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Carlson DL, Kowalewski M, Bodoor K, Lietzan AD, Hughes PF, Gooden D, Loiselle DR, Alcorta D, Dingman Z, Mueller EA, Irnov I, Modla S, Chaya T, Caplan J, Embers M, Miller JC, Jacobs-Wagner C, Redinbo MR, Spector N, Haystead TAJ. Targeting Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG with a berserker molecule, a strategy for anti-microbial development. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:465-476.e12. [PMID: 37918401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antimicrobial discovery relies on targeting essential enzymes in pathogenic organisms, contributing to a paucity of new antibiotics to address resistant strains. Here, by targeting a non-essential enzyme, Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG, to deliver lethal payloads, we expand what can be considered druggable within any pathogen. We synthesized HS-291, an HtpG inhibitor tethered to the photoactive toxin verteporfin. Reactive oxygen species, generated by light, enables HS-291 to sterilize Borrelia cultures by causing oxidation of HtpG, and a discrete subset of proteins in proximity to the chaperone. This caused irreversible nucleoid collapse and membrane blebbing. Tethering verteporfin to the HtpG inhibitor was essential, since free verteporfin was not retained by Borrelia in contrast to HS-291. For this reason, we liken HS-291 to a berserker, wreaking havoc upon the pathogen's biology once selectively absorbed and activated. This strategy expands the druggable pathogenic genome and offsets antibiotic resistance by targeting non-essential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave L Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Mark Kowalewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, 3(rd) Floor, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Adam D Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 385 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David Gooden
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David R Loiselle
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - David Alcorta
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Zoey Dingman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mueller
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Irnov Irnov
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Shannon Modla
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Tim Chaya
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jeffrey Caplan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Monica Embers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jennifer C Miller
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, P.O. Box 14346 7020 Kit Creek Road, Ste 130, Research Triangle Park, Raliegh, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christine Jacobs-Wagner
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; Biology Department, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, 3(rd) Floor, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Neil Spector
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, C119 LSRC, Research Drive, Durham NC 27701, USA.
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2
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Bollinger KW, Müh U, Ocius KL, Apostolos AJ, Pires MM, Helm RF, Popham DL, Weiss DS, Ellermeier CD. Identification of a new family of peptidoglycan transpeptidases reveals atypical crosslinking is essential for viability in Clostridioides difficile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584917. [PMID: 38559057 PMCID: PMC10980060 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, relies primarily on 3-3 crosslinks created by L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs) to fortify its peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. This is unusual, as in most bacteria the vast majority of PG crosslinks are 4-3 crosslinks, which are created by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Here we report the unprecedented observation that 3-3 crosslinking is essential for viability in C. difficile. We also report the discovery of a new family of LDTs that use a VanW domain to catalyze 3-3 crosslinking rather than a YkuD domain as in all previously known LDTs. Bioinformatic analyses indicate VanW domain LDTs are less common than YkuD domain LDTs and are largely restricted to Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings suggest that LDTs might be exploited as targets for antibiotics that kill C. difficile without disrupting the intestinal microbiota that is important for keeping C. difficile in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Bollinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ute Müh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karl L. Ocius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alexis J. Apostolos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Present address: Haleon, 1211 Sherwood Ave, Richmond, VA 23220
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard F. Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David L. Popham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David S. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Craig D. Ellermeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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3
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Zhang S, Cao Z, Fan P, Sun W, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Wang Y, Huang S. Discrimination of Disaccharide Isomers of Different Glycosidic Linkages Using a Modified MspA Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316766. [PMID: 38116834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide subunits joined by a glycosidic linkage in an α or β configuration. Different combinations of isomeric monosaccharide subunits and different glycosidic linkages result in different isomeric disaccharide products. Thus, direct discrimination of these disaccharide isomers from a mixture is extremely difficult. In this paper, a hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore conjugated with a phenylboronic acid (PBA) adapter was applied for disaccharide sensing, with which three most widely known disaccharides in nature, including sucrose, lactose and maltose, were clearly discriminated. Besides, all six isomeric α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructoses, differing only in their glycosidic linkages, were also well resolved. Assisted by a custom machine learning algorithm, a 0.99 discrimination accuracy is achieved. Nanopore discrimination of disaccharide isomers with different glycosidic linkages, which has never been previously demonstrated, is inspiring for nanopore saccharide sequencing. This sensing capacity was also applied in direct identification of isomaltulose additives in a commercial sucrose-free yogurt, from which isomaltulose, lactose and L-lactic acid were simultaneously detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pingping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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King KA, Benton AH, Caudill MT, Stoyanof ST, Kang L, Michalak P, Lahmers KK, Dunman PM, DeHart TG, Ahmad SS, Jutras BL, Poncin K, De Bolle X, Caswell CC. Post-transcriptional control of the essential enzyme MurF by a small regulatory RNA in Brucella abortus. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:129-141. [PMID: 38082493 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a facultative, intracellular, zoonotic pathogen that resides inside macrophages during infection. This is a specialized niche where B. abortus encounters various stresses as it navigates through the macrophage. In order to survive this harsh environment, B. abortus utilizes post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through the use of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs). Here, we characterize a Brucella sRNAs called MavR (for MurF- and virulence-regulating sRNA), and we demonstrate that MavR is required for the full virulence of B. abortus in macrophages and in a mouse model of chronic infection. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies revealed that a major regulatory target of MavR is MurF. MurF is an essential protein that catalyzes the final cytoplasmic step in peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis; however, we did not detect any differences in the amount or chemical composition of PG in the ΔmavR mutant. A 6-nucleotide regulatory seed region within MavR was identified, and mutation of this seed region resulted in dysregulation of MurF production, as well as significant attenuation of infection in a mouse model. Overall, the present study underscores the importance of sRNA regulation in the physiology and virulence of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Angela H Benton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mitchell T Caudill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S Tristan Stoyanof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Institute for Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul M Dunman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tanner G DeHart
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Saadman S Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Brandon L Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Katy Poncin
- URBM, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Strnad M, Rudenko N, Rego RO. Pathogenicity and virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi. Virulence 2023; 14:2265015. [PMID: 37814488 PMCID: PMC10566445 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2265015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi often triggers pathophysiologic perturbations that are further augmented by the inflammatory responses of the host, resulting in the severe clinical conditions of Lyme disease. While our apprehension of the spatial and temporal integration of the virulence determinants during the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi is constantly being improved, there is still much to be discovered. Many of the novel virulence strategies discussed in this review are undetermined. Lyme disease spirochaetes must surmount numerous molecular and mechanical obstacles in order to establish a disseminated infection in a vertebrate host. These barriers include borrelial relocation from the midgut of the feeding tick to its body cavity and further to the salivary glands, deposition to the skin, haematogenous dissemination, extravasation from blood circulation system, evasion of the host immune responses, localization to protective niches, and establishment of local as well as distal infection in multiple tissues and organs. Here, the various well-defined but also possible novel strategies and virulence mechanisms used by B. burgdorferi to evade obstacles laid out by the tick vector and usually the mammalian host during colonization and infection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Strnad
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Rudenko
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan O.M. Rego
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
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Rouse JR, Danner R, Wahhab A, Pereckas M, McClune ME, Steere AC, Strle K, Jutras BL, Lochhead RB. Human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR-expressing fibroblast-like synoviocytes are inducible antigen presenting cells that present autoantigens in Lyme arthritis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568066. [PMID: 38045407 PMCID: PMC10690166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background HLA-DR-expressing fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are a prominent cell type in synovial tissue in chronic inflammatory forms of arthritis. We recently showed that peptides from several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including fibronectin-1 (FN1), contained immunogenic CD4+ T cell epitopes in patients with postinfectious Lyme arthritis (LA). However, the role of FLS in presentation of these T cell epitopes remains uncertain. Methods Primary LA FLS and primary murine FLS stimulated with interferon gamma (IFNγ), Borrelia burgdorferi, and/or B. burgdorferi peptidoglycan (PG) were assessed for properties associated with antigen presentation. HLA-DR-presented peptides from stimulated LA FLS were identified by immunopeptidomics analysis. OT-II T cells were cocultured with stimulated murine FLS in the presence of cognate ovalbumin antigen to determine the potential of FLS to act as inducible antigen presenting cells (APC). Results FLS expressed HLA-DR molecules within inflamed synovial tissue and tendons from patients with post-infectious LA patients in situ. MHC class II and costimulatory molecules were expressed by FLS following in vitro stimulation with IFNγ and B. burgdorferi and presented both foreign and self MHC-II peptides, including T cell epitopes derived from two Lyme autoantigens fibronectin-1 (FN1) and endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF). Stimulated murine FLS induced proliferation of naïve OT-II CD4+ T cells, particularly when FLS were stimulated with both IFNγ and PG. Conclusions MHC-II+ FLS are inducible APCs that can induce CD4+ T cell activation and can present Lyme autoantigens derived from ECM proteins, thereby amplifying tissue-localized autoimmune CD4+ T cell responses in LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Rouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Danner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amanda Wahhab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michaela Pereckas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mecaila E McClune
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Allen C Steere
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klemen Strle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert B Lochhead
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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7
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Kozelková T, Dyčka F, Lu S, Urbanová V, Frantová H, Sojka D, Šíma R, Horn M, Perner J, Kopáček P. Insight Into the Dynamics of the Ixodes ricinus Nymphal Midgut Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100663. [PMID: 37832788 PMCID: PMC10665701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are ectoparasites that feed on blood and have an impressive ability to consume and process enormous amounts of host blood, allowing extremely long periods of starvation between blood meals. The central role in the parasitic lifestyle of ticks is played by the midgut. This organ efficiently stores and digests ingested blood and serves as the primary interface for the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we used a label-free quantitative approach to perform a novel dynamic proteomic analysis of the midgut of Ixodesricinus nymphs, covering their development from unfed to pre-molt stages. We identified 1534 I. ricinus-specific proteins with a relatively low proportion of host proteins. This proteome dataset, which was carefully examined by manual scrutiny, allowed precise annotation of proteins important for blood meal processing and their dynamic changes during nymphal ontogeny. We focused on midgut molecules related to lipid hydrolysis, storage, and transport, opening a yet unexplored avenue for studying lipid metabolism in ticks. Further dynamic profiling of the tick's multi-enzyme digestive network, protease inhibitors, enzymes involved in redox homeostasis and detoxification, antimicrobial peptides, and proteins responsible for midgut colonization by Borrelia spirochetes promises to uncover new targets for targeting tick nymphs, the most critical life stage for transmission the pathogens that cause tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kozelková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dyčka
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Lu
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Veronika Urbanová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Frantová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Sojka
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šíma
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Bioptic Laboratory, Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Perner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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8
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Reddy PJ, Sun Z, Wippel HH, Baxter D, Swearingen K, Shteynberg DD, Midha MK, Caimano MJ, Strle K, Choi Y, Chan AP, Schork NJ, Moritz RL. Borrelia PeptideAtlas: A proteome resource of common Borrelia burgdorferi isolates for Lyme research. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545244. [PMID: 37398146 PMCID: PMC10312716 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by an infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in North America. B. burgdorferi strains harbor extensive genomic and proteomic variability and further comparison is key to understanding the spirochetes infectivity and biological impacts of identified sequence variants. To achieve this goal, both transcript and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics was applied to assemble peptide datasets of laboratory strains B31, MM1, B31-ML23, infective isolates B31-5A4, B31-A3, and 297, and other public datasets, to provide a publicly available Borrelia PeptideAtlas http://www.peptideatlas.org/builds/borrelia/. Included is information on total proteome, secretome, and membrane proteome of these B. burgdorferi strains. Proteomic data collected from 35 different experiment datasets, with a total of 855 mass spectrometry runs, identified 76,936 distinct peptides at a 0.1% peptide false-discovery-rate, which map to 1,221 canonical proteins (924 core canonical and 297 noncore canonical) and covers 86% of the total base B31 proteome. The diverse proteomic information from multiple isolates with credible data presented by the Borrelia PeptideAtlas can be useful to pinpoint potential protein targets which are common to infective isolates and may be key in the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - David Baxter
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Klemen Strle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yongwook Choi
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Agnes P. Chan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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9
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Hayes KA, Dressler JM, Norris SJ, Edmondson DG, Jutras BL. A large screen identifies beta-lactam antibiotics which can be repurposed to target the syphilis agent. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:4. [PMID: 38686211 PMCID: PMC11057208 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (hereafter called T. pallidum), is re-emerging as a worldwide sexually transmitted infection. A single intramuscular dose of benzathine penicillin G is the preferred syphilis treatment option. Both supply shortage concerns and the potential for acquired antibiotic resistance further the need to broaden the repertoire of syphilis therapeutics. We reasoned that other β-lactams may be equally or more effective at targeting the disease-causing agent, Treponema pallidum, but have yet to be discovered due to a previous lack of a continuous in vitro culture system. Recent technical advances with respect to in vitro T. pallidum propagation allowed us to conduct a high-throughput screen of almost 100 β-lactams. Using several molecular and cellular approaches that we developed or adapted, we identified and confirmed the efficacy of several β-lactams that were similar to or outperformed the current standard, benzathine penicillin G. These options are either currently used to treat bacterial infections or are synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring compounds. Our studies not only identified additional potential therapeutics in the resolution of syphilis, but provide techniques to study the complex biology of T. pallidum-a spirochete that has plagued human health for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Hayes
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Jules M. Dressler
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Steven J. Norris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Diane G. Edmondson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Brandon L. Jutras
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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10
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Ebohon O, Hart BA, Jutras BL. Vertebrate-arthropod communication dictates tick development and pathogen transmission. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:325-327. [PMID: 36958955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-species communication drives the coordination of diverse biological processes in complex systems. Rana et al. discovered that Ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of Lyme disease, produces a receptor that binds host interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in the blood meal, which orchestrates tick development, immunity, and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamudiamen Ebohon
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Brittany A Hart
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Brandon L Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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11
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Luan Y, Gou J, Zhong D, Ma L, Yin C, Shu M, Liu G, Lin Q. The Tick-Borne Pathogens: An Overview of China's Situation. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:1-20. [PMID: 36642777 PMCID: PMC9841149 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks are important medical arthropods that can transmit hundreds of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses, leading to serious public health burdens worldwide. Unexplained fever is the most common clinical manifestation of tick-borne diseases. Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases led to the hospital overload and fewer laboratory tests for tick-borne diseases. Therefore, it is essential to review the tick-borne pathogens and further understand tick-borne diseases. PURPOSE The geographic distribution and population of ticks in the Northern hemisphere have expanded while emerging tick-borne pathogens have been introduced to China continuously. This paper focused on the tick-borne pathogens that are threatening public health in the world. Their medical significant tick vectors, as well as the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control measures, are emphasized in this document. METHODS In this study, all required data were collected from articles indexed in English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Ticks presented a great threat to the economy and public health. Although both infections by tick-borne pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 have fever symptoms, the history of tick bite and its associated symptoms such as encephalitis or eschar could be helpful for the differential diagnosis. Additionally, as a carrier of vector ticks, migratory birds may play a potential role in the geographical expansion of ticks and tick-borne pathogens during seasonal migration. CONCLUSION China should assess the risk score of vector ticks and clarify the potential role of migratory birds in transmitting ticks. Additionally, the individual and collective protection, vector control, comprehensive surveillance, accurate diagnosis, and symptomatic treatment should be carried out, to meet the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingmin Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfeng Shu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
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12
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Rana VS, Kitsou C, Dumler JS, Pal U. Immune evasion strategies of major tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:62-75. [PMID: 36055896 PMCID: PMC9772108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens thrive in enzootic infection cycles, colonizing disparate vertebrate and arthropod tissues, often establishing persistent infections. Therefore, the evolution of robust immune evasion strategies is central to their successful persistence or transmission between hosts. To survive in nature, these pathogens must counteract a broad range of microbicidal host responses that can be localized, tissue-specific, or systemic, including a mix of these responses at the host-vector interface. Herein, we review microbial immune evasion strategies focusing on Lyme disease spirochetes and rickettsial or tularemia agents as models for extracellular and intracellular tick-borne pathogens, respectively. A better understanding of these adaptive strategies could enrich our knowledge of the infection biology of relevant tick-borne diseases, contributing to the development of future preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Singh Rana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chrysoula Kitsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Stephen Dumler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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13
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Socarras KM, Haslund-Gourley BS, Cramer NA, Comunale MA, Marconi RT, Ehrlich GD. Large-Scale Sequencing of Borreliaceae for the Construction of Pan-Genomic-Based Diagnostics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1604. [PMID: 36140772 PMCID: PMC9498496 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of climate change has been associated with an alarming increase in the prevalence and geographic range of tick-borne diseases (TBD), many of which have severe and long-lasting effects-particularly when treatment is delayed principally due to inadequate diagnostics and lack of physician suspicion. Moreover, there is a paucity of treatment options for many TBDs that are complicated by diagnostic limitations for correctly identifying the offending pathogens. This review will focus on the biology, disease pathology, and detection methodologies used for the Borreliaceae family which includes the Lyme disease agent Borreliella burgdorferi. Previous work revealed that Borreliaceae genomes differ from most bacteria in that they are composed of large numbers of replicons, both linear and circular, with the main chromosome being the linear with telomeric-like termini. While these findings are novel, additional gene-specific analyses of each class of these multiple replicons are needed to better understand their respective roles in metabolism and pathogenesis of these enigmatic spirochetes. Historically, such studies were challenging due to a dearth of both analytic tools and a sufficient number of high-fidelity genomes among the various taxa within this family as a whole to provide for discriminative and functional genomic studies. Recent advances in long-read whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and machine-learning have provided the tools to better understand the fundamental biology and phylogeny of these genomically-complex pathogens while also providing the data for the development of improved diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Socarras
- Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Haslund-Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, Room 101 Health Sciences Research Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richard T. Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, Room 101 Health Sciences Research Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Garth D. Ehrlich
- Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, Room 101 Health Sciences Research Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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14
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Stevenson B, Krusenstjerna AC, Castro-Padovani TN, Savage CR, Jutras BL, Saylor TC. The Consistent Tick-Vertebrate Infectious Cycle of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Enables Borrelia burgdorferi To Control Protein Expression by Monitoring Its Physiological Status. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0060621. [PMID: 35380872 PMCID: PMC9112904 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00606-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, persists in nature by alternatingly cycling between ticks and vertebrates. During each stage of the infectious cycle, B. burgdorferi produces surface proteins that are necessary for interactions with the tick or vertebrate tissues it encounters while also repressing the synthesis of unnecessary proteins. Among these are the Erp surface proteins, which are produced during vertebrate infection for interactions with host plasmin, laminin, glycosaminoglycans, and components of the complement system. Erp proteins are not expressed during tick colonization but are induced when the tick begins to ingest blood from a vertebrate host, a time when the bacteria undergo rapid growth and division. Using the erp genes as a model of borrelial gene regulation, our research group has identified three novel DNA-binding proteins that interact with DNA to control erp transcription. At least two of those regulators are, in turn, affected by DnaA, the master regulator of chromosome replication. Our data indicate that B. burgdorferi has evolved to detect the change from slow to rapid replication during tick feeding as a signal to begin expression of Erp and other vertebrate-specific proteins. The majority of other known regulatory factors of B. burgdorferi also respond to metabolic cues. These observations lead to a model in which the Lyme spirochete recognizes unique environmental conditions encountered during the infectious cycle to "know" where they are and adapt accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew C. Krusenstjerna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tatiana N. Castro-Padovani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina R. Savage
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brandon L. Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy C. Saylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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