1
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Zhang C, Seyedsayamdost MR. Widespread Peptide Surfactants with Post-translational C-methylations Promote Bacterial Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576971. [PMID: 38328144 PMCID: PMC10849626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria produce a variety of peptides to mediate nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions, and other physiological processes. Of special interest are surface-active peptides that aid in growth and development. Herein, we report the structure and characterization of clavusporins, unusual and hydrophobic ribosomal peptides with multiple C-methylations at unactivated carbon centers, which help drastically reduce the surface tension of water and thereby aid in Streptomyces development. The peptides are synthesized by a previously uncharacterized protein superfamily, termed DUF5825, in conjunction with a vitamin B12-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine metalloenzyme. The operon encoding clavusporin is wide-spread among actinomycete bacteria, suggesting a prevalent role for clavusporins as morphogens in erecting aerial hyphae and thereby advancing sporulation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
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2
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Korenblum E, Massalha H, Aharoni A. Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere via a circular metabolic economy. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3168-3182. [PMID: 35678568 PMCID: PMC9421461 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange often serves as the first step in plant-microbe interactions and exchanges of various signals, nutrients, and metabolites continue throughout the interaction. Here, we highlight the role of metabolite exchanges and metabolic crosstalk in the microbiome-root-shoot-environment nexus. Roots secret a diverse set of metabolites; this assortment of root exudates, including secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids, coumarins, flavonoids, indolic compounds, and terpenes, shapes the rhizosphere microbiome. In turn, the rhizosphere microbiome affects plant growth and defense. These inter-kingdom chemical interactions are based on a metabolic circular economy, a seemingly wasteless system in which rhizosphere members exchange (i.e. consume, reuse, and redesign) metabolites. This review also describes the recently discovered phenomenon "Systemically Induced Root Exudation of Metabolites" in which the rhizosphere microbiome governs plant metabolism by inducing systemic responses that shift the metabolic profiles of root exudates. Metabolic exchange in the rhizosphere is based on chemical gradients that form specific microhabitats for microbial colonization and we describe recently developed high-resolution methods to study chemical interactions in the rhizosphere. Finally, we propose an action plan to advance the metabolic circular economy in the rhizosphere for sustainable solutions to the cumulative degradation of soil health in agricultural lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Korenblum
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Hassan Massalha
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Zhang Y, Gallant É, Park JD, Seyedsayamdost MR. The Small-Molecule Language of Dynamic Microbial Interactions. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:641-660. [PMID: 35679616 PMCID: PMC10171915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042722-091052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although microbes are routinely grown in monocultures in the laboratory, they are almost never encountered as single species in the wild. Our ability to detect and identify new microorganisms has advanced significantly in recent years, but our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate microbial interactions has lagged behind. What makes this task more challenging is that microbial alliances can be dynamic, consisting of multiple phases. The transitions between phases, and the interactions in general, are often mediated by a chemical language consisting of small molecules, also referred to as secondary metabolites or natural products. In this microbial lexicon, the molecules are like words and through their effects on recipient cells they convey meaning. The current review highlights three dynamic microbial interactions in which some of the words and their meanings have been characterized, especially those that mediate transitions in selected multiphasic associations. These systems provide insights into the principles that govern microbial symbioses and a playbook for interrogating similar associations in diverse ecological niches. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Étienne Gallant
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Jong-Duk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; , .,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
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4
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Park J, Li Y, Moon K, Han EJ, Lee SR, Seyedsayamdost MR. Structural Elucidation of Cryptic Algaecides in Marine Algal‐Bacterial Symbioses by NMR Spectroscopy and MicroED. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong‐Duk Park
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Kyuho Moon
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- College of Pharmacy Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Esther J. Han
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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5
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Park JD, Li Y, Moon K, Han EJ, Lee SR, Seyedsayamdost MR. Structural Elucidation of Cryptic Algaecides in Marine Algal-Bacterial Symbioses by NMR Spectroscopy and MicroED. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114022. [PMID: 34852184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolite discovery is often conducted in pure monocultures. In a natural setting, however, where metabolites are constantly exchanged, biosynthetic precursors are likely provided by symbionts or hosts. In the current work, we report eight novel and architecturally unusual secondary metabolites synthesized by the bacterial symbiont Phaeobacter inhibens from precursors that, in a native context, would be provided by their algal hosts. Three of these were produced at low titres and their structures were determined de novo using the emerging microcrystal electron diffraction method. Some of the new metabolites exhibited potent algaecidal activity suggesting that the bacterial symbiont can convert algal precursors, tryptophan and sinapic acid, into complex cytotoxins. Our results have important implications for the parasitic phase of algal-bacterial symbiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Duk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kyuho Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Esther J Han
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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6
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Mutalipassi M, Riccio G, Mazzella V, Galasso C, Somma E, Chiarore A, de Pascale D, Zupo V. Symbioses of Cyanobacteria in Marine Environments: Ecological Insights and Biotechnological Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:227. [PMID: 33923826 PMCID: PMC8074062 DOI: 10.3390/md19040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diversified phylum of nitrogen-fixing, photo-oxygenic bacteria able to colonize a wide array of environments. In addition to their fundamental role as diazotrophs, they produce a plethora of bioactive molecules, often as secondary metabolites, exhibiting various biological and ecological functions to be further investigated. Among all the identified species, cyanobacteria are capable to embrace symbiotic relationships in marine environments with organisms such as protozoans, macroalgae, seagrasses, and sponges, up to ascidians and other invertebrates. These symbioses have been demonstrated to dramatically change the cyanobacteria physiology, inducing the production of usually unexpressed bioactive molecules. Indeed, metabolic changes in cyanobacteria engaged in a symbiotic relationship are triggered by an exchange of infochemicals and activate silenced pathways. Drug discovery studies demonstrated that those molecules have interesting biotechnological perspectives. In this review, we explore the cyanobacterial symbioses in marine environments, considering them not only as diazotrophs but taking into consideration exchanges of infochemicals as well and emphasizing both the chemical ecology of relationship and the candidate biotechnological value for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (C.G.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Gennaro Riccio
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (C.G.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Christian Galasso
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (C.G.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Emanuele Somma
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (C.G.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Naples, Italy;
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7
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Abstract
Bacteria are inherently social organisms whose actions should ideally be studied within an interactive ecological context. We show that the exchange and modification of natural products enables two unrelated bacteria to defend themselves against a common predator. Amoebal predation is a major cause of death in soil bacteria and thus it exerts a strong selective pressure to evolve defensive strategies. A systematic analysis of binary combinations of coisolated bacteria revealed strains that were individually susceptible to predation but together killed their predator. This cooperative defense relies on a Pseudomonas species producing syringafactin, a lipopeptide, which induces the production of peptidases in a Paenibacillus strain. These peptidases then degrade the innocuous syringafactin into compounds, which kill the predator. A combination of bioprospecting, coculture experiments, genome modification, and transcriptomics unravel this novel natural product-based defense strategy.
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8
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Ravat P. Carbo[n]helicenes Restricted to Enantiomerize: An Insight into the Design Process of Configurationally Stable Functional Chiral PAHs. Chemistry 2020; 27:3957-3967. [PMID: 33034405 PMCID: PMC7986117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The most important stereodynamic feature of carbo[n]helicenes is the interconversion of their enantiomers. The Gibbs activation energy (ΔG≠(T)) of this process, which determines the rate of enantiomerization, dictates the configurational stability of [n]helicenes. High values of ΔG≠(T) are required for applications of functional chiral molecules incorporating [n]helicenes or helicene substructures. This minireview provides an overview of the mechanism, recent developments, and factors affecting the enantiomerization of [n]helicenes, which will accelerate the design process of configurationally stable functional chiral molecules based on helicene substructures. Additionally, this minireview addresses the misconception and irregularities in the recent literature on how the terms “racemization” and “enantiomerization” are used as well as how the activation parameters are calculated for [n]helicenes and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Liang L, Wang G, Haltli B, Marchbank DH, Stryhn H, Correa H, Kerr RG. Metabolomic Comparison and Assessment of Co-cultivation and a Heat-Killed Inducer Strategy in Activation of Cryptic Biosynthetic Pathways. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2696-2705. [PMID: 32869646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Co-cultivation has been used as a promising tool to turn on or up-regulate cryptic biosynthetic pathways for microbial natural product discovery. Recently, a modified culturing strategy similar to co-cultivation was investigated, where heat-killed inducer cultures were supplemented to the culture medium of producer fermentations to induce cryptic pathways. In the present study, the repeatability and effectiveness of both methods in turning on cryptic biosynthetic pathways were unbiasedly assessed using UHPLC-HRESIMS-based metabolomics analysis. Both induction methods had good repeatability, and they resulted in very different induced metabolites from the tested producers. Co-cultivation generated more induced mass features than the heat-killed inducer cultures, while both methods resulted in the induction of mass features not observed using the other induction method. As examples, pathways leading to two new natural products, N-carbamoyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide (1) and carbazoquinocin G (5), were induced and up-regulated through co-culturing a producer Streptomyces sp. RKND-216 with inducers Alteromonas sp. RKMC-009 and M. smegmatis ATCC 120515, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bradley Haltli
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Hebelin Correa
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
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10
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Ajayakumar MR, Fu Y, Liu F, Komber H, Tkachova V, Xu C, Zhou S, Popov AA, Liu J, Feng X. Tailoring Magnetic Features in Zigzag-Edged Nanographenes by Controlled Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7497-7503. [PMID: 32298000 PMCID: PMC9328941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) with tunable electronic and magnetic properties have attracted enormous attention in the realm of carbon-based nanoelectronics. In particular, NGs with biradical character at the ground state are promising building units for molecular spintronics. However, most of the biradicaloids are susceptible to oxidation under ambient conditions and photolytic degradation, which hamper their further applications. Herein, we demonstrated the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of zigzag-edged NGs in order to enhance their stability via the controlled Diels-Alder reactions of peri-tetracene (4-PA). The unstable 4-PA (y0 =0.72; half-life, t1/2 =3 h) was transformed into the unprecedented benzo-peri-tetracenes (BPTs) by a one-side Diels-Alder reaction, which featured a biradical character at the ground state (y0 =0.60) and exhibited remarkable stability under ambient conditions for several months. In addition, the fully zigzag-edged circumanthracenes (CAs) were achieved by two-fold or stepwise Diels-Alder reactions of 4-PA, in which the magnetic properties could be controlled by employing the corresponding dienophiles. Our work reported herein opens avenues for the synthesis of novel zigzag-edged NGs with tailor-made magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Valeriya Tkachova
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Chi Xu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam Road999077Hong KongP. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
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11
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Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:301-311. [PMID: 30684124 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolism is comprised of primary metabolites, the intracellular molecules of life that enable growth and proliferation, and secondary metabolites, predominantly extracellular molecules that facilitate a microbe's interaction with its environment. While our knowledge of primary metabolism and its web of interconnected intermediates is quantitative and holistic, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the secondary metabolomes of bacteria. In this Perspective, I discuss the main challenges involved in obtaining a global, comprehensive picture of bacterial secondary metabolomes, specifically in biosynthetically "gifted" microbes. Recent methodological advances that can meet these challenges will be reviewed. Applications of these methods combined with ongoing innovations will enable a detailed picture of global secondary metabolomes, which will in turn shed light onto the biology, chemistry, and enzymology underlying natural products and simultaneously aid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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12
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Mao D, Okada BK, Wu Y, Xu F, Seyedsayamdost MR. Recent advances in activating silent biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 45:156-163. [PMID: 29883774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Bethany K Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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13
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14
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Bode E, He Y, Vo TD, Schultz R, Kaiser M, Bode HB. Biosynthesis and function of simple amides in Xenorhabdus doucetiae. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4564-4575. [PMID: 28892274 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Xenorhabdus doucetiae, the bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema diaprepesi produces several different fatty acid amides. Their biosynthesis has been studied using a combination of analysis of gene deletions and promoter exchanges in X. doucetiae and heterologous expression of candidate genes in E. coli. While a decarboxylase is required for the formation of all observed phenylethylamides and tryptamides, the acyltransferase XrdE encoded in the xenorhabdin biosynthesis gene cluster is responsible for the formation of short chain acyl amides. Additionally, new, long-chain and cytotoxic acyl amides were identified in X. doucetiae infected insects and when X. doucetiae was grown in Galleria Instant Broth (GIB). When the bioactivity of selected amides was tested, a quorum sensing modulating activity was observed for the short chain acyl amides against the two different quorum sensing systems from Chromobacterium and Janthinobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Bode
- Merk Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yue He
- Merk Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tien Duy Vo
- Merk Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Schultz
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helge B Bode
- Merk Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Xu F, Nazari B, Moon K, Bushin LB, Seyedsayamdost MR. Discovery of a Cryptic Antifungal Compound from Streptomyces albus J1074 Using High-Throughput Elicitor Screens. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9203-9212. [PMID: 28590725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An important unresolved issue in microbial secondary metabolite production is the abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters that are not expressed under typical laboratory growth conditions. These so-called silent or cryptic gene clusters are sources of new natural products, but how they are silenced, and how they may be rationally activated are areas of ongoing investigation. We recently devised a chemogenetic high-throughput screening approach ("HiTES") to discover small molecule elicitors of silent biosynthetic gene clusters. This method was successfully applied to a Gram-negative bacterium; it has yet to be implemented in the prolific antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. Herein we have developed a high-throughput transcriptional assay format in Streptomyces spp. by leveraging eGFP, inserted both at a neutral site and inside the biosynthetic cluster of interest, as a read-out for secondary metabolite synthesis. Using this approach, we successfully used HiTES to activate a silent gene cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074. Our results revealed the cytotoxins etoposide and ivermectin as potent inducers, allowing us to isolate and structurally characterize 14 novel small molecule products of the chosen cluster. One of these molecules is a novel antifungal, while several others inhibit a cysteine protease implicated in cancer. Studies addressing the mechanism of induction by the two elicitors led to the identification of a pathway-specific transcriptional repressor that silences the gene cluster under standard growth conditions. The successful application of HiTES will allow future interrogations of the biological regulation and chemical output of the countless silent gene clusters in Streptomyces spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Behnam Nazari
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kyuho Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Leah B Bushin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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