1
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Gao HY. Recent advances in organic molecule reactions on metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38860468 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemical reactions of organic molecules on metal surfaces have been intensively investigated in the past decades, where metals play the role of catalysts in many cases. In this review, first, we summarize recent works on spatial molecules, small H2O, O2, CO, CO2 molecules, and the molecules carrying silicon groups as the new trends of molecular candidates for on-surface chemistry applications. Then, we introduce spectroscopy and DFT study advances in on-surface reactions. Especially, in situ spectroscopy technologies, such as electron spectroscopy, force spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, STM-induced luminescence, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption spectroscopy, and infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy, are important to confirm the occurrence of organic reactions and analyze the products. To understand the underlying mechanism, the DFT study provides detailed information about reaction pathways, conformational evolution, and organometallic intermediates. Usually, STM/nc-AFM topological images, in situ spectroscopy data, and DFT studies are combined to describe the mechanism behind on-surface organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, China
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2
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Zuo L, Ye L, Li X, Xu RX, Yan Y, Zheng X. Unraveling the Nature of Spin Coupling in a Metal-Free Diradical: Theoretical Distinction of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5761-5769. [PMID: 38776132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free diradicals based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are promising candidates for organic spintronics due to their stable magnetism and tunable spin coupling. However, distinguishing and elucidating the origins of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in these systems remain challenging. Here, we investigate the 2-OS diradical molecule sandwiched between gold electrodes using a combined density functional theory and hierarchical equations of motion approach. We find that the dihedral angle between the radical moieties controls the nature and strength of the intramolecular spin coupling, transitioning smoothly from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic as the angle increases. Distinct features in the inelastic electron tunneling spectra are identified that can discern the two coupling regimes, including spin excitation steps whose energies directly reveal the exchange coupling constant. Mechanical stretching of the junction is predicted to modulate the spectral line shapes by adjusting the hybridization of the molecular radicals with the electrodes. Our work elucidates the electronic origin of tunable spin interactions in 2-OS and provides spectroscopic fingerprints for characterizing magnetism in metal-free diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zuo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lyuzhou Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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3
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Lin Y, Li J, Liang X, Hu T, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Diao M, Zhao X, Peng Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Wu K. Steering Electron-Induced Surface Reaction via a Molecular Assembly Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10150-10158. [PMID: 38557061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrons not only serve as a "reactant" in redox reactions but also play a role in "catalyzing" some chemical processes. Despite the significance and ubiquitousness of electron-induced chemistry, many related scientific issues still await further exploration, among which is the impact of molecular assembly. In this work, microscopic insights into the vital role of molecular assembly in tweaking the electron-induced surface chemistry are unfolded by combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. It is shown that the selective dissociation of a C-Cl bond in 4,4″-dichloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl (DCTP) on Cu(111) can be efficiently triggered by an electron injection via the STM tip into the unoccupied molecular orbital. The DCTP molecules are embedded in different assembly structures, including its self-assembly and coassemblies with Br adatoms. The energy threshold for the C-Cl bond cleavage increases as more Br adatoms stay close to the molecule, indicative of the sensitive response of the electron-induced surface reactivity of the C-Cl bond to the subtle change in the molecular assembly. Such a phenomenon is rationalized by the energy shift of the involved unoccupied molecular orbital of DCTP that is embedded in different assemblies. These findings shed new light on the tuning effect of molecular assembly on electron-induced reactions and introduce an efficient approach to precisely steer surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Hu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxiao Diao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinwei Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Zhu X, Li K, Liu J, Wang Z, Ding Z, Su Y, Yang B, Yan K, Li G, Yu P. Topological Structure Realized in Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons via Incorporation of Periodic Pentagon Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7152-7158. [PMID: 38421279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cove-edged zigzag graphene nanoribbons are predicted to show metallic, topological, or trivial semiconducting band structures, which are precisely determined by their cove offset positions at both edges as well as the ribbon width. However, due to the challenge of introducing coves into zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons, only a few cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with trivial semiconducting bandgaps have been realized experimentally. Here, we report that the topological band structure can be realized in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons by embedding periodic pentagon rings on the cove edges through on-surface synthesis. Upon noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, the chemical and electronic structures of cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with periodic pentagon rings have been characterized for different lengths. Combined with theoretical calculations, we find that upon inducing periodic pentagon rings the cove-edged graphene nanoribbons exhibit nontrivial topological structures. Our results provide insights for the design and understanding of the topological character in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhen Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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5
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Fang T, Zhang T, Hu T, Wang Z. Atomic-Limit Mott Insulator in [4]Triangulene Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3059-3066. [PMID: 38426713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Triangulene, one unique class of zigzag-edged triangular graphene molecules, has attracted tremendous research interest. In this work, as an ultimate phase of the Mott insulator, we present the realization of the atomic-limit Mott insulator in experimentally synthesized [4]triangulene frameworks ([4]-TGFs) from first-principles calculations. The frontier molecular orbitals of the nonmagnetic [4]triangulene consist of three coupled corner modes. After the isolated [4]triangulene is assembled into [4]-TGF, one special enantiomorphic flat band is created through the coupling of these corner modes, which is identified to be a second-order topological insulator with half-filled topological corner states at the Fermi level. Moreover, [4]-TGF prefers an antiferromagnetic ground state under Hubbard interactions, which further splits these metallic zero-energy states into an atomic-limit Mott insulator with spin-polarized corners. Since the fractional filling of topological corner states is a smoking-gun signature of higher-order topology, our results demonstrate a universal approach to explore the atomic-limit Mott insulators in higher-order topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfeng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhang H, Lu J, Zhao XJ, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Niu G, Fu B, Gao L, Tan YZ, Cai J. Length-Dependent Magnetic Evolution of Anthenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315216. [PMID: 37933811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes with zigzag edges, for example, anthenes, exhibit a unique nonbonding π-electron state, which can be described as a spin-polarized edge state that yields specific magnetic ground state. However, prior researches on the magnetism of anthenes with varying lengths on a surface is lacking. This study systematically fabricated anthenes with inherent zigzag carbon atoms of different lengths ranging from bisanthene to hexanthene. Their magnetic evolution on the Au(111) surface was analyzed through bond-resolved scanning probe techniques and density functional theory calculations. The analyses revealed a transition in magnetic properties associated with the length of the anthenes, arising from the imbalance between hybridization energy and the Coulomb repulsion between valence electrons. With the increasing length of the anthenes, the ground state transforms gradually from a closed-shell to an antiferromagnetic open-shell singlet, exhibiting a weak exchange coupling of 4 meV and a charge transfer-induced doublet. Therefore, this study formulated a chemically tunable platform to explore size-dependent π magnetism at the atomic scale, providing a framework for research in organic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baijin Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Hangjing Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Gefei Niu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Boyu Fu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650093, China
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7
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Erpenbeck A, Gull E, Cohen G. Shaping Electronic Flows with Strongly Correlated Physics. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10480-10489. [PMID: 37955307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium quantum transport is of central importance in nanotechnology. Its description requires the understanding of strong electronic correlations that couple atomic-scale phenomena to the nanoscale. So far, research in correlated transport has focused predominantly on few-channel transport, precluding the investigation of cross-scale effects. Recent theoretical advances enable the solution of models that capture the interplay between quantum correlations and confinement beyond a few channels. This problem is the focus of this study. We consider an atomic impurity embedded in a metallic nanosheet spanning two leads, showing that transport is significantly altered by tuning only the phase of a single local hopping parameter. Furthermore─depending on this phase─correlations reshape the electronic flow throughout the sheet, either funneling it through the impurity or scattering it away from a much larger region. This demonstrates the potential for quantum correlations to bridge length scales in the design of nanoelectronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Erpenbeck
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emanuel Gull
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Liu Y, Li C, Xue FH, Su W, Wang Y, Huang H, Yang H, Chen J, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Qin M, Wang X, Wang R, Li DY, Liu PN, Wang S, Jia J. Quantum Phase Transition in Magnetic Nanographenes on a Lead Superconductor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9704-9710. [PMID: 37870505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spins, also known as spin operators that preserve SU(2) symmetry, lack a specific orientation in space and are hypothesized to display unique interactions with superconductivity. However, spin-orbit coupling and crystal field typically cause a significant magnetic anisotropy in d/f shell spins on surfaces. Here, we fabricate atomically precise S = 1/2 magnetic nanographenes on Pb(111) through engineering sublattice imbalance in the graphene honeycomb lattice. Through tuning the magnetic exchange strength between the unpaired spin and Cooper pairs, a quantum phase transition from the singlet to the doublet state has been observed, consistent with the quantum spin models. From our calculations, the particle-hole asymmetry is induced by the Coulomb scattering potential and gives a transition point about kBTk ≈ 1.6Δ. Our work demonstrates that delocalized π electron magnetism hosts highly tunable magnetic bound states, which can be further developed to study the Majorana bound states and other rich quantum phases of low-dimensional quantum spins on superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Fu-Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Center for Computational Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Mingpu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
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9
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Yin R, Wang Z, Tan S, Ma C, Wang B. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Precise Structural Heterogeneities and On-Site Characterizations. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17610-17623. [PMID: 37666005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene, with widths of a few nanometers, that are promising candidates for future applications in nanodevices and quantum information processing due to their highly tunable structure-dependent electronic, spintronic, topological, and optical properties. Implantation of periodic structural heterogeneities, such as heteroatoms, nanopores, and non-hexagonal rings, has become a powerful manner for tailoring the designer properties of GNRs. The bottom-up synthesis approach, by combining on-surface chemical reactions based on rationally designed molecular precursors and in situ tip-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, promotes the construction of atomically precise GNRs with periodic structural modulations. However, there are still obstacles and challenges lying on the way toward the understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relations, such as the strong screening and Fermi level pinning effect of the normally used transition metal substrates and the lack of collective tip-based techniques that can cover multi-internal degrees of freedom of the GNRs. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of GNRs with diverse structural heterogeneities and highlight the structure-property relations as characterized by the noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We furthermore motivate to deliver the need for developing strategies to achieve quasi-freestanding GNRs and for exploiting multifunctional tip-based techniques to collectively probe the intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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10
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Seibel J, Fittolani G, Mirhosseini H, Wu X, Rauschenbach S, Anggara K, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M, Kühne TD, Schlickum U, Kern K. Visualizing Chiral Interactions in Carbohydrates Adsorbed on Au(111) by High-Resolution STM Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305733. [PMID: 37522820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic material on Earth and the structural "material of choice" in many living systems. Nevertheless, design and engineering of synthetic carbohydrate materials presently lag behind that for protein and nucleic acids. Bottom-up engineering of carbohydrate materials demands an atomic-level understanding of their molecular structures and interactions in condensed phases. Here, high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to visualize at submolecular resolution the three-dimensional structure of cellulose oligomers assembled on Au(1111) and the interactions that drive their assembly. The STM imaging, supported by ab initio calculations, reveals the orientation of all glycosidic bonds and pyranose rings in the oligomers, as well as details of intermolecular interactions between the oligomers. By comparing the assembly of D- and L-oligomers, these interactions are shown to be enantioselective, capable of driving spontaneous enantioseparation of cellulose chains from its unnatural enantiomer and promoting the formation of engineered carbohydrate assemblies in the condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
- Current address: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hossein Mirhosseini
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Xu Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX13TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelvin Anggara
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS) and Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Uta Schlickum
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Du Q, Su X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li C, Yan K, Ortiz R, Frederiksen T, Wang S, Yu P. Orbital-symmetry effects on magnetic exchange in open-shell nanographenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4802. [PMID: 37558678 PMCID: PMC10412602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-shell nanographenes appear as promising candidates for future applications in spintronics and quantum technologies. A critical aspect to realize this potential is to design and control the magnetic exchange. Here, we reveal the effects of frontier orbital symmetries on the magnetic coupling in diradical nanographenes through scanning probe microscope measurements and different levels of theoretical calculations. In these open-shell nanographenes, the exchange energy exhibits a remarkable variation between 20 and 160 meV. Theoretical calculations reveal that frontier orbital symmetries play a key role in affecting the magnetic coupling on such a large scale. Moreover, a triradical nanographene is demonstrated for investigating the magnetic interaction among three unpaired electrons with unequal magnetic exchange, in agreement with Heisenberg spin model calculations. Our results provide insights into both theoretical design and experimental realization of nanographene materials with different exchange interactions through tuning the orbital symmetry, potentially useful for realizing magnetically operable graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelei Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yashi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) - UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) - UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Kang F, Sun L, Gao W, Sun Q, Xu W. On-Surface Synthesis of a Carbon Nanoribbon Composed of 4-5-6-8-Membered Rings. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8717-8722. [PMID: 37125847 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
From the structure point of view, there are a number of ways of tiling a carbon sheet with different polygons, resulting in prospects of tailoring electronic structures of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. However, up to now, the experimental fabrication of such structures embedded with periodic nonhexagon carbon polygons, especially ones with more than three kinds, is still very challenging, leaving their potential properties unexplored. Here we report the bottom-up synthesis of a nanoribbon composed of 4-5-6-8-membered rings via lateral fusion of polyfluorene chains on Au(111). Scanning probe microscopy unequivocally determines both the geometric structure and the electronic properties of such a nanoribbon, revealing its semiconducting property with a bandgap of ∼1.4 eV on Au(111). We expect that this work could be helpful for designing and synthesizing complicated carbon nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Luye Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wenze Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
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13
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Xing GY, Zhu YC, Li DY, Liu PN. On-Surface Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4462-4470. [PMID: 37154541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as a bottom-up synthetic method, has been proven to be a powerful tool for atomically precise fabrication of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials over the past 15 years. This method relies on covalent coupling reactions that occur on solid substrates such as metal or metal oxide surfaces under ultra-high-vacuum conditions, and the achievements with this method have greatly enriched fundamental science and technology. However, due to the complicated reactivity of organic groups, distinct diffusion of reactants and intermediates, and irreversibility of covalent bonds, achieving the high selectivity of covalent coupling reactions on surfaces remains a great challenge. As a result, only a few on-surface covalent coupling reactions, mainly involving dehalogenation and dehydrogenation homocoupling, are frequently used in the synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanosystems. In this Perspective, we focus on the development and synthetic applications of on-surface cross-coupling reactions, mainly Ullmann, Sonogashira, Heck, and divergent cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Ma C, Wang J, Ma H, Yin R, Zhao XJ, Du H, Meng X, Ke Y, Hu W, Li B, Tan S, Tan YZ, Yang J, Wang B. Remote-Triggered Domino-like Cyclodehydrogenation in Second-Layer Topological Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10126-10135. [PMID: 37097709 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodehydrogenation reactions in the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) usually involve a series of Csp2-Csp2 and/or Csp2-Csp3 couplings and just happen on uncovered metal or metal oxide surfaces. It is still a big challenge to extend the growth of second-layer GNRs in the absence of necessary catalytic sites. Here, we demonstrate the direct growth of topologically nontrivial GNRs via multistep Csp2-Csp2 and Csp2-Csp3 couplings in the second layer by annealing designed bowtie-shaped precursor molecules over one monolayer on the Au(111) surface. After annealing at 700 K, most of the polymerized chains that appear in the second layer covalently link to the first-layer GNRs that have partially undergone graphitization. Following annealing at 780 K, the second-layer GNRs are formed and linked to the first-layer GNRs. Benefiting from the minimized local steric hindrance of the precursors, we suggest that the second-layer GNRs undergo domino-like cyclodehydrogenation reactions that are remotely triggered at the link. We confirm the quasi-freestanding behaviors in the second-layer GNRs by measuring the quasiparticle energy gap of topological bands and the tunable Kondo resonance from topological end spins using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations. Our findings pave the avenue to diverse multilayer graphene nanostructures with designer quantum spins and topological states for quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Jufeng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongjian Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Xinyong Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yifan Ke
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
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15
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Wang T, Fan Q, Zhu J. Steering On-Surface Reactions by Kinetic and Thermodynamic Strategies. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2251-2262. [PMID: 36821589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool to fabricate various functional low-dimensional nanostructures with atomic precision, thus becoming a promising platform for the preparation of next-generation semiconductive, magnetic, and topological nanodevices. With the aid of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, both the chemical structures and physical properties of the obtained products can be well characterized. A major challenge in this field is how to efficiently steer reaction pathways and improve the yield/quality of products. To address this problem, in recent years various kinetic and thermodynamic strategies have been successfully employed to control on-surface reactions. In this Perspective, we discuss these strategies in view of basic reaction steps on surfaces, including molecular adsorption, diffusion, and reaction. We hope this Perspective will help readers to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of on-surface reactions and rationally design reaction procedures for the fabrication of high-quality functional nanomaterials on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Qitang Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Wang S, Nishiuchi T, Pignedoli CA, Yao X, Di Giovannantonio M, Zhao Y, Narita A, Feng X, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Fasel R. Steering on-surface reactions through molecular steric hindrance and molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions. QUANTUM FRONTIERS 2022; 1:23. [PMID: 36619715 PMCID: PMC9809985 DOI: 10.1007/s44214-022-00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is a rapidly developing field involving chemical reactions on well-defined solid surfaces to access synthesis of low-dimensional organic nanostructures which cannot be achieved via traditional solution chemistry. On-surface reactions critically depend on a high degree of chemoselectivity in order to achieve an optimum balance between target structure and possible side products. Here, we demonstrate synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a large unit cell based on steric hindrance-induced complete chemoselectivity as revealed by scanning probe microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our results disclose that combined molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions and intermolecular steric hindrance promote a selective aryl-aryl coupling, giving rise to high-quality uniform graphene nanostructures. The established coupling strategy has been used to synthesize two types of graphene nanoribbons with different edge topologies inducing a pronounced variation of the electronic energy gaps. The demonstrated chemoselectivity is representative for n-anthryl precursor molecules and may be further exploited to synthesize graphene nanoribbons with novel electronic, topological and magnetic properties with implications for electronic and spintronic applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44214-022-00023-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wang
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xuelin Yao
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Present Address: Istituto di Struttura della Materia—CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133 Italy
| | - Yan Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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