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He L, Ahmad M, Wu S, Luo S, Shi W, Guo X, Cao Y, Perrimon N. Dietary Amino Acids Promote Glucagon-like Hormone Release to Generate Novel Calcium Waves in Adipose Tissues. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4493132. [PMID: 38947048 PMCID: PMC11213180 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4493132/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing and the subsequent metabolic responses are fundamental functions of animals, closely linked to diseases such as type 2 diabetes and various obesity-related morbidities. Among different metabolic regulatory signals, cytosolic Ca2+ plays pivotal roles in metabolic regulation, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. Recently, intercellular calcium waves (ICWs), the propagation of Ca2+ signaling through tissues, have been found in different systems to coordinate multicellular responses. Nevertheless, our understanding of how ICWs are modulated and operate within living organisms remains limited. In this study, we explore the real-time dynamics, both in organ culture and free-behaving animals, of ICWs in Drosophila larval and adult adipose tissues. We identified Adipokinetic hormone (AKH), the fly functional homolog of mammalian glucagon, as the key factor driving Ca2+ activities in adipose tissue. Interestingly, we found that AKH, which is released in a pulsatile manner into the circulating hemolymph from the AKH-producing neurosecretory cells (APCs) in the brain, stimulates ICWs in the larval fat by a previously unrecognized gap-junction-independent mechanism to promote lipolysis. In the adult fat body, however, gap-junction-dependent random ICWs are triggered by a presumably uniformly diffused AKH. This highlights the stage-specific interplay of hormone secretion, extracellular diffusion, and intercellular communication in the regulation of Ca2+ dynamics. Additionally, we discovered that specific dietary amino acids activate the APCs, leading to increased intracellular Ca2+ and subsequent AKH secretion. Altogether, our findings identify that dietary amino acids regulate the release of AKH peptides from the APCs, which subsequently stimulates novel gap-junction-independent ICWs in adipose tissues, thereby enhancing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | | | - Shang Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China
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Cooper L, Malinao MG, Hong G. Force-Based Neuromodulation. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1384-1397. [PMID: 38657038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Technologies for neuromodulation have rapidly developed in the past decade with a particular emphasis on creating noninvasive tools with high spatial and temporal precision. The existence of such tools is critical in the advancement of our understanding of neural circuitry and its influence on behavior and neurological disease. Existing technologies have employed various modalities, such as light, electrical, and magnetic fields, to interface with neural activity. While each method offers unique advantages, many struggle with modulating activity with high spatiotemporal precision without the need for invasive tools. One modality of interest for neuromodulation has been the use of mechanical force. Mechanical force encapsulates a broad range of techniques, ranging from mechanical waves delivered via focused ultrasound (FUS) to torque applied to the cell membrane.Mechanical force can be delivered to the tissue in two forms. The first form is the delivery of a mechanical force through focused ultrasound. Energy delivery facilitated by FUS has been the foundation for many neuromodulation techniques, owing to its precision and penetration depth. FUS possesses the potential to penetrate deeply (∼centimeters) into tissue while maintaining relatively precise spatial resolution, although there exists a trade-off between the penetration depth and spatial resolution. FUS may work synergistically with ultrasound-responsive nanotransducers or devices to produce a secondary energy, such as light, heat, or an electric field, in the target region. This layered technology, first enabled by noninvasive FUS, overcomes the need for bulky invasive implants and also often improves the spatiotemporal precision of light, heat, electrical fields, or other techniques alone. Conversely, the second form of mechanical force modulation is the generation of mechanical force from other modalities, such as light or magnetic fields, for neuromodulation via mechanosensitive proteins. This approach localizes the mechanical force at the cellular level, enhancing the precision of the original energy delivery. Direct interaction of mechanical force with tissue presents translational potential in its ability to interface with endogenous mechanosensitive proteins without the need for transgenes.In this Account, we categorize force-mediated neuromodulation into two categories: 1) methods where mechanical force is the primary stimulus and 2) methods where mechanical force is generated as a secondary stimulus in response to other modalities. We summarize the general design principles and current progress of each respective approach. We identify the key advantages of the limitations of each technology, particularly noting features in spatiotemporal precision, the need for transgene delivery, and the potential outlook. Finally, we highlight recent technologies that leverage mechanical force for enhanced spatiotemporal precision and advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cooper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marigold Gil Malinao
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guosong Hong
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhu D, Shen W, Liu J. Photocatalytic manipulation of Ca 2+ signaling for regulating cellular and animal behaviors via MOF-enabled H 2O 2 generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0263. [PMID: 38640246 PMCID: PMC11029810 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The in situ generation of H2O2 in cells in response to external stimulation has exceptional advantages in modulating intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, including high controllability and biological safety, but has been rarely explored. Here, we develop photocatalyst-based metal-organic frameworks (DCSA-MOFs) to modulate Ca2+ responses in cells, multicellular spheroids, and organs. By virtue of the efficient photocatalytic oxygen reduction to H2O2 without sacrificial agents, photoexcited DCSA-MOFs can rapidly trigger Ca2+ outflow from the endoplasmic reticulum with single-cell precision in a repeatable and controllable manner, enabling the propagation of intercellular Ca2+ waves (ICW) over long distances in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell cultures. After photoexcitation, ICWs induced by DCSA-MOFs can activate neural activities in the optical tectum of tadpoles and thighs of spinal frogs, eliciting the corresponding motor behaviors. Our study offers a versatile optical nongenetic modulation technique that enables remote, repeatable, and controlled manipulation of cellular and animal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhou
- Westlake University, Shilongshan Rd. Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wanhua Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Ayala-Orozco C, Li G, Li B, Vardanyan V, Kolomeisky AB, Tour JM. How to Build Plasmon-Driven Molecular Jackhammers that Disassemble Cell Membranes and Cytoskeletons in Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309910. [PMID: 38183304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven molecular machines with ultrafast motion at the femtosecond scale are effective for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. It is recently shown that cyanine dyes act as molecular jackhammers (MJH) through vibronic (vibrational and electronic mode coupling) driven activation that causes the molecule to stretch longitudinally and axially through concerted whole molecule vibrations. However, the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of these plasmon-driven motions in molecules are difficult to assess. Here the use of near-infrared (NIR) light-activated plasmons in a broad array of MJH that mechanically disassemble membranes and cytoskeletons in human melanoma A375 cells is described. The characteristics of plasmon-driven molecular mechanical disassembly of supramolecular biological structures are observed and recorded using real-time fluorescence confocal microscopy. Molecular plasmon resonances in MJH are quantified through a new experimental plasmonicity index method. This is done through the measurement of the UV-vis-NIR spectra in various solvents, and quantification of the optical response as a function of the solvent polarity. Structure-activity relationships are used to optimize the synthesis of plasmon-driven MJH, applying them to eradicate human melanoma A375 cells at low lethal concentrations of 75 nm and 80 mW cm-2 of 730 nm NIR-light for 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Vardan Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, the Smalley-Curl Institute, the Nano Carbon Center, and the Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Bassetto CAZ, Pfeffermann J, Yadav R, Strassgschwandtner S, Glasnov T, Bezanilla F, Pohl P. Photolipid excitation triggers depolarizing optocapacitive currents and action potentials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1139. [PMID: 38326372 PMCID: PMC10850502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optically-induced changes in membrane capacitance may regulate neuronal activity without requiring genetic modifications. Previously, they mainly relied on sudden temperature jumps due to light absorption by membrane-associated nanomaterials or water. Yet, nanomaterial targeting or the required high infrared light intensities obstruct broad applicability. Now, we propose a very versatile approach: photolipids (azobenzene-containing diacylglycerols) mediate light-triggered cellular de- or hyperpolarization. As planar bilayer experiments show, the respective currents emerge from millisecond-timescale changes in bilayer capacitance. UV light changes photolipid conformation, which awards embedding plasma membranes with increased capacitance and evokes depolarizing currents. They open voltage-gated sodium channels in cells, generating action potentials. Blue light reduces the area per photolipid, decreasing membrane capacitance and eliciting hyperpolarization. If present, mechanosensitive channels respond to the increased mechanical membrane tension, generating large depolarizing currents that elicit action potentials. Membrane self-insertion of administered photolipids and focused illumination allows cell excitation with high spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Z Bassetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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Beckham JL, Bradford TS, Ayala-Orozco C, Santos AL, Arnold D, van Venrooy AR, García-López V, Pal R, Tour JM. Distinguishing Molecular Mechanical Action from Photothermal and Photodynamic Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306669. [PMID: 38062893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors (MM) are molecular machines, or nanomachines, that rotate unidirectionally upon photostimulation and perform mechanical work on their environment. In the last several years, it has been shown that the photomechanical action of MM can be used to permeabilize lipid bilayers, thereby killing cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms and controlling cell signaling. The work contributes to a growing acknowledgement that the molecular actuation characteristic of these systems is useful for various applications in biology. However, the mechanical effects of molecular motion on biological materials are difficult to disentangle from photodynamic and photothermal action, which are also present when a light-absorbing fluorophore is irradiated with light. Here, an overview of the key methods used by various research groups to distinguish the effects of photomechanical, photodynamic, and photothermal action is provided. It is anticipated that this discussion will be helpful to the community seeking to use MM to develop new and distinctive medical technologies that result from mechanical disruption of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Thomas S Bradford
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ciceron Ayala-Orozco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ana L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- IdISBA-Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Dallin Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alexis R van Venrooy
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Víctor García-López
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center, Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS 222, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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7
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Santos AL, Liu D, van Venrooy A, Beckham JL, Oliver A, Tegos GP, Tour JM. Nonlethal Molecular Nanomachines Potentiate Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Increasing Cell Permeability and Attenuating Efflux. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3023-3042. [PMID: 38241477 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing public health threat. Despite rising resistance, antibiotic development, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, has stagnated. As the traditional antibiotic research and development pipeline struggles to address this growing concern, alternative solutions become imperative. Synthetic molecular nanomachines (MNMs) are molecular structures that rotate unidirectionally in a controlled manner in response to a stimulus, such as light, resulting in a mechanical action that can propel molecules to drill into cell membranes, causing rapid cell death. Due to their broad destructive capabilities, clinical translation of MNMs remains challenging. Hence, here, we explore the ability of nonlethal visible-light-activated MNMs to potentiate conventional antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. Nonlethal MNMs enhanced the antibacterial activity of various classes of conventional antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, including those typically effective only against Gram-positive strains, reducing the antibiotic concentration required for bactericidal action. Our study also revealed that MNMs bind to the negatively charged phospholipids of the bacterial inner membrane, leading to permeabilization of the cell envelope and impairment of efflux pump activity following light activation of MNMs. The combined effects of MNMs on membrane permeability and efflux pumps resulted in increased antibiotic accumulation inside the cell, reversing antibiotic resistance and attenuating its development. These results identify nonlethal MNMs as pleiotropic antibiotic enhancers or adjuvants. The combination of MNMs with traditional antibiotics is a promising strategy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. This approach can reduce the amount of antibiotics needed and slow down antibiotic resistance development, thereby preserving the effectiveness of our current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alexis van Venrooy
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob L Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Antonio Oliver
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - George P Tegos
- Office of Research, Faxton St. Luke's Healthcare, Mohawk Valley Health System, 1676 Sunset Avenue, Utica, New York 13502, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- NanoCarbon Center and Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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