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Park T, Han Y, Lee S, Kim YH, Yoo H. Wavelength-Dependent Multistate Programmability and Optoelectronic Logic-in-Memory Operation from the Narrow Bandgap pNDI-SVS Floating Gate. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9544-9552. [PMID: 38968419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces wavelength-dependent multistate programmable optoelectronic logic-in-memory (OLIM) operation using a broadband photoresponsive pNDI-SVS floating gate. The distinct optical absorption of the relatively large bandgap DNTT channel (2.6 eV) and the narrow bandgap pNDI-SVS floating gate (1.37 eV) lead to varying light-induced charge carrier accumulation across different wavelengths. In the proposed OLIM device comprising the p-type pNDI-SVS-based optoelectronic memory (POEM) transistor and an IGZO n-type transistor, we achieve controllable output voltage signals by modulating the pull-up performance through optical wavelength and applied bias manipulation. Real-time OLIM operation yields four discernible output values. The device's high mechanical flexibility and seamless surface integration among the paper substrate, pNDI-SVS, parylene gate dielectric, and DNTT region render it compatible for integration into paper-based optoelectronics. Our flexible POEM device on name card substrates demonstrates stable operational performance, with minimal variation (8%) after 100 cycles of repeated memory operation, remaining reliable across various angle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Park
- SDC Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- SDC Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and RIMA, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RIMA, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- SDC Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Park JY, Lee S, Bi JC, Lee JS, Hwang YH, Kang B, Seok J, Park S, Lim D, Park YW, Ju BK. Selective Enhancement of Viewing Angle Characteristics and Light Extraction Efficiency of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes through an Easily Tailorable Si 3N 4 Nanofiber Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27566-27575. [PMID: 38743438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We selectively improved the viewing angle characteristics and light extraction efficiency of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by tailoring a nanofiber-shaped Si3N4 layer, which was used as an internal scattering layer. The diameter of the polymer nanofibers changed according to the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the polymer solution for electrospinning. The Si3N4 nanofiber (SNF) structure was fabricated by etching an Si3N4 film using the PAN/PMMA nanofiber as a mask, making it easier to adjust parameters, such as the diameter, open ratio, and height, even though the SNF structure was randomly shaped. The SNF structures exhibited lower transmittance and higher haze with increasing diameter, showing little correlation with their height. However, all the structures demonstrated a total transmittance of over 80%. Finally, by applying the SNF structures to the blue TADF OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency was increased by 15.6%. In addition, the current and power efficiencies were enhanced by 23.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The internal light-extracting SNF structure also exhibited a synergistic effect with the external light-extracting structure. Furthermore, when the viewing angle changed from 0° to 60°, the peak wavelength and CIE coordinate shift decreased from 20 to 6 nm and from 0.0561 to 0.0243, respectively. These trends were explained by the application of Snell's law to the light path and were ultimately validated through finite-difference time-domain simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Cheng Bi
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Lee
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Hwang
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Kang
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seok
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dogi Lim
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Display Co., 1, Samsung-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Park
- Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering, Sun Moon University Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Sachnik O, Ie Y, Ando N, Tan X, Blom PWM, Wetzelaer GJAH. Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Trap-Free Host Beats Power Efficiency and Lifetime of Multilayer Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311892. [PMID: 38214416 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing a single active layer potentially offer a number of benefits compared to multilayer devices; reduced number of materials and deposition steps, potential for solution processing, and reduced operating voltage due to the absence of heterojunctions. However, for single-layer OLEDs to achieve efficiencies approaching those of multilayer devices, balanced charge transport is a prerequisite. This requirement excludes many efficient emitters based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) that exhibit electron trapping, such as the green-emitting bis(4-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)phenyl)methanone (DMAC-BP). By employing a recently developed trap-free large band gap material as a host for DMAC-BP, nearly balanced charge transport is achieved. The single-layer OLED reaches an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.6%, which is comparable to the reported EQEs of 18.9-21% for multilayer devices, but achieves a record power efficiency for DMAC-BP OLEDs of 82 lm W-1, clearly surpassing the reported multilayer power efficiencies of 52.9-59 lm W-1. In addition, the operational stability is greatly improved compared to multilayer devices and the use of conventional host materials in combination with DMAC-BP as an emitter. Next to the obvious reduction in production costs, single-layer OLEDs therefore also offer the advantage of reduced energy consumption and enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Sachnik
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yutaka Ie
- Department of Soft Nanomaterials, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Soft Nanomaterials, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Xiao Tan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Luo A, Bao Y, Liu X, Liu J, Han W, Yang G, Yang Y, Bin Z, You J. Unlocking Structurally Nontraditional Naphthyridine-Based Electron-Transporting Materials with C-H Activation-Annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6240-6251. [PMID: 38315826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent benefits of C-H activation have given rise to innovative approaches in designing organic optoelectronic molecules that depart from conventional methods. While theoretical calculations have suggested the suitability of the 2,6-naphthyridine scaffold for electron transport materials (ETMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the existing synthetic methodologies have proven to be insufficient for the construction of multiple arylated and fully aryl-substituted molecules. Herein, we present a solution for the synthesis of 2,6-naphthyridine derivatives, with the rhodium-catalyzed consecutive C-H activation-annulation process of fumaric acid with alkynes standing as the pivotal step within this strategy. The ETMs, purposefully designed and synthesized based on the 2,6-naphthyridine framework, exhibit an impressively high glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 282 °C and high electron mobility (μe), setting a new benchmark for ETMs in OLEDs with a μe exceeding 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1. These materials prove to be versatile ETM candidates suitable for red, green, and blue phosphorescent OLED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Guo Y, Zhu B, Tang CY, Zhou Q, Zhu Y. Photogenerated outer electric field induced electrophoresis of organic nanocrystals for effective solid-solid photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:428. [PMID: 38200002 PMCID: PMC10781792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid mass transfer in solid-solid reactions is crucial for catalysis. Although phoretic nanoparticles offer potential for increased collision efficiency between solids, their implementation is hindered by limited interaction ranges. Here, we present a self-driven long-range electrophoresis of organic nanocrystals facilitated by a rationally designed photogenerated outer electric field (OEF) on their surface. Employing perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecular nanocrystals as a model, we demonstrate that a directional OEF with an intensity of 13.6-0.4 kV m-1 across a range of 25-200 μm. This OEF-driven targeted electrophoresis of PTCDA nanocrystals onto the microplastic surface enhances the activity for subsequent decomposition of microplastics (196.8 mg h-1) into CO2 by solid-solid catalysis. As supported by operando characterizations and theoretical calculations, the OEF surrounds PTCDA nanocrystals initially, directing from the electron-rich (0 1 1) to the hole-rich [Formula: see text] surface. Upon surface charge modulation, the direction of OEF changes toward the solid substrate. The OEF-driven electrophoretic effect in organic nanocrystals with anisotropic charge enrichment characteristics indicates potential advancements in realizing effective solid-solid photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100032, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Qixin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Zhang K, Wang X, Chang Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Wang L. Carbazole-Decorated Organoboron Emitters with Low-Lying HOMO Levels for Solution-Processed Narrowband Blue Hyperfluorescence OLED Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313084. [PMID: 37775994 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The hyperfluorescence has drawn great attention in achieving efficient narrowband emitting devices based on multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters. However, achieving efficient solution-processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices is still a challenge, due to the unbalanced charge transport and serious exciton quenching caused by that the holes are easily trapped on the high-lying HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) level of traditional diphenylamine-decorated emitters. Here, we developed two narrowband blue organoboron emitters with low-lying HOMO levels by decorating the MR-TADF core with weakly electron-donating carbazoles, which could suppress the hole trapping effect by reducing the hole traps between host and MR-TADF emitter from deep (0.40 eV) to shallow (0.14/0.20 eV) ones for facilitating hole transport and exciton formation, as well as avoiding exciton quenching. And the large dihedral angle between the carbazole and MR-TADF core makes the carbazole act as a steric hindrance to inhibit molecular aggregation. Accordingly, the optimized solution-processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices simultaneously realize record external quantum efficiency of 29.2 %, narrowband emission with a full-width at half-maximum of 16.6 nm, and pure blue color with CIE coordinates of (0.139, 0.189), which is the best result for the solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes based on MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
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