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Ahn J, Kim D, Park J, Yang Y, Kim MH, Choi HJ, Jeong W, Lee WS, Oh DY, Ha DH, Hong SH, Oh SJ. Extremely Stable Ag-Based Photonics, Plasmonic, Optical, and Electronic Materials and Devices Designed with Surface Chemistry Engineering for Anti-Tarnish. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308968. [PMID: 38477693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) metal-based structures are promising building blocks for next-generation photonics and electronics owing to their unique characteristics, such as high reflectivity, surface plasmonic resonance effects, high electrical conductivity, and tunable electron transport mechanisms. However, Ag structures exhibit poor sustainability in terms of device performance because harsh chemicals, particularly S2- ions present in the air, can damage their structures, lowering their optical and electrical properties. Here, the surface chemistry of Ag structures with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS) ligands at room temperature and under ambient conditions is engineered to prevent deterioration of their optical and electrical properties owing to S2- exposure. Regardless of the dimensions of the Ag structures, the MPTS ligands can be applied to each dimension (0D, 1D, and 3D). Consequently, highly sustainable plasmonic effects (Δλ < 2 nm), Fabry-Perot cavity resonance structures (Δλ < 2 nm), reflectors (ΔRReflectance < 0.5%), flexible electrodes (ΔRelectrical < 0.1 Ω), and strain gauge sensors (ΔGF < 1), even in S2- exposing conditions is achieved. This strategy is believed to significantly contribute to environmental pollution reduction by decreasing the volume of electronic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Doa Kim
- Superintelligence Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Superintelligence Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dae Yang Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Hyung Ha
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- Superintelligence Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Zhang S, Gong Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Liu Z, Tang C. Highly Stable Carboranyl Ligated Gold Nano-Catalysts for Regioselective Aromatic Bromination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409283. [PMID: 38962888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Achieving electronic/steric control and realizing selectivity regulation in nanocatalysis remains a formidable challenge, as the dynamic nature of metal-ligand interfaces, including dissolution (metal leaching) and structural reconstruction, poses significant obstacles. Herein, we disclose carboranyls (CBs) as unprecedented carbon-bonded functional ligands (Eads.CB-Au(111)=-2.90 eV) for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), showcasing their exceptional stabilization capability that is attributed by strong Au-C bonds combined with B-H⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The synthesized CB@AuNPs exhibit core(Aun)-satellite(CB2Au-) structure, showing high stability towards multiple stimuli (110 °C, pH=1-12, thiol etchants). In addition, different from conventional AuNP catalysts such as triphenylphosphine (PPh3) stabilized AuNPs, dissolution of catalytically active gold species was suppressed in CB@AuNPs under the reaction conditions. Leveraging these distinct features, CB@AuNPs realized outstanding p : o selectivities in aromatic bromination. Unbiased arenes including chlorobenzene (up to >30 : 1), bromobenzene (15 : 1) and phenyl acrylate were examined using CB@AuNPs as catalysts to afford highly-selective p-products. Both carboranyl ligands and carboranyl derived counterions are crucial for such regioselective transformation. This work has provided valuable insights for AuNPs in realizing diverse regioselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengye Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhipan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cen Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Rašović I, Piacenti AR, Contera S, Porfyrakis K. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives into Supramolecular Hydrogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401963. [PMID: 38850187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the self-assembly of nanoparticle building blocks into macroscale soft matter structures is an open question and of fundamental importance to fields as diverse as nanomedicine and next-generation energy storage. Within the vast library of nanoparticles, the fullerenes-a family of quasi-spherical carbon allotropes-are not explored beyond the most common, C60. Herein, a facile one-pot method is demonstrated for functionalizing fullerenes of different sizes (C60, C70, C84, and C90-92), yielding derivatives that self-assemble in aqueous solution into supramolecular hydrogels with distinct hierarchical structures. It is shown that the mechanical properties of these resultant structures vary drastically depending on the starting material. This work opens new avenues in the search for control of macroscale soft matter structures through tuning of nanoscale building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Rašović
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Elms Road, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Topological Design, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alba R Piacenti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Sonia Contera
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Li Y, Xie J, Sun L, Zeng J, Zhou L, Hao Z, Pan L, Ye J, Wang P, Li Y, Xu J, Shi Y, Wang X, He D. Monolayer Organic Crystals for Ultrahigh Performance Molecular Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305100. [PMID: 38145961 PMCID: PMC10933607 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diodes are of considerable interest for the increasing technical demands of device miniaturization. However, the molecular diode performance remains contact-limited, which represents a major challenge for the advancement of rectification ratio and conductance. Here, it is demonstrated that high-quality ultrathin organic semiconductors can be grown on several classes of metal substrates via solution-shearing epitaxy, with a well-controlled number of layers and monolayer single crystal over 1 mm. The crystals are atomically smooth and pinhole-free, providing a native interface for high-performance monolayer molecular diodes. As a result, the monolayer molecular diodes show record-high rectification ratio up to 5 × 108 , ideality factor close to unity, aggressive unit conductance over 103 S cm-2 , ultrahigh breakdown electric field, excellent electrical stability, and well-defined contact interface. Large-area monolayer molecular diode arrays with 100% yield and excellent uniformity in the diode metrics are further fabricated. These results suggest that monolayer molecular crystals have great potential to build reliable, high-performance molecular diodes and deeply understand their intrinsic electronic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Jiacheng Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Li Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Junpeng Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Liqi Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Ziqian Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Lijia Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Jian‐Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
- School of Integrated CircuitsNanjing UniversitySuzhou215163China
| | - Daowei He
- National Laboratory of Solid‐State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringKey Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
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5
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Chen LC, Shi J, Lu ZX, Lin RJ, Lu TG, Zou YL, Liang QM, Huang R, Shi J, Xiao ZY, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Hong W. Highly Reversible Molecular Photoswitches with Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305607. [PMID: 37817357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecule-electrode coupling plays an essential role in photoresponsive devices with photochromic molecules, and the strong coupling between the molecule and the conventional electrodes leads to/ the quenching effect and limits the reversibility of molecular photoswitches. In this work, we developed a strategy of using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) electrodes to fabricate the thiol azobenzene (TAB) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) junctions with the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) technique. The current-voltage characteristics of the EGaIn/GaOx //TAB/TMDCs photoswitches showed an almost 100% reversible photoswitching behavior, which increased by ∼28% compared to EGaIn/GaOx //TAB/AuTS photoswitches. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed the coupling strength of the TAB-TMDCs electrode decreased by 42% compared to that of the TAB-AuTS electrode, giving rise to improved reversibility. our work demonstrated the feasibility of 2D TMDCs for fabricating SAMs-based photoswitches with unprecedentedly high reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tai-Ge Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qing-Man Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zong-Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Chen N, Yang Z, Lin JL, Zhou Z, Xie Y, Wang L, Li Y. Fabrication of multi-functional molecular tunnelling junctions by click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:336-339. [PMID: 38073516 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Continuous advancement in molecular electronics demands increasing functionality and diversity of integrated molecular junctions; however, single-functional molecular junctions fail to meet these requirements. In this article, we propose the use of a widely applicable and efficient click reaction on the surface to modify self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to achieve multifunctional molecular tunnelling junctions, current rectification and memristance, on a single chip. This approach has allowed us to meet the growing demand for versatility and functionality in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lejia Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Gupta R, Bhandari S, Kaya S, Katin KP, Mondal PC. Thickness-Dependent Charge Transport in Three Dimensional Ru(II)- Tris(phenanthroline)-Based Molecular Assemblies. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38048073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the fabrication of large-area molecular junctions with a configuration of ITO/[Ru(Phen)3]/Al to understand temperature- and thickness-dependent charge transport phenomena. Thanks to the electrochemical technique, thin layers of electroactive ruthenium(II)-tris(phenanthroline) [Ru(Phen)3] with thicknesses of 4-16 nm are covalently grown on sputtering-deposited patterned ITO electrodes. The bias-induced molecular junctions exhibit symmetric current-voltage (j-V) curves, demonstrating highly efficient long-range charge transport and weak attenuation with increased molecular film thickness (β = 0.70 to 0.79 nm-1). Such a lower β value is attributed to the accessibility of Ru(Phen)3 molecular conduction channels to Fermi levels of both the electrodes and a strong electronic coupling at ITO-molecules interfaces. The thinner junctions (d = 3.9 nm) follow charge transport via resonant tunneling, while the thicker junctions (d = 10-16 nm) follow thermally activated (activation energy, Ea ∼ 43 meV) Poole-Frenkel charge conduction, showing a clear "molecular signature" in the nanometric junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shapath Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Savas Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Konstantin P Katin
- Institute of Nanotechnologies in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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8
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Chen N, Li S, Zhao P, Liu R, Xie Y, Lin JL, Nijhuis CA, Xu B, Zhang L, Xu H, Li Y. Extreme long-lifetime self-assembled monolayer for air-stable molecular junctions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3412. [PMID: 37851815 PMCID: PMC10584343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular electronic devices based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on metal surfaces demonstrate novel electronic functions for device minimization yet are unable to realize in practical applications, due to their instability against oxidation of the sulfur-metal bond. This paper describes an alternative to the thiolate anchoring group to form stable SAMs on gold by selenides anchoring group. Because of the formation of strong selenium-gold bonds, these stable SAMs allow us to incorporate them in molecular tunnel junctions to yield extremely stable junctions for over 200 days. A detailed structural characterization supported by spectroscopy and first-principles modeling shows that the oxidation process is much slower with the selenium-gold bond than the sulfur-gold bond, and the selenium-gold bond is strong enough to avoid bond breaking even when it is eventually oxidized. This proof of concept demonstrates that the extraordinarily stable SAMs derived from selenides are useful for long-lived molecular electronic devices and can possibly become important in many air-stable applications involving SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, and State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Centre and Centre for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Bingqian Xu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, and State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Wu H, Li G, Hou J, Sotthewes K. Probing surface properties of organic molecular layers by scanning tunneling microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102956. [PMID: 37393823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In view of the relevance of organic thin layers in many fields, the fundamentals, growth mechanisms, and dynamics of thin organic layers, in particular thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) are systematically elaborated. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, dynamical and structural features of the SAMs are of great intrigue. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a remarkably powerful technique employed in the characterization of SAMs. Numerous research examples of investigation about the structural and dynamical properties of SAMs using STM, sometimes combined with other techniques, are listed in the review. Advanced options to enhance the time resolution of STM are discussed. Additionally, we elaborate on the extremely diverse dynamics of various SAMs, such as phase transitions and structural changes at the molecular level. In brief, the current review is expected to supply a better understanding and novel insights regarding the dynamical events happening in organic SAMs and how to characterize these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Genglin Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jirui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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10
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Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Tang C, Jiang XL, Chen S, Hong W, Li J, Xia H. Stereoelectronic Modulation of a Single-Molecule Junction through a Tunable Metal-Carbon dπ-pπ Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10404-10410. [PMID: 37121913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules play a critical role in the construction of single-molecule devices. However, most conventional conjugated molecules, such as hydrocarbons, involve only a pπ-pπ conjugation of light elements. While the metal d-orbitals can introduce abundant electronic effects to achieve novel electronic properties, it is very scarce for the charge transport study of dπ-pπ conjugated pathways with a metal involved. Here, we employed the single-molecule break junction technique to investigate the charge transport through dπ-pπ conjugated backbones with metal-carbon multiple bonds integrated into the alternative conjugated pathways. The involved dπ-pπ conjugation not only supports high conductivity comparable to that of conjugated hydrocarbons but also significantly enhances the tunable diversity in electronic properties through the metal-induced secondary interaction. Specifically, the introduction of the metal brings an unconventionally stereoelectronic effect triggered by metal-carbon dπ-pπ hyperconjugation, which can be tuned by protonation taking place on the metal-carbon multiple bonds, collectively modulating the single-molecule rectification feature and transmission mechanism. This work demonstrates the promise of utilizing the diverse electronic effect of metals to design molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Trasobares J, Martín-Romano JC, Khaliq MW, Ruiz-Gómez S, Foerster M, Niño MÁ, Pedraz P, Dappe YJ, de Ory MC, García-Pérez J, Acebrón M, Osorio MR, Magaz MT, Gomez A, Miranda R, Granados D. Hybrid molecular graphene transistor as an operando and optoelectronic platform. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1381. [PMID: 36914623 PMCID: PMC10011542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of reproducibility hampers molecular devices integration into large-scale circuits. Thus, incorporating operando characterization can facilitate the understanding of multiple features producing disparities in different devices. In this work, we report the realization of hybrid molecular graphene field effect transistors (m-GFETs) based on 11-(Ferrocenyl)undecanethiol (FcC11SH) micro self-assembled monolayers (μSAMs) and high-quality graphene (Gr) in a back-gated configuration. On the one hand, Gr enables redox electron transfer, avoids molecular degradation and permits operando spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular electrode decoration shifts the Gr Dirac point (VDP) to neutrality and generates a photocurrent in the Gr electron conduction regime. Benefitting from this heterogeneous response, the m-GFETs can implement optoelectronic AND/OR logic functions. Our approach represents a step forward in the field of molecular scale electronics with implications in sensing and computing based on sustainable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Trasobares
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain. .,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution (Biomathematics), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Muhammad Waqas Khaliq
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Niño
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | | | - Yannick J Dappe
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | | | | | - María Acebrón
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Alicia Gomez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France.,Dpto. de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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13
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Zinelli R, Soni S, Cornelissen JJLM, Michel-Souzy S, Nijhuis CA. Charge Transport across Proteins inside Proteins: Tunneling across Encapsulin Protein Cages and the Effect of Cargo Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 36671559 PMCID: PMC9855946 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transport across proteins can be surprisingly efficient over long distances-so-called long-range tunneling-but it is still unclear as to why and under which conditions (e.g., presence of co-factors, type of cargo) the long-range tunneling regime can be accessed. This paper describes molecular tunneling junctions based on an encapsulin (Enc), which is a large protein cage with a diameter of 24 nm that can be loaded with various types of (small) proteins, also referred to as "cargo". We demonstrate with dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy that Enc, with and without cargo, can be made stable in solution and immobilized on metal electrodes without aggregation. We investigated the electronic properties of Enc in EGaIn-based tunnel junctions (EGaIn = eutectic alloy of Ga and In that is widely used to contact (bio)molecular monolayers) by measuring the current density for a large range of applied bias of ±2.5 V. The encapsulated cargo has an important effect on the electrical properties of the junctions. The measured current densities are higher for junctions with Enc loaded with redox-active cargo (ferritin-like protein) than those junctions without cargo or redox-inactive cargo (green fluorescent protein). These findings open the door to charge transport studies across complex biomolecular hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Zinelli
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular NanoTechnology, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Biomolecular NanoTechnology, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Michel-Souzy
- Biomolecular NanoTechnology, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2017, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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14
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Li B, Ma Y, Han X, Hu P, Lu X. Enhanced Sum Frequency Generation for Monolayers on Au Relative to Silica: Local Field Factors and SPR Effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:659-667. [PMID: 36580605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using metals as signal magnified substrates, surface plasmon-enhanced sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a promising technique to probe weak molecular-level signals at surfaces and interfaces. In this study, the vibrational signals of the n-alkane monolayer on the gold (Au) and silica substrates are investigated using the broadband femtosecond SFG. The enhancement factors are discovered to be up to ∼1076 and ∼31 for the methyl symmetric and asymmetric stretching (ss and as) modes of the monolayer, respectively. By systematically analyzing the second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor components (χijks), the Fresnel coefficients (Fijks), and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, we find that the interplay between Fijk and χijk terms and the SPR effect dominate the SFG signal enhancement. Our study reveals that the relative contributions of different influencing factors (i.e., Fresnel coefficients and SPR) to the SFG signal enhancement provide an approach to interpreting enhanced SFG vibrational signals detected from probe molecules on distinct substrates and may finally guide the design of the experimental methodology to improve the detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL), Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yonghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu221004, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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15
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Zhao Z, Soni S, Lee T, Nijhuis CA, Xiang D. Smart Eutectic Gallium-Indium: From Properties to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203391. [PMID: 36036771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), a liquid metal with a melting point close to or below room temperature, has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its excellent properties such as fluidity, high conductivity, thermal conductivity, stretchability, self-healing capability, biocompatibility, and recyclability. These features of EGaIn can be adjusted by changing the experimental condition, and various composite materials with extended properties can be further obtained by mixing EGaIn with other materials. In this review, not only the are unique properties of EGaIn introduced, but also the working principles for the EGaIn-based devices are illustrated and the developments of EGaIn-related techniques are summarized. The applications of EGaIn in various fields, such as flexible electronics (sensors, antennas, electronic circuits), molecular electronics (molecular memory, opto-electronic switches, or reconfigurable junctions), energy catalysis (heat management, motors, generators, batteries), biomedical science (drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging and neural interfaces) are reviewed. Finally, a critical discussion of the main challenges for the development of EGaIn-based techniques are discussed, and the potential applications in new fields are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
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16
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He J, Xian W, Tao L, Corrigan P, Li Y. Unstructured Self-Assembled Molecular Lamella Induces Ultrafast Thermal Transfer through a Cathode/Separator Interphase in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56268-56279. [PMID: 36508577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal issues associated with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can dramatically affect their life cycle and overall performance. However, the effective heat transfer is deeply restrained by the high thermal resistance across the cathode (lithium cobalt oxide, LCO)-separator (polyethylene, PE) interface. This work presents a new approach to tailoring the interfacial thermal resistance, namely, unstructured self-assembled lamella (USAL). Compared to the popular self-assembled monolayers, although the USAL gives a redundant interface and amorphous molecule patterns, it can also provide many benefits, including easy assembly, more thermal bridges, and ready pressurization. Three small organic molecules (SOMs) were assembled into an LCO-PE interface, providing unique functional groups, -NH2, -SH, and -CH3, to illustrate its energy conversion efficiency. Through molecular dynamics simulations, our results show that the USAL can facilitate interfacial heat transfer remarkably. A 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-coated LCO-PE system with 11.4 Å thickness demonstrates the maximum enhancement of thermal conductance, about 320% of the pristine system. Such enhancement is attributed to the developed double heat passages by strong non-bonded interactions across LCO-SOM and PE-SOM interfaces, a tuned temperature field, and high compatibility between SOMs and PE. Importantly, due to SOMs' amorphous morphology, the pressure can be imposed and further enhance the interfacial heat transfer. Results show the improved thermal conductance rises the most for the APTMS-coated LCO-PE system with 11.4 Å thickness at 10 GPa, almost 685% higher than that of the pristine system. The high efficiency of heat transfer comes as a result of the enhanced binding strength across the LCO-SOM and SOM-PE interface, the reduced phonon scattering in PE and SOMs, and the high LCO stiffness. These investigations are expected to provide a new perspective for modulating the heat transfer across the interphase of LIBs and achieve more effective thermal management for the multi-material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706 - 1572, United States
| | - Weikang Xian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706 - 1572, United States
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269 - 3139, United States
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269 - 3060, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706 - 1572, United States
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17
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Alshammari M, Al-Jobory AA, Alotaibi T, Lambert CJ, Ismael A. Orientational control of molecular scale thermoelectricity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4635-4638. [PMID: 36341305 PMCID: PMC9595198 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive theoretical study, we demonstrate that single-molecule junctions formed from asymmetric molecules with different terminal groups can exhibit Seebeck coefficients, whose sign depends on the orientation of the molecule within the junction. Three anthracene-based molecules are studied, one of which exhibits this bi-thermoelectric behaviour, due to the presence of a thioacetate terminal group at one end and a pyridyl terminal group at the other. A pre-requisite for obtaining this behaviour is the use of junction electrodes formed from different materials. In our case, we use gold as the bottom electrode and graphene-coated gold as the top electrode. This demonstration of bi-thermoelecricity means that if molecules with alternating orientations can be deposited on a substrate, then they form a basis for boosting the thermovoltage in molecular-scale thermoelectric energy generators (TEGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alshammari
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Al-Jobory
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar Anbar Iraq
| | - Turki Alotaibi
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
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18
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Advances in Thermoelectric Composites Consisting of Conductive Polymers and Fillers with Different Architectures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206932. [PMID: 36296524 PMCID: PMC9612169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable wireless power is in increasingly high demand in fields such as smart devices, flexible robots, and electronic skins. Thermoelectric devices are able to convert heat into electricity due to the Seebeck effect, making them promising candidates for wearable electronics. Therefore, high-performance conductive polymer-based composites are urgently required for flexible wearable thermoelectric devices for the utilization of low-grade thermal energy. In this review, mechanisms and optimization strategies for polymer-based thermoelectric composites containing fillers of different architectures will be introduced, and recent advances in the development of such thermoelectric composites containing 0- to 3-dimensional filler components will be presented and outlooked.
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19
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Wang X, Ismael A, Ning S, Althobaiti H, Al-Jobory A, Girovsky J, Astier HPAG, O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR, Lambert CJ, Ford CJB. Electrostatic Fermi level tuning in large-scale self-assembled monolayers of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivatives. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1201-1209. [PMID: 35913108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the orbital alignment of molecules placed between electrodes is essential in the design of practically-applicable molecular and nanoscale electronic devices. The orbital alignment is highly determined by the molecule-electrode interface. Dependence of orbital alignment on the molecular anchor group for single molecular junctions has been intensively studied; however, when scaling-up single molecules to large parallel molecular arrays (like self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)), two challenges need to be addressed: 1. Most desired anchor groups do not form high quality SAMs. 2. It is much harder to tune the frontier molecular orbitals via a gate voltage in SAM junctions than in single molecular junctions. In this work, we studied the effect of the molecule-electrode interface in SAMs with a micro-pore device, using a recently developed tetrapodal anchor to overcome challenge 1, and the combination of a single layered graphene top electrode with an ionic liquid gate to solve challenge 2. The zero-bias orbital alignment of different molecules was signalled by a shift in conductance minimum vs. gate voltage for molecules with different anchoring groups. Molecules with the same backbone, but a different molecule-electrode interface, were shown experimentally to have conductances that differ by a factor of 5 near zero bias. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory support the trends observed in the experimental data. This work sheds light on how to control electron transport within the HOMO-LUMO energy gap in molecular junctions and will be applicable in scaling up molecular electronic systems for future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintai Wang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Shanglong Ning
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hanan Althobaiti
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif-University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Jobory
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Jan Girovsky
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hippolyte P A G Astier
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Christopher J B Ford
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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20
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Du C, Wang Z, Chen J, Martin A, Raturi D, Thuo M. Role of Nanoscale Roughness and Polarity in Odd–Even Effect of Self‐Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205251. [PMID: 35580255 PMCID: PMC9400998 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The dependency of substrate roughness on wetting properties of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been studied extensively, but most previous studies used limited selection of probing liquid and range of surface roughness. These studies disregarded the limit to observation of sub‐nanometer odd–even parity effect, hence are inconclusive. In this work we report the role of solvent polarity on the roughness‐dependency of wetting behavior of SAMs by studying static con‐tact angle of a variety of probing liquids, with different polarities, on SAMs formed on Ag‐based substrate with different surface morphology. By overlapping the roughness ranges with previous studies on Au, the limitation of surface roughness (RMS=1 nm) to observation of the odd–even effect using water as probing liquid was confirmed, but other probing liquid yielded different roughness‐dependent behaviors, with more polar solvent showing more roughness‐dependent behavior. Based on these observations, we concluded that there exists a phase‐transition like behavior in SAMs due to substrate roughness and molecule chain length, but whose determination is dependent on the probing liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshen Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
- Micro-electronic research center Iowa State University 133 Applied Sciences Complex, 1925 Scholl Road Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Dhruv Raturi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Martin Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
- Micro-electronic research center Iowa State University 133 Applied Sciences Complex, 1925 Scholl Road Ames IA 50011 USA
- Biopolymer and Biocomposites Research Team Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites Iowa State University 1041 Food Sciences Building Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering Iowa State University 2215 Coover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
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Amini S, Chen X, Chua JQI, Tee JS, Nijhuis CA, Miserez A. Interplay between Interfacial Energy, Contact Mechanics, and Capillary Forces in EGaIn Droplets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28074-28084. [PMID: 35649179 PMCID: PMC9227710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) is increasingly employed as an interfacial conductor material in molecular electronics and wearable healthcare devices owing to its ability to be shaped at room temperature, conductivity, and mechanical stability. Despite this emerging usage, the mechanical and physical mechanisms governing EGaIn interactions with surrounding objects─mainly regulated by surface tension and interfacial adhesion─remain poorly understood. Here, using depth-sensing nanoindentation (DSN) on pristine EGaIn/GaOx surfaces, we uncover how changes in EGaIn/substrate interfacial energies regulate the adhesive and contact mechanic behaviors, notably the evolution of EGaIn capillary bridges with distinct capillary geometries and pressures. Varying the interfacial energy by subjecting EGaIn to different chemical environments and by functionalizing the tip with chemically distinct self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), we show that the adhesion forces between EGaIn and the solid substrate can be increased by up to 2 orders of magnitude, resulting in about a 60-fold increase in the elongation of capillary bridges. Our data reveal that by deploying molecular junctions with SAMs of different terminal groups, the trends of charge transport rates, the resistance of monolayers, and the contact interactions between EGaIn and monolayers from electrical characterizations are governed by the interfacial energies as well. This study provides a key understanding into the role of interfacial energy on geometrical characteristics of EGaIn capillary bridges, offering insights toward the fabrication of EGaIn junctions in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrouz Amini
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Biological
and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials
(SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Fujian Province Key Laboratory
of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jia Qing Isaiah Chua
- Biological
and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials
(SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinq Shi Tee
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Hybrid Materials
for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Molecules Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Miserez
- Biological
and Biomimetic Materials Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Materials
(SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University (NTU), 60
Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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22
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Du C, Wang Z, Chen J, Martin A, Raturi D, Thuo M. Role of Nanoscale Roughness and Polarity in Odd–Even Effect of Self‐Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshen Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
- Micro-electronic research center Iowa State University 133 Applied Sciences Complex, 1925 Scholl Road Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Dhruv Raturi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Martin Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
- Micro-electronic research center Iowa State University 133 Applied Sciences Complex, 1925 Scholl Road Ames IA 50011 USA
- Biopolymer and Biocomposites Research Team Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites Iowa State University 1041 Food Sciences Building Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering Iowa State University 2215 Coover Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
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23
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Qiu X, Chiechi RC. Printable logic circuits comprising self-assembled protein complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2312. [PMID: 35484124 PMCID: PMC9050843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of digital logic circuits comprising resistors and diodes made from protein complexes and wired together using printed liquid metal electrodes. These resistors and diodes exhibit temperature-independent charge-transport over a distance of approximately 10 nm and require no encapsulation or special handling. The function of the protein complexes is determined entirely by self-assembly. When induced to self-assembly into anisotropic monolayers, the collective action of the aligned dipole moments increases the electrical conductivity of the ensemble in one direction and decreases it in the other. When induced to self-assemble into isotropic monolayers, the dipole moments are randomized and the electrical conductivity is approximately equal in both directions. We demonstrate the robustness and utility of these all-protein logic circuits by constructing pulse modulators based on AND and OR logic gates that function nearly identically to simulated circuits. These results show that digital circuits with useful functionality can be derived from readily obtainable biomolecules using simple, straightforward fabrication techniques that exploit molecular self-assembly, realizing one of the primary goals of molecular electronics. Proteins are promising molecular materials for next-generation electronic devices. Here, the authors fabricated printable digital logic circuits comprising resistors and diodes from self-assembled photosystem I complexes that enable pulse modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, United States.
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24
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Tang J, Zhai B, Liu X, Liu J, Zhao C, Fang Y. Interfacially confined preparation of copper Porphyrin-contained nanofilms towards High-performance Strain-Pressure monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:516-524. [PMID: 35016015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of ultrasensitive, durable and anti-jamming strain-pressure sensors that can precisely distinguish different motions or deformations is crucial for health diagnosis and disaster monitoring, but it also remains a challenge. In this study, a self-standing, highly flexible and uniform nanofilm (CuPTFA) was fabricated via interfacial covalent condensation of a copper complex of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine tetrahydrizides (Cu-TPPNHNH2) and tris-(4-formylphenyl)-amine (TFA). The film was used as a sensing layer in a strain-pressure sensor with a sandwich-like structure of Au/I2@CuPTFA/Au. The sensor had a gauge factor exceeding 10000, a strain range of linear response of 3-7%, reliable output signals after 5000 times of continuous use, and extraordinary noise-screening capability. The strain-pressure sensor can differentiate moderate muscle hyper-spasm from subtle swaying, walking and vigorous sporting activities, with great potential for real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, PR China
| | - Binbin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, PR China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, PR China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, PR China.
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25
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Jie Y, Wang D, Huang J, Feng Y, Yang J, Fang J, Chen R. Metal-Molecule-Metal Junctions on Self-Assembled Monolayers Made with Selective Electroless Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1609-1614. [PMID: 34962384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport through molecular-scale devices has been studied extensively for its extraordinary dimension superiority. Assembling such devices into large-scale functional circuits is crucial since the molecular tunnel junctions must be reliable, stable and reproducible during technological applications. In ideal circumstances, the device architecture should be designed such that the metal-molecule-metal (MMM) junctions can be analyzed by the more sensitive four point probe system. In this paper, we expound a delicate method to manufacture molecular junctions, which show excellent stability and reproducibility with high yields (>91 per cent). We form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on conductive Au thin film by microcontact printing and then generate robust covalently bound metal thin film electrodes on top of the SAMs by selective electroless deposition. Following MMM junction formation, a photoresist is coated and wells are opened on each feature by lithography. Then, Au thin film, as a permanent top electrode, is deposited into the photolithographically defined well. Conductivity analyzations were carried out on the 50 μm square junctions by the four point probe measurement, and the results showed reproducible tunneling I-V characteristics. This method reveals an approach not only offering a unique vehicle to investigate the electrical properties of molecule ensembles in MMMs, but also making a significant step toward MMM applications at the device level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Jie
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiawen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Amadi EV, Venkataraman A, Papadopoulos C. Nanoscale self-assembly: concepts, applications and challenges. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33. [PMID: 34874297 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly offers unique possibilities for fabricating nanostructures, with different morphologies and properties, typically from vapour or liquid phase precursors. Molecular units, nanoparticles, biological molecules and other discrete elements can spontaneously organise or form via interactions at the nanoscale. Currently, nanoscale self-assembly finds applications in a wide variety of areas including carbon nanomaterials and semiconductor nanowires, semiconductor heterojunctions and superlattices, the deposition of quantum dots, drug delivery, such as mRNA-based vaccines, and modern integrated circuits and nanoelectronics, to name a few. Recent advancements in drug delivery, silicon nanoelectronics, lasers and nanotechnology in general, owing to nanoscale self-assembly, coupled with its versatility, simplicity and scalability, have highlighted its importance and potential for fabricating more complex nanostructures with advanced functionalities in the future. This review aims to provide readers with concise information about the basic concepts of nanoscale self-assembly, its applications to date, and future outlook. First, an overview of various self-assembly techniques such as vapour deposition, colloidal growth, molecular self-assembly and directed self-assembly/hybrid approaches are discussed. Applications in diverse fields involving specific examples of nanoscale self-assembly then highlight the state of the art and finally, the future outlook for nanoscale self-assembly and potential for more complex nanomaterial assemblies in the future as technological functionality increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberechukwu Victoria Amadi
- University of Victoria, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Anusha Venkataraman
- University of Victoria, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Chris Papadopoulos
- University of Victoria, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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27
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Bennett TLR, Alshammari M, Au-Yong S, Almutlg A, Wang X, Wilkinson LA, Albrecht T, Jarvis SP, Cohen LF, Ismael A, Lambert CJ, Robinson BJ, Long NJ. Multi-Component Self-Assembled Molecular-Electronic Films: Towards New High-Performance Thermoelectric Systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5176-5185. [PMID: 35655580 PMCID: PMC9093172 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoelectric properties of parallel arrays of organic molecules on a surface offer the potential for large-area, flexible, solution processed, energy harvesting thin-films, whose room-temperature transport properties are controlled by quantum interference (QI). Recently, it has been demonstrated that constructive QI (CQI) can be translated from single molecules to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), boosting both electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients. However, these CQI-enhanced systems are limited by rigid coupling of the component molecules to metallic electrodes, preventing the introduction of additional layers which would be advantageous for their further development. These rigid couplings also limit our ability to suppress the transport of phonons through these systems, which could act to boost their thermoelectric output, without comprising on their impressive electronic features. Here, through a combined experimental and theoretical study, we show that cross-plane thermoelectricity in SAMs can be enhanced by incorporating extra molecular layers. We utilize a bottom-up approach to assemble multi-component thin-films that combine a rigid, highly conductive ‘sticky’-linker, formed from alkynyl-functionalised anthracenes, and a ‘slippery’-linker consisting of a functionalized metalloporphyrin. Starting from an anthracene-based SAM, we demonstrate that subsequent addition of either a porphyrin layer or a graphene layer increases the Seebeck coefficient, and addition of both porphyrin and graphene leads to a further boost in their Seebeck coefficients. This demonstration of Seebeck-enhanced multi-component SAMs is the first of its kind and presents a new strategy towards the design of thin-film thermoelectric materials. Through an experimental and theoretical study, cross-plane thermoelectricity in Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) was enhanced by adding extra molecular layers, presenting a new strategy towards the design of high thermoelectric materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L R Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH White City London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Majed Alshammari
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University Skaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Au-Yong
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ahmad Almutlg
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University Almethnab Saudi Arabia
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Luke A Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham University Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Samuel P Jarvis
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Lesley F Cohen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH White City London W12 0BZ UK
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28
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Dong J, Sami S, Balazs DM, Alessandri R, Jahani F, Qiu L, Marrink SJ, Havenith RWA, Hummelen JC, Loi MA, Portale G. Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol side chains: an investigation on the origin of their outstanding transport properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:16217-16225. [PMID: 34912563 PMCID: PMC8614456 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc02753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For many years, fullerene derivatives have been the main n-type material of organic electronics and optoelectronics. Recently, fullerene derivatives functionalized with ethylene glycol (EG) side chains have been showing important properties such as enhanced dielectric constants, facile doping and enhanced self-assembly capabilities. Here, we have prepared field-effect transistors using a series of these fullerene derivatives equipped with EG side chains of different lengths. Transport data show the beneficial effect of increasing the EG side chain. In order to understand the material properties, full structural determination of these fullerene derivatives has been achieved by coupling the X-ray data with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The increase in transport properties is paired with the formation of extended layered structures, efficient molecular packing and an increase in the crystallite alignment. The layer-like structure is composed of conducting layers, containing of closely packed C60 balls approaching the inter-distance of 1 nm, that are separated by well-defined EG layers, where the EG chains are rather splayed with the chain direction almost perpendicular to the layer normal. Such a layered structure appears highly ordered and highly aligned with the C60 planes oriented parallel to the substrate in the thin film configuration. The order inside the thin film increases with the EG chain length, allowing the systems to achieve mobilities as high as 0.053 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our work elucidates the structure of these interesting semiconducting organic molecules and shows that the synergistic use of X-ray structural analysis and MD simulations is a powerful tool to identify the structure of thin organic films for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Dong
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Selim Sami
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M Balazs
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Fatimeh Jahani
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3) Gent B-9000 Belgium
| | - Jan C Hummelen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Maria A Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
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29
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Tian L, Martine E, Yu X, Hu W. Amine-Anchored Aromatic Self-Assembled Monolayer Junction: Structure and Electric Transport Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12223-12233. [PMID: 34606290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure and transport properties of aromatic amine self-assembled monolayers (NH2-SAMs) on an Au surface. The oligophenylene and oligoacene amines with variable lengths can form a densely packed and uniform monolayer under proper assembly conditions. Molecular junctions incorporating an eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) top electrode were used to characterize the charge transport properties of the amine monolayer. The current density J of the junction decreases exponentially with the molecular length (d), as J = J0 exp(-βd), which is a sign of tunneling transport, with indistinguishable values of J0 and β for NH2-SAMs of oligophenylene and oligoacene, indicating a similar molecule-electrode contact and tunneling barrier for two groups of molecules. Compared with the oligophenylene and oligoacene molecules with thiol (SH) as the anchor group, a similar β value (∼0.35 Å-1) of the aromatic NH2-SAM suggests a similar tunneling barrier, while a lower (by 2 orders of magnitude) injection current J0 is attributed to lower electronic coupling Γ of the amine group with the electrode. These observations are further supported by single-level tunneling model fitting. Our study here demonstrates the NH2-SAMs can work as an effective active layer for molecular junctions, and provide key physical parameters for the charge transport, paving the road for their applications in functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Esther Martine
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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30
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Torabi N, Qiu X, López-Ortiz M, Loznik M, Herrmann A, Kermanpur A, Ashrafi A, Chiechi RC. Fullerenes Enhance Self-Assembly and Electron Injection of Photosystem I in Biophotovoltaic Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11465-11473. [PMID: 34544234 PMCID: PMC8495901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of microfluidic devices with a focus on controlling the orientation of photosystem I (PSI) complexes, which directly affects the performance of biophotovoltaic devices by maximizing the efficiency of the extraction of electron/hole pairs from the complexes. The surface chemistry of the electrode on which the complexes assemble plays a critical role in their orientation. We compared the degree of orientation on self-assembled monolayers of phenyl-C61-butyric acid and a custom peptide on nanostructured gold electrodes. Biophotovoltaic devices fabricated with the C61 fulleroid exhibit significantly improved performance and reproducibility compared to those utilizing the peptide, yielding a 1.6-fold increase in efficiency. In addition, the C61-based devices were more stable under continuous illumination. Our findings show that fulleroids, which are well-known acceptor materials in organic photovoltaic devices, facilitate the extraction of electrons from PSI complexes without sacrificing control over the orientation of the complexes, highlighting this combination of traditional organic semiconductors with biomolecules as a viable approach to coopting natural photosynthetic systems for use in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Torabi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel López-Ortiz
- IBEC—Institut
de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Network
Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mark Loznik
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Kermanpur
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Ashrafi
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
Current studies in the Li-battery field are focusing on building systems with higher energy density than ever before. The path toward this goal, however, should not ignore aspects such as safety, stability, and cycling life. These issues frequently originate from interfacial instability, and therefore, precise surface chemistry that allows for accurate control of material surface and interfaces is much in demand for advanced battery research. Molecular self-assembly as a surface chemistry tool is considered to surpass many conventional coating techniques due to its intrinsic merits such as spontaneous organization, molecular-scale uniformity, and structural diversity. Recent publications have demonstrated the power of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in addressing pressing issues in the battery field such as the chemical stability of Li, but many more investigations are needed to fully explore the potential and impact of this technique on energy storage. This perspective is the first of its kind devoted to SAMs in batteries and related materials. Recent research progress on SAMs in batteries is reviewed and mainly falls in two categories, including the improvement of chemical stability and the regulation of nucleation in conversion electrode reactions. Future applications and consideration of SAMs in energy storage are discussed. We believe these summaries and outlooks are highly stimulative and may benefit future advancements in battery chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowei Yi
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Mao
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and in situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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32
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Liu J, Van der Zee B, Villava DR, Ye G, Kahmann S, Kamperman M, Dong J, Qiu L, Portale G, Loi MA, Hummelen JC, Chiechi RC, Baran D, Koster LJA. Molecular Doping Directed by a Neutral Radical. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29858-29865. [PMID: 34132516 PMCID: PMC8251695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping makes possible tunable electronic properties of organic semiconductors, yet a lack of control of the doping process narrows its scope for advancing organic electronics. Here, we demonstrate that the molecular doping process can be improved by introducing a neutral radical molecule, namely nitroxyl radical (2,2,6,6-teramethylpiperidin-i-yl) oxyl (TEMPO). Fullerene derivatives are used as the host and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles (DMBI-H) as the n-type dopant. TEMPO can abstract a hydrogen atom from DMBI-H and transform the latter into a much stronger reducing agent DMBI•, which efficiently dopes the fullerene derivative to yield an electrical conductivity of 4.4 S cm-1. However, without TEMPO, the fullerene derivative is only weakly doped likely by a hydride transfer following by an inefficient electron transfer. This work unambiguously identifies the doping pathway in fullerene derivative/DMBI-H systems in the presence of TEMPO as the transfer of a hydrogen atom accompanied by electron transfer. In the absence of TEMPO, the doping process inevitably leads to the formation of less symmetrical hydrogenated fullerene derivative anions or radicals, which adversely affect the molecular packing. By adding TEMPO we can exclude the formation of such species and, thus, improve charge transport. In addition, a lower temperature is sufficient to meet an efficient doping process in the presence of TEMPO. Thereby, we provide an extra control of the doping process, enabling enhanced thermoelectric performance at a low processing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Van der Zee
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego R. Villava
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar
Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gang Ye
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center
for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & college of Physics
and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices
and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Kamperman
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Hummelen
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Baran
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences
and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar
Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - L. Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike
Institute of Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Surface modification by poly(ethylene glycol) with different end-grafted groups: Experimental and theoretical study. Biointerphases 2021; 16:021002. [PMID: 33726496 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is extensively reported to be a surface-independent anchor molecule in bioadhesive surface modification and antifouling biomaterial fabrication. However, the mechanisms of DOPA adsorption on versatile substrates and the comparison between experimental results and theoretical results are less addressed. We report the adsorption of DOPA anchored monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (DOPA-mPEG) on substrates and surface wettability as well as antifouling property in comparison with thiol and hydroxyl anchored mPEG (mPEG-SH and mPEG-OH). Gold and hydroxylated silicon were used as model substrates to study the adsorptions of mPEGs. The experimental results showed that the DOPA-mPEG showed higher affinity to both gold and silicon wafers, and the DOPA-mPEG modified surfaces had higher resistance to protein adsorption than those of mPEG-SH and mPEG-OH. It is revealed that the surface wettability is primary for surface fouling, while polymer flexibility is the secondary parameter. We present ab initio calculations of the adsorption of mEGs with different end-functionalities on Au and hydroxylated silicon wafer (Si-OH), where the binding energies are obtained. It is established that monomethoxy ethylene glycol (mEG) with DOPA terminal DOPA-mEG is clearly favored for the adsorption with both gold and Si-OH surfaces due to the bidentate Au-O interactions and the bidentate O-H bond interactions, in agreement with experimental evidence.
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34
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Xu P, Li X, Yu H. Thermodynamic Phase-like Transition Effect of Molecular Self-assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:126-131. [PMID: 33307700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The technique of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is frequently applied for grafting functional groups or area-selective deposition of thin films on a material surface. The formation and quality of SAMs are fundamentally determined by thermodynamic data, which are difficult to measure with available experimental methods. This work quantitatively extracted thermodynamic parameters including ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° during the SAMs construction process with an ultrasensitive resonant microcantilever as molecule-surface interactions real-time recording tool. By correlating the thermodynamic parameters with self-assembling temperatures, a new thermodynamic phase-like transition effect of molecular self-assembly has been first revealed. The sharp transition of the thermodynamic parameters defines the critical condition for SAMs formation. The thermodynamic data further provide optimized reaction conditions for constructing high-quality SAMs. The explored quantitative thermodynamic analysis method not only plays as criterion for SAM growth but also helps to fundamentally elucidate physicochemical mechanism of spontaneous self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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35
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Qiu X, Rousseva S, Ye G, Hummelen JC, Chiechi RC. In Operando Modulation of Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions Comprising Reconfigurable Molecular Self-Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006109. [PMID: 33326147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reconfiguration of molecular tunneling junctions during operation via the self-assembly of bilayers of glycol ethers is described. Well-established functional groups are used to modulate the magnitude and direction of rectification in assembled tunneling junctions by exposing them to solutions containing different glycol ethers. Variable-temperature measurements confirm that rectification occurs by the expected bias-dependent tunneling-hopping mechanism for these functional groups and that glycol ethers, besides being an unusually efficient tunneling medium, behave similarly to alkanes. Memory bits are fabricated from crossbar junctions prepared by injecting eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) into microfluidic channels. The states of two 8-bit registers were set by trains of droplets such that they are able to perform logical AND operations on bit strings encoded into chemical packets that alter the composition of the crossbar junctions through self-assembly to effect memristor-like properties. This proof-of-concept work demonstrates the potential for fieldable devices based on molecular tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers and bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Rousseva
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan C Hummelen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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36
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Dief EM, Vogel YB, Peiris CR, Le Brun AP, Gonçales VR, Ciampi S, Reimers JR, Darwish N. Covalent Linkages of Molecules and Proteins to Si-H Surfaces Formed by Disulfide Reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14999-15009. [PMID: 33271017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiols and disulfide contacts have been, for decades, key for connecting organic molecules to surfaces and nanoclusters as they form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metals such as gold (Au) under mild conditions. In contrast, they have not been similarly deployed on Si owing to the harsh conditions required for monolayer formation. Here, we show that SAMs can be simply formed by dipping Si-H surfaces into dilute solutions of organic molecules or proteins comprising disulfide bonds. We demonstrate that S-S bonds can be spontaneously reduced on Si-H, forming covalent Si-S bonds in the presence of traces of water, and that this grafting can be catalyzed by electrochemical potential. Cyclic disulfide can be spontaneously reduced to form complete monolayers in 1 h, and the reduction can be catalyzed electrochemically to form full surface coverages within 15 min. In contrast, the kinetics of SAM formation of the cyclic disulfide molecule on Au was found to be three-fold slower than that on Si. It is also demonstrated that dilute thiol solutions can form monolayers on Si-H following oxidation to disulfides under ambient conditions; the supply of too much oxygen, however, inhibits SAM formation. The electron transfer kinetics of the Si-S-enabled SAMs on Si-H is comparable to that on Au, suggesting that Si-S contacts are electrically transmissive. We further demonstrate the prospect of this spontaneous disulfide reduction by forming a monolayer of protein azurin on a Si-H surface within 1 h. The direct reduction of disulfides on Si electrodes presents new capabilities for a range of fields, including molecular electronics, for which highly conducting SAM-electrode contacts are necessary and for emerging fields such as biomolecular electronics as disulfide linkages could be exploited to wire proteins between Si electrodes, within the context of the current Si-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Yan B Vogel
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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37
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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38
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Feng X, Sun Z, Pei K, Han W, Wang F, Luo P, Su J, Zuo N, Liu G, Li H, Zhai T. 2D Inorganic Bimolecular Crystals with Strong In-Plane Anisotropy for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003146. [PMID: 32589323 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
2D inorganic bimolecular crystals, consisting of two different inorganic molecules, are expected to possess novel physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect of the individual components. However, 2D inorganic bimolecular crystals remain unexploited because of the difficulties in preparation arising from non-typical layered structures and intricate intermolecular interactions. Here, the synthesis of 2D inorganic bimolecular crystal SbI3 ·3S8 nanobelts via a facile vertical microspacing sublimation strategy is reported. The as-synthesized SbI3 ·3S8 nanobelts exhibit strong in-plane anisotropy of phonon vibrations and intramolecular vibrations as well as show anisotropic light absorption with a high dichroism ratio of 3.9. Furthermore, it is revealed that the second harmonic generation intensity of SbI3 ·3S8 nanobelts is highly dependent on the excitation wavelength and crystallographic orientation. This work can inspire the growth of more 2D inorganic bimolecular crystals and excite potential applications for bimolecular optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zongdong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ke Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guiheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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39
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Li S, Yu H, Chen X, Gewirth AA, Moore JS, Schroeder CM. Covalent Ag-C Bonding Contacts from Unprotected Terminal Acetylenes for Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5490-5495. [PMID: 32511930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Robust molecule-metal linkages are essential for developing high-performance and air-stable devices for molecular and organic electronics. In this work, we report a facile method for forming robust and covalent bonding contacts between unprotected terminal acetylenes and metal (Ag) interfaces. Using this approach, we study the charge transport properties of conjugated oligophenylenes with covalent metal-carbon contacts to silver electrodes formed from unprotected terminal acetylene anchors. We performed single molecule charge transport experiments and molecular simulations on a series of arylacetylenes using gold and silver electrodes. Our results show that molecular junctions on silver electrodes spontaneously form silver-carbynyl carbon (Ag-C) contacts, resulting in a nearly 10-fold increase in conductance compared to the same molecules on gold electrodes. Overall, this work presents a simple, new electrode-anchor pair that reliably forms molecular junctions with stable and robust contacts for molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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40
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