natural products. Here, the authors develop a cycloaddition strategy for atroposelective construction of indole-based biaryls via chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed cycloaddition.
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27
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Xia W, Zhou ZA, Lv J, Xiang SH, Wang YB, Tan B. Facile synthesis of N-aryl phenothiazines and phenoxazines via Brønsted acid catalyzed C-H amination of arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1613-1616. [PMID: 35019918 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Aryl phenothiazines and phenoxazines are of significant importance in various disciplines throughout academia and industry. The conventional synthetic strategy for the construction of these structures centers on the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides with phenothiazines or phenoxazines. Here we present an organocatalytic approach to access N-naphthyl phenothiazine and phenoxazine scaffolds through a straightforward C-H amination of arenes as enabled by an azo group. This reaction features operational simplicity, adequate substrate generality and excellent functional group compatibility. Notably, the efficiency of the catalyst could be perfectly preserved after 5 catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zi-An Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Bin Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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Singh RP, Tripathi KN, Singh S, Akhtar N, Manna K. Visible-Light-Driven Site-selective Alkylation of Benzo Core of Coumarins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9674-9677. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented, straightforward photochemical platform for efficient site-selective C-H alkylation of C7 position of benzocore via the cross coupling between coumarins and NHPI ester, employing Ru(II) as photocatalyst in visible...
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29
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30
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Wang JM, Zhao Y, Yao CS, Zhang K. Stereoselective synthesis of C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles via copper catalyzed asymmetric propargylation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26727-26732. [PMID: 36320842 PMCID: PMC9490778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04603b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a copper catalyzed asymmetric propargylation of 2-oxindole-3-carboxylate esters with terminal propargylic esters is described. This strategy successfully provides a direct approach to constructing a broad range of chiral C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles with contiguous tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (16 examples, up to 99% yield and 98% ee). Moreover, the diastereoisomers of the two newly formed stereocenters can be separated by silica gel chromatography, thereby providing a valuable stereoselective access to all four possible stereoisomers of C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles. Herein, a copper catalyzed asymmetric propargylation of 2-oxindole-3-carboxylate esters with terminal propargylic esters is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Mei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
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31
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Cen S, Zhang Z. Synthesis of Biphenanthrol-Based Confined Chiral Phosphoric Acid. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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