1
|
Guo SY, Liu YP, Huang JS, He LB, He GC, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6102. [PMID: 39030211 PMCID: PMC11271625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines. The ring-fused azaarenes serve as not only substrate, but also potential precursors for halogen-atom abstraction for pyridyl radical generation in this photocatalysis. As a complement to metal catalysis, this photo-induced radical process with mild and redox neutral conditions assembles two different heteroaryl groups into alkenes regioselectively and contribute to broad substrates scope. The obtained products containing aza-arene units permit various further diversifications, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of photo-induced alkyl/aryl halides activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Peng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Song Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bowen He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jain S, Ospina F, Hammer SC. A New Age of Biocatalysis Enabled by Generic Activation Modes. JACS AU 2024; 4:2068-2080. [PMID: 38938808 PMCID: PMC11200230 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is currently undergoing a profound transformation. The field moves from relying on nature's chemical logic to a discipline that exploits generic activation modes, allowing for novel biocatalytic reactions and, in many instances, entirely new chemistry. Generic activation modes enable a wide range of reaction types and played a pivotal role in advancing the fields of organo- and photocatalysis. This perspective aims to summarize the principal activation modes harnessed in enzymes to develop new biocatalysts. Although extensively researched in the past, the highlighted activation modes, when applied within enzyme active sites, facilitate chemical transformations that have largely eluded efficient and selective catalysis. This advance is attributed to multiple tunable interactions in the substrate binding pocket that precisely control competing reaction pathways and transition states. We will highlight cases of new synthetic methodologies achieved by engineered enzymes and will provide insights into potential future developments in this rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan C. Hammer
- Research Group for Organic Chemistry
and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Sun L, Huang S, Xu K, Zeng CC. Electrochemical quinuclidine-mediated Minisci-type acylation of N-heterocycles with aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6174-6177. [PMID: 38804811 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The electro-generation of acyl radicals from both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes remains an unmet challenge. We provide a solution to this challenge by merging electro-oxidation and a quinuclidine-mediated hydrogen atom transfer strategy. The generation of acyl radicals at decreased applied potentials compared to that of formyl oxidation exhibits excellent functional group compatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Liangbo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shengyang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Cheng-Chu Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Chen W, Wang D, Chen Y, Liu Z, Ye S, Tan G, Gao S. An Isolable One-Coordinate Lead(I) Radical with Strong g-Factor Anisotropy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402093. [PMID: 38438306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Lead-based radicals in the oxidation state of +1 are elusive species and are highly challenging to isolate in the condensed phase. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of the first isolable free plumbylyne radical 2 bearing a one-coordinate Pb(I) atom. It reacts with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to afford a two-coordinate NHC-ligated Pb(I) radical 3. 2 and 3 represent the first isolable Pb(I)-based radicals. Theoretical calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that the unpaired electron mainly resides at the Pb 6p orbital in both radicals. Owing to the unique one-coordinate nature of the Pb atom in 2, it possesses two-fold orbital pseudo-degeneracy and substantial unquenched orbital angular momentum, and exhibits hitherto strongest g-factor anisotropy (gx,y,z=1.496, 1.166, 0.683) amongst main group radicals. Preliminary investigations into the reactivity of 2 unveiled its Pb-centered radical nature, and plumbylenes were isolated as products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng G, Chen Z, Bai Y, Zhang L, Xia D, Duan S, Chen W, Zhang H, Walsh PJ, Yang X. Sulfonamides as N-Centered Radical Precursors for C-N Coupling Reactions To Generate Amidines. Org Lett 2024; 26:3855-3860. [PMID: 38687847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) are valuable intermediates for the construction of C-N bonds. Traditional methods for the generation of NCRs employ toxic radical initiators, transition metal catalysts, photocatalysts, or organometallic reagents. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the generation of NCRs toward the construction of C-N bonds under transition-metal-free conditions. Thus, super-electron-donor (SED) 2-azaallyl anions undergo single-electron transfer (SET) with sulfonamides, forming aminyl radicals (R2N•, R = alkyl) and culminating in the generation of amidines bearing various functional groups (33 examples, up to 96% yield). Broad substrate scope and gram-scale telescoped preparation demonstrate the practicality of this method. Radical clock and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments support the proposed radical coupling pathway between the generated N-centered radical and the C-centered 2-azaallyl radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lening Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panda SP, Dash R, Hota SK, Murarka S. Photodecarboxylative Radical Cascade Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides for the Synthesis of Pyrazolones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3667-3672. [PMID: 38656123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We disclose N'-arylidene-N-acryloyltosylhydrazides as novel skeletons for the synthesis of biologically relevant alkylated pyrazolones through a photoinduced radical cascade with N-(acyloxy)pthalimides as readily available alkyl surrogates. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a photoactivated electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimide (NHPI) esters and LiI/PPh3 as a commercially available donor system. The reaction exhibits a broad scope and scalability, thereby enabling synthesis of a broad spectrum of functionally orchestrated alkylated pyrazolones under mild and transition-metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037 Rajasthan, India
| | - Rupashri Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037 Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Chen SS, Li KD, Huang HM. Cyclic Amine Synthesis via Catalytic Radical-Polar Crossover Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401671. [PMID: 38418423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid assembly of valuable cyclic amine architectures in a single step from simple precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in term of efficiency and sustainability. Although a vast number of studies regarding cyclic amine synthesis has been reported, new synthetic disconnection approaches are still high in demand. Herein, we report a catalytic radical-polar crossover cycloaddition to cyclic amine synthesis triggered from primary sulfonamide under photoredox condition. This newly developed disconnection, comparable to established synthetic approaches, will allow to construct β, β-disubstituted cyclic amine and β-monosubstituted cyclic amine derivatives efficiently. This study highlights the unique utility of primary sulfonamide as a bifunctional reagent, which acts as a radical precursor and a nucleophile. The open-shell methodology demonstrates broad tolerance to various functional groups, drug derivatives and natural products in an economically and sustainable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Dian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shlapakov NS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Kostyukovich AY, König B, Ananikov VP. Reversible Radical Addition Guides Selective Photocatalytic Intermolecular Thiol-Yne-Ene Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314208. [PMID: 38240738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C-C bond formation in thiol-yne-ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol-yne-ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom-economical C-S and C-C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui Y, Xu W, Yang W, Meng F. Access to CF 2COR-Containing Quinazolinones via Visible-Light-Induced Domino Difluoroalkylation/Cyclization of N-Cyanamide Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2119-2123. [PMID: 38436251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A green and highly efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization reaction of N-cyanamide alkenes has been developed. A variety of CF2COR-containing quinazolinones have been obtained in high yields with cheap non-metallic 4CzIPN as the photocatalyst. This photocatalytic reaction provides rapid, facile, and practical access to valuable polycyclic quinazolinone, and it is amenable to the gram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cui
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie Y, Bao YP, Zhuo XY, Xuan J. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Indanone, Pyrone, and Pyridinone Derivatives with Diazo Compounds as Radical Precursors. Org Lett 2024; 26:1393-1398. [PMID: 38346022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a photocatalytic radical cascade cyclization of diazoalkanes for the divergent synthesis of important carbocycles and heterocycles. Under the optimal reaction conditions, various indanone, pyrone, and pyridinone derivatives can be obtained in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic experiments support the formation of carbon-centered radicals from diazoalkanes through the proton-coupled electron transfer process. Scale-up reaction using continuous flow technology and useful downstream application of the formed heterocycles further render the strategy attractive and valuable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ye-Peng Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie Y, Zhang R, Chen Z, Rong M, He H, Ni S, He X, Xiao W, Xuan J. Photocatalytic Boryl Radicals Triggered Sequential B─N/C─N Bond Formation to Assemble Boron-Handled Pyrazoles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306728. [PMID: 38018506 PMCID: PMC10797447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vinyldiazo compounds are one of the most important synthons in the construction of a cyclic ring. Most photochemical transformations of vinyldiazo compounds are mainly focusing on utilization of their C═C bond site, while reactions taking place at terminal nitrogen atom are largely unexplored. Herein, a photocatalytic cascade radical cyclization of LBRs with vinyldiazo reagents through sequential B─N/C─N bond formation is described. The reaction starts with the addition of LBRs (Lewis base-boryl radicals) at diazo site, followed by intramolecular radical cyclization to access a wide range of important boron-handled pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Control experiments, together with detailed mechanism studies well explain the observed reactivity. Further studies demonstrate the utility of this approach for applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Rong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Kui He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang B, Singh J, Deng Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Divergent Radical Cascade Annulations of 1,6-Enynes via Pyridine N-Oxide-Promoted Vinyl Radical Generation. Org Lett 2023; 25:9219-9224. [PMID: 38112553 PMCID: PMC10842598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The divergent organophotoredox-catalyzed radical cascade annulation reactions of 1,6-enynes were developed. A series of cyclopropane-fused hetero- and carbo-bicyclic, tricyclic, and spiro-tetracyclic compounds were facilely synthesized from a broad scope of 1,6-enynes and 2,6-lutidine N-oxide under mild and metal-free conditions with blue light-emitting diode light irradiation. The cascade annulation reaction occurs with the intermediacy of a β-oxyvinyl radical, which is produced from photocatalytically generated pyridine N-oxy radical addition to the carbon-carbon triple bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ban Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen K, Feng C, Liu Y, Yi D, Lin P, Li H, Gong Y, Wei S, Fu Q, Zhang Z. Visible light-enabled synthesis of phosphorylated indolizine and pyridoindole derivatives via HAT-mediated radical cascade cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9341-9345. [PMID: 37987693 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-enabled cascade cyclization strategy is disclosed with concomitant phosphorylation and heterocycle construction. It provides a novel and environmentally benign approach for accessing tetrahydroindolizine-containing phosphonates under metal-free conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that phosphinoyl radicals were generated from H-phosphonates via a HAT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunrong Shen
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Chuan Feng
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yilei Liu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Dong Yi
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Peng Lin
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Huifang Li
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yimou Gong
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Siping Wei
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang S, Wang W, Mou C, Zou J, Jin Z, Hao G, Chi YR. Facile access to benzofuran derivatives through radical reactions with heteroatom-centered super-electron-donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7381. [PMID: 37968279 PMCID: PMC10651860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of suitable electron donors is critical to single-electron-transfer (SET) processes. The use of heteroatom-centered anions as super-electron-donors (SEDs) for direct SET reactions has rarely been studied. Here we show that heteroatom anions can be applied as SEDs to initiate radical reactions for facile synthesis of 3-substituted benzofurans. Phosphines, thiols and anilines bearing different substitution patterns work well in this inter-molecular radical coupling reaction and the 3-functionalized benzofuran products bearing heteroatomic functionalities are given in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism is elucidated via control experiments and computational methods. The afforded products show promising applications in both organic synthesis and pesticide development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Gefei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi T, Zhang T, Yang J, Li Y, Shu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Zhang D, Hu W. Bifunctionality of dirhodium tetracarboxylates in metallaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7269. [PMID: 37949850 PMCID: PMC10638314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotocatalysis has been recognized as a pivotal catalysis enabling new reactivities. Traditional metallaphotocatalysis often requires two or more separate catalysts and exhibits flaw in cost and substrate-tolerance, thus representing an await-to-solve issue in catalysis. We herein realize metallaphotocatalysis with a bifunctional dirhodium tetracarboxylate ([Rh2]) alone. The [Rh2] shows an photocatalytic activity of promoting singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation. By harnessing its photocatalytic activity, the [Rh2] catalyzes a photochemical cascade reaction (PCR) via combination of carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry. The PCR is characterized by high atom-efficiency, excellent stereoselectivities, mild conditions, scalable synthesis, and pharmaceutically interesting products. DFT calculations-aided mechanistic study rationalizes the reaction pathway and interprets the origin of stereoselectivities of the PCR. The products show inhibitory activity against PTP1B, being promising in the treatment of type II diabetes and cancers. Overall, here we show the bifunctional [Rh2] merges Rh-carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yukai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jirong Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengchu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Halder S, Mandal S, Kundu A, Mandal B, Adhikari D. Super-Reducing Behavior of Benzo[ b]phenothiazine Anion Under Visible-Light Photoredox Condition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22403-22412. [PMID: 37788971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the anion of benzo[b]phenothiazine as a super reductant species upon excitation by visible light. In contrary to N-substituted phenothiazines or benzophenothiazines, this molecule holds extreme reducing power to promote single electron transfer-based reductive cleavage at a potential of -3.51 V vs SCE. As a proof, a plethora of aryl chloride substrates have been reductively cleaved to fabricate molecules of the class isoindolinone and oxindole. Moreover, an aryl-chloride bond has been homolytically cleaved to generate aryl radicals that have been utilized for C-C cross-coupling or C-P bond formation reactions. To prove its extreme reducing ability, some of the aryl fluoride bonds have been cleaved to generate aryl radicals. A detailed photophysical study including steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques explain the molecule's behavior upon light excitation, and that correlates with its reactivity pattern. Theoretical calculations disclose the benzophenothiazine anion to be slightly puckered at the ground state as the molecule is antiaromatic in nature. In contrast, the excited-state geometry is planar, which is also close to that of the intermediate after one electron transfer. Abating the antiaromaticity of the anionic species is partially responsible for its highly reducing behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Halder
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Sourav Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Baishanal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim S, Jo J, Lee S, Chung WJ. Stereochemical modulation of ketyl radical cyclization enabled by pyridine-boryl radicals: catalytic diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-alkyl-1-indanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11983-11986. [PMID: 37727049 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Previously available ketyl radical cyclization conditions suffer from low and uncontrollable diastereoselectivity because of the absence of reagent-substrate interactions. In this report, stereochemical modulation was accomplished by taking advantage of the pyridine-boryl radical, which leaves the synthetically modifiable boronate moiety on the carbonyl oxygen near the reacting center during the stereo-determining cyclization step. In consequence, a catalytic diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-substituted-1-indanols was achieved in the presence of a sterically congested six-membered diboronic ester and an efficient hydrogen atom donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhyuk Jo
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sportelli G, Grando G, Bevilacqua M, Filippini G, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Photocatalyst for the Direct Formylation of Anilines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301718. [PMID: 37439718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) for the photocatalytic radical formylation of anilines, which represents a more sustainable and attractive alternative to the currently used approaches, is reported herein. Our operationally simple method occurs under mild conditions, employing air as an oxidant. In particular, the chemistry is driven by the ability of g-CN to reach an electronically excited state upon visible-light absorption, which has a suitable potential energy to trigger the formation of reactive α-amino radical species from anilines. Mechanistic investigations also proved the key role of the g-CN to form reactive superoxide radicals from O2 via single electron transfer. Importantly, this photocatalytic transformation provides a variety of functionalized formamides (15 examples, up to 89 % yield).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sportelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaia Grando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Bevilacqua
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM-CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaplan JA, Blum SA. Iodination-Group-Transfer Reactions to Generate Trisubstituted Iodoalkenes with Regio- and Stereochemical Control. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13236-13247. [PMID: 37656489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The regio- and stereodefined synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes remains a significant synthetic challenge. Herein, a method is developed for producing regio- and stereodefined trisubstituted iodoalkenes by diverting intermediates from an iodination-electrophilic-cyclization mechanism. Specifically, cyclized sulfonium ion-pair intermediates are diverted to alkenes by ring-opening with nucleophilic iodide. Alternatively, scavenging of the iodide by AgOTf prevents ring-opening, enabling isolation of the sulfonium ion-pair intermediate. Isolation of the ion pair enables access to complementary reactivity, including ring-opening by alternative nucleophiles (i.e., amines), yielding trisubstituted acyclic alkenes and an example acyclic tetrasubstituted alkene. X-ray crystallographic determination of reaction intermediates and products confirms that the initial electrophilic-cyclization step sets the stereo- and regiochemistry of the product. The products serve as synthetic building blocks by readily participating in downstream functionalization reactions, including oxidation, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, and nucleophilic displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baussière F, Haugland MM. Radical Group Transfer of Vinyl and Alkynyl Silanes Driven by Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12451-12463. [PMID: 37581630 PMCID: PMC10476183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Radical group transfer is a powerful tool for the formation of C-C bonds. These processes typically involve radical addition to C-C π bonds, followed by fragmentation of the resulting cyclic intermediate. Despite the advantageous lability of organosilanes in this context, silicon-tethered radical acceptor groups have remained underexplored in radical group transfer reactions. We report a general photoredox-catalyzed protocol for the radical group transfer of vinyl and alkynyl silanes onto sp3 carbons, using activated and unactivated iodides as radical precursors. Our method displays high diastereoselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance, and enables direct formation of group transfer products by in situ ring opening. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction proceeds via an unusual dual catalytic cycle, resulting in an overall redox-neutral process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Baussière
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marius M. Haugland
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang XH, Liu FL, Fu TF, Hu X, Wang YY, Liu B, Teng MY, Huang GL. Visible light-induced radical cascade acylmethylation/cyclization of 2-(allyloxy)arylaldehydes with α-bromo ketones: access to cyclic 1,5-dicarbonyl-containing chroman-4-one skeletons. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6772-6777. [PMID: 37563967 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic protocol for effective and efficient synthesis of cyclic 1,5-diketones containing chroman-4-one skeletons in moderate to good yields via radical cascade acylmethylation/cyclization of 2-(allyloxy)arylaldehydes with α-bromo ketones has been described. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and metal- and oxidant-free conditions. An acylmethyl radical-triggered cascade cyclization was involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Feng-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Ting-Feng Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Ming-Yu Teng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| | - Guo-Li Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650050, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reddy CR, Ajaykumar U, Patil AD, Ramesh R. ipso-Cyclization of unactivated biaryl ynones leading to thio-functionalized spirocyclic enones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6379-6388. [PMID: 37492954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-promoted oxidative ipso-cyclization of unactivated biaryl ynones with S-centered radicals (SCN/SCF3) to access spiro[5,5]trienones has been established. This approach displayed excellent regioselectivity towards spirocyclization and tolerated a variety of functional groups. Dearomatization of hitherto unknown aryl/heteroaryl groups is also disclosed. DMSO is employed as a low-toxicity, inexpensive solvent as well as a source of oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Uprety Ajaykumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roy B, Kuila P, Sarkar D. Visible Light Promoted Brominative Dearomatization of Biaryl Ynones to Spirocycles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10925-10945. [PMID: 37459885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromine induced spiro cyclization of biaryl ynones facilitated the synthesis of spiro[5,5]trienones suitable for extended functionality at the C(3') position. Herein, a step-economic photo-oxidative brominative carbannulation of biaryl ynones employing ammonium bromide and riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA) has been developed. The reactivity between distal phenyl C-H activated ortho-annulation and dearomative ipso-annulation is well exemplified. The eminent features of the methodology include metal-free, external additive free, low-loading photocatalyst (0.1 mol %), and use of a simple precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Puspendu Kuila
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Spotte-Smith EWC, Blau SM, Barter D, Leon NJ, Hahn NT, Redkar NS, Zavadil KR, Liao C, Persson KA. Chemical Reaction Networks Explain Gas Evolution Mechanisms in Mg-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium electrochemical reaction mechanisms are notoriously difficult to characterize. However, such reactions are critical for a range of technological applications. For instance, in metal-ion batteries, spontaneous electrolyte degradation controls electrode passivation and battery cycle life. Here, to improve our ability to elucidate electrochemical reactivity, we for the first time combine computational chemical reaction network (CRN) analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) and differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) to study gas evolution from a model Mg-ion battery electrolyte─magnesium bistriflimide (Mg(TFSI)2) dissolved in diglyme (G2). Automated CRN analysis allows for the facile interpretation of DEMS data, revealing H2O, C2H4, and CH3OH as major products of G2 decomposition. These findings are further explained by identifying elementary mechanisms using DFT. While TFSI- is reactive at Mg electrodes, we find that it does not meaningfully contribute to gas evolution. The combined theoretical-experimental approach developed here provides a means to effectively predict electrolyte decomposition products and pathways when initially unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Barter
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Noel J Leon
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Nikita S Redkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu GX, Jie XT, Li XL, Yang LS, Qiu H, Hu WH. Carbon-Centered Radical with Leaving Group-Mediated Ring Opening of Cyclopropenes via the Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl to the Allyl Radical: A General Access to Multisubstituted 1,3-Dienes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-lin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu C, Mena J, Alabugin IV. Design principles of the use of alkynes in radical cascades. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w. [PMID: 37117812 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the simplest organic functional groups, the alkyne, offers a broad canvas for the design of cascade transformations in which up to three new bonds can be added to each of the two sterically unencumbered, energy-rich carbon atoms. However, kinetic protection provided by strong π-orbital overlap makes the design of new alkyne transformations a stereoelectronic puzzle, especially on multifunctional substrates. This Review describes the electronic properties contributing to the unique utility of alkynes in radical cascades. We describe how to control the selectivity of alkyne activation by various methods, from dynamic covalent chemistry with kinetic self-sorting to disappearing directing groups. Additionally, we demonstrate how the selection of reactive intermediates directly influences the propagation and termination of the cascade. Diverging from a common departure point, a carefully planned reaction route can allow access to a variety of products.
Collapse
|
28
|
Okanishi Y, Ishikawa T, Jinnouchi T, Hayashi S, Takanami T, Aoyama H, Yoshimitsu T. Radical-Based Route to Functionalized Tetralin: Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Hamigeran B. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1085-1092. [PMID: 36625755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A formal synthetic route to hamigeran B, an antiviral marine natural product with a unique tricyclic molecular architecture, has been developed. The key chemical transformations in the present route include a novel zinc(II)porphyrin-catalyzed photoredox radical cascade cyclization to access a functionalized tetralin, a catalyst-free benzylic radical bromination with NBS by visible-light irradiation, and a samarium(II)-induced cyclization of brominated tetralone possibly via an orthoquinodimethane-like intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okanishi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishikawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Jinnouchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Ye Y, Sang T, Zhou C, Bao X, Yuan Y, Huo C. C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H Dehydrogenative Radical Coupling of Glycine Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:7577-7582. [PMID: 36214657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a general C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H dehydrogenative coupling strategy for the preparation of various natural or unnatural amino acids from readily available glycine derivatives and hydrocarbons through a combination of SET and HAT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Youwan Ye
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Tongzhi Sang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Yuan M, Chen F, Huang Z, Qing FL, Gutierrez O, Chu L. Three-component enantioselective alkenylation of organophosphonates via nickel metallaphotoredox catalysis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Constantin T, Górski B, Tilby MJ, Chelli S, Juliá F, Llaveria J, Gillen KJ, Zipse H, Lakhdar S, Leonori D. Halogen-atom and group transfer reactivity enabled by hydrogen tunneling. Science 2022; 377:1323-1328. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq8663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The generation of carbon radicals by halogen-atom and group transfer reactions is generally achieved using tin and silicon reagents that maximize the interplay of enthalpic (thermodynamic) and polar (kinetic) effects. In this work, we demonstrate a distinct reactivity mode enabled by quantum mechanical tunneling that uses the cyclohexadiene derivative γ-terpinene as the abstractor under mild photochemical conditions. This protocol activates alkyl and aryl halides as well as several alcohol and thiol derivatives. Experimental and computational studies unveiled a noncanonical pathway whereby a cyclohexadienyl radical undergoes concerted aromatization and halogen-atom or group abstraction through the reactivity of an effective H atom. This activation mechanism is seemingly thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable but is rendered feasible through quantum tunneling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartosz Górski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael J. Tilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Saloua Chelli
- CNRS/Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Josep Llaveria
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Kevin J. Gillen
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, LMU München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS/Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Chen J, Huang H. Radical Brook Rearrangements: Concept and Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205671. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Jie Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Huan‐Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zott MD, Canestraight VM, Peters JC. Mechanism of a Luminescent Dicopper System That Facilitates Electrophotochemical Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides via a Strongly Reducing Excited State. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10781-10786. [PMID: 37388409 PMCID: PMC10306173 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical radical generation has become a modern staple in chemical synthesis and methodology. Herein, we detail the photochemistry of a highly reducing, highly luminescent dicopper system [Cu2] (Eox* ≈ -2.7 V vs SCE; τ0 ≈ 10 μs) within the context of a model reaction: single-electron reduction of benzyl chlorides. The dicopper system is mechanistically well defined. As we show, it is the [Cu2]* excited state that serves as the outer-sphere photoreductant of benzyl chloride substrates; the ground-state oxidized byproduct, [Cu2]+, is electrochemically recycled, demonstrating a catalytic electrophotochemical C-C coupling process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Zott
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Virginia M Canestraight
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xia X, Wang Z. Cr-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxy Sulfides and Selenides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vasilev VH, Spessert L, Yu K, Maimone TJ. Total Synthesis of Resiniferatoxin. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16332-16337. [PMID: 36043948 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
From both structural and functional perspectives, the large family of daphnane diterpene orthoesters (DDOs) represent a truly remarkable class of natural products. As potent lead compounds for the treatment of pain, neurodegeneration, HIV/AIDS, and cancer, their medicinal potential continues to be heavily investigated, yet synthetic routes to DDO natural products remain rare. Herein we report a distinct approach to this class of complex diterpenes, highlighted by a 15-step total synthesis of the flagship DDO, resiniferatoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasil H Vasilev
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lukas Spessert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Cao Z, Wang Z, Xu L, Wei Y. Copper-Catalyzed Reactions of Alkenyl Boronic Esters via Chan-Evans-Lam Coupling/Annulation Cascades: Substrate Selective Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolin-4-ones and Polysubstituted Quinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:6554-6559. [PMID: 36036773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed cascade cyclization reactions between alkenyl boronic esters and N-H-based nucleophiles have been established, providing new approaches for one-pot assembly of azacycles. Following the Chan-Evans-Lam C-N couplings, the cyclization processes occur via divergent pathways based on the utilized substrates, affording hydroamination product dihydroquinazolin-4-ones or aromatization product quinolines. Via this one-pot C-N coupling/annulation cascade, the target substituted azacycles can be obtained in moderate to good yields in each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guan Z, Zhu S, Ye Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Synthesis of Cyclopentene Derivatives via Electrochemically Induced Intermolecular Selective (3+2) Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207059. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yayu Ye
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morrill C, Péter Á, Amalina I, Pye E, Crisenza GEM, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Diastereoselective Radical 1,4-Ester Migration: Radical Cyclizations of Acyclic Esters with SmI 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13946-13952. [PMID: 35858251 PMCID: PMC9377304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reductive cyclizations of carbonyl compounds, mediated
by samarium(II)
diiodide (SmI2, Kagan’s reagent), represent an invaluable
platform to generate molecular complexity in a stereocontrolled manner.
In addition to classical ketone and aldehyde substrates, recent advances
in radical chemistry allow the cyclization of lactone and lactam-type
substrates using SmI2. In contrast, acyclic esters are
considered to be unreactive to SmI2 and their participation
in reductive cyclizations is unprecedented. Here, we report a diastereoselective
radical 1,4-ester migration process, mediated by SmI2,
that delivers stereodefined alkene hydrocarboxylation products via
radical cyclization of acyclic ester groups in α-carbomethoxy
δ-lactones. Isotopic labeling experiments and computational
studies have been used to probe the mechanism of the migration. We
propose that a switch in conformation redirects single electron transfer
from SmI2 to the acyclic ester group, rather than the “more
reactive” lactone carbonyl. Our study paves the way for the
use of elusive ketyl radicals, derived from acyclic esters, in SmI2-mediated reductive cyclizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ilma Amalina
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Giacomo E M Crisenza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guan Z, Zhu S, Ye Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Synthesis of Cyclopentene Derivatives via Electrochemical‐Induced Intermolecular Selective (3+2) Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Yayu Ye
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Wuhan University Chemistry the college of chemistry and molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu C, Shangguan X, Li Y, Zhang Q. Copper-catalyzed radical cascade reaction of simple cyclobutanes: synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutene derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7886-7891. [PMID: 35865909 PMCID: PMC9258397 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutenes as versatile and highly valuable synthons have been widely applied in synthesis. Although various methods for their synthesis have been well established, new strategies for the construction of the cyclobutene skeleton from simple substrates are still highly desirable. Starting from simple cyclobutanes, the construction of the cyclobutene skeleton especially introducing multiple functional groups simultaneously had never been achieved. Here, we developed a novel radical cascade strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutenes directly from cyclobutanes involving rare cleavage of four or five C–H bonds and formation of two C–N/C–S or three C–Br bonds. With copper as catalyst and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as oxidant, a wide range of diaminated, disulfonylated and tribrominated cyclobutene derivatives were efficiently synthesized. A novel radical cascade strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutenes directly from cyclobutanes involving rare four or five C–H bonds cleavage and two C–N/C–S or three C–Br bonds formation has been successfully developed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Xiaoyan Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang Y, Chen JJ, Huang HM. Radical Brook Rearrangement: Concept and Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology 393 Middle Huaxia RoadPudong 201210 Shanghai CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Roy S, Paul H, Chatterjee I. Light‐Mediated Aminocatalysis: The Dual‐Catalytic Ability Enabling New Enantioselective Route. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Hrishikesh Paul
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Chemistry Nangal Road 140001 Rupnagar INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li S, Xie Z. Visible-Light-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Iodocarboranes with (Hetero)Arenes via Boron-Centered Carboranyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7960-7965. [PMID: 35451827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the generation of hypervalent boron-centered carboranyl radicals at the B(3), B(4), and B(9) positions has been developed for the first time via visible-light-promoted iodine atom abstraction from iodo-o-carboranes by low-valent nickel complex. These radicals react with various (hetero)arenes to afford a wide range of cage B-arylated carborane derivatives at room temperature in very good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope. Their electrophilicities are dependent on the vertex charges of the cage and follow the order B(3) > B(4) > B(9). Both visible light and nickel catalyst are proved critical to the generation of boron-centered carboranyl radicals. The involvement of boron radicals is supported by control experiments. A reaction mechanism associated with these reactions is also proposed. This strategy offers a new protocol for the generation of boron-centered carboranyl radicals at the selected boron vertex, leading to a facile synthesis of a large class of cage boron substituted carborane molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lv Y, Feng Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Zheng H. Synthesis of the [6.6.7.5] Tetracyclic Core of Calyciphylline N via a Boc-Mediated Oxidative Dearomatization/Diels-Alder Approach. Org Lett 2022; 24:2694-2698. [PMID: 35362979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sequential process involving Boc-mediated oxidative dearomatization and inter/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction was investigated. Based on an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction and subsequently a radical 7-endo-trig type cyclization, the [6.6.7.5] tetracyclic core of Calyciphylline N was assembled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yueshen Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiatong Dai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaxuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li JT, Luo JN, Wang JL, Wang DK, Yu YZ, Zhuo CX. Stereoselective intermolecular radical cascade reactions of tryptophans or ɤ-alkenyl-α-amino acids with acrylamides via photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1778. [PMID: 35365669 PMCID: PMC8976070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The radical cascade reaction is considered as one of the most powerful methods to build molecular complexity. However, highly stereoselective intermolecular radical cascade reactions that can produce complex cyclic compounds bearing multiple stereocenters via visible-light-induced photocatalysis have been challenging yet desirable. Herein we report a facile and efficient synthesis of multi-substituted trans-fused hexahydrocarbazoles via a stereoselective intermolecular radical cascade reaction of readily available tryptophans and acrylamides enabled by visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis. The trans-fused hexahydrocarbazoles with up to five stereocenters including two quaternary ones can be accessed in up to 82% yield, >20/1 diastereoselectivity, and 96% ee. Interestingly, the tetrahydrocarbazoles are favorably formed when the reaction is performed under air. Moreover, by simply switching the starting material from tryptophans to ɤ-alkenyl substituted α-amino acids, this protocol can be further applied to the stereoselective syntheses of 1,3,5-trisubstituted cyclohexanes which are otherwise challenging to access. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction goes through radical addition cascade and radical-polar crossover processes. Photocatalytic radical cascade reactions enable the facile construction of diverse cyclic compounds, though they rely on templated precursors. In this paper, the authors report on stereoselective intermolecular radical cascade reaction between tryptophan or ɤ-alkenyl substituted amino acids and acrylamides to synthesise multi-substituted trans-fused hexahydrocarbazoles or 1,3,5-trisubstituted cyclohexanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ku Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhe Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bay AV, Farnam EJ, Scheidt KA. Synthesis of Cyclohexanones by a Tandem Photocatalyzed Annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7030-7037. [PMID: 35316053 PMCID: PMC9050940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of cyclic scaffolds is of high importance to the chemistry community. Strategies for the convergent synthesis of substituted carbocycles and heterocycles remain underexplored despite the plethora of applications that these cyclic motifs have in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Reported herein is a tandem carbene and photoredox-catalyzed process for the convergent synthesis of substituted cycloalkanones via a formal [5 + 1] cycloaddition. Featuring two distinct photoredox cycles and a novel α-oxidation of benzylic ketones, this reaction offers a mild approach to construct two contiguous C-C bonds and eliminates the need for strong bases or expensive metal catalysts. The utility of this method is highlighted through various product diversification reactions that allow access to a range of important cyclic scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Bay
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emelia J Farnam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cao YX, Zhu G, Li Y, Le Breton N, Gourlaouen C, Choua S, Boixel J, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Soulé JF. Photoinduced Arylation of Acridinium Salts: Tunable Photoredox Catalysts for C-O Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5902-5909. [PMID: 35316065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced arylation of N-substituted acridinium salts has been developed and has exhibited a high functional group tolerance (e.g., halogen, nitrile, ketone, ester, and nitro). A broad range of well-decorated C9-arylated acridinium-based catalysts with fine-tuned photophysical and photochemical properties, namely, excited-state lifetimes and redox potentials have been synthetized in a one-step procedure. These functionalized acridinium salts were later evaluated in the photoredox-catalyzed fragmentation of 1,2-diol derivatives (lignin models). Among them, 2-bromophenyl substituted N-methyl acridinium has outperformed all photoredox catalysts, including commercial Fukuzumi's catalyst, for the selective CβO-Ar bond cleavage of diol monoarylethers to afford 1,2-diols in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Cao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - Gan Zhu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, F-3500 Rennes, France.,Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Nolwenn Le Breton
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rao CN, Reissig HU. Samarium(II)‐Promoted Cyclizations of Non‐activated Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines to Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|