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Cheong KL, Liu K, Chen W, Zhong S, Tan K. Recent progress in Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural insights, and their impact on gastrointestinal health and oxidative stress management. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101414. [PMID: 38711774 PMCID: PMC11070828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyra haitanensis, a red seaweed species, represents a bountiful and sustainable marine resource. P. haitanensis polysaccharide (PHP), has garnered considerable attention for its numerous health benefits. However, the comprehensive utilization of PHP on an industrial scale has been limited by the lack of comprehensive information. In this review, we endeavor to discuss and summarize recent advancements in PHP extraction, purification, and characterization. We emphasize the multifaceted mechanisms through which PHP promotes gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, we present a summary of compelling evidence supporting PHP's protective role against oxidative stress. This includes its demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, its ability to neutralize free radicals, and its capacity to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The information presented here also lays the theoretical groundwork for future research into the structural and functional aspects of PHP, as well as its potential applications in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Keying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
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Santhosh S, Zanoletti L, Stamp LA, Hao MM, Matteoli G. From diversity to disease: unravelling the role of enteric glial cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408744. [PMID: 38957473 PMCID: PMC11217337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are an essential component of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and play key roles in gastrointestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. Derived from neural crest cells, EGCs undergo complex differentiation processes regulated by various signalling pathways. Being among the most dynamic cells of the digestive system, EGCs react to cues in their surrounding microenvironment and communicate with various cell types and systems within the gut. Morphological studies and recent single cell RNA sequencing studies have unveiled heterogeneity among EGC populations with implications for regional functions and roles in diseases. In gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infections and cancer, EGCs modulate neuroplasticity, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that EGCs respond plastically to the microenvironmental cues, adapting their phenotype and functions in disease states and taking on a crucial role. They exhibit molecular abnormalities and alter communication with other intestinal cell types, underscoring their therapeutic potential as targets. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of EGCs, particularly emphasizing their interactions with various cell types in the gut and their significant contributions to gastrointestinal disorders. Understanding the complex roles of EGCs in gastrointestinal physiology and pathology will be crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Santhosh
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lincon A. Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marlene M. Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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An N, Zhang Y, Sha Z, Xu Z, Liu X. T2DM may exert a protective effect against digestive system tumors in East Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1327154. [PMID: 38947888 PMCID: PMC11211363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1327154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was associated with digestive system tumors. We analyzed publicly available data from GWAS studies using Mendelian randomization methods to clarify its causal relationship and mechanisms. Five common digestive system tumors and four diabetes-related phenotypes were included. Methods Inverse variance weighted method was the main analytical method. Meta-analysis was used to summarize results of multiple data sources. Horizontal pleiotropy was tested using Egger-intercept method and validated by MRPRESSO method. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were conducted by Cochran's Q test and leave-one-out method, respectively. Results T2DM is associated with a reduced risk of esophageal (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.83, P< 0.001), gastric (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90, P< 0.001) and colorectal cancer (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.91, P< 0.001) and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.97, P = 0.005) and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.50, P< 0.001) in East Asian population. T2DM causes decreased fasting insulin levels (OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98, P< 0.001) and increased glycated hemoglobin levels (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.44, P<0.001). Elevated fasting insulin levels increase the risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 10.35, 95% CI: 1.10 to 97.25, P = 0.041), while increased glycated hemoglobin levels increase pancreatic cancer risk (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.97, P=0.002) but decrease gastric cancer risk (OR=0.801, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.99, P=0.044). Conclusion T2DM is associated with a reduced risk of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in East Asian populations. The causal relationships between T2DM with esophageal and gastric cancer are partially mediated by decreased fasting insulin and increased glycated hemoglobin levels, respectively. T2DM indirectly increases the risk of pancreatic cancer by increasing glycated hemoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- No.91126 Military Hospital of Chinese PLA, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilin Sha
- Department I of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mandal SK, Yadav P, Sheth RA. The Neuroimmune Axis and Its Therapeutic Potential for Primary Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6237. [PMID: 38892423 PMCID: PMC11172507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an integral role in motion and sensation as well as the physiologic function of visceral organs. The nervous system additionally plays a key role in primary liver diseases. Until recently, however, the impact of nerves on cancer development, progression, and metastasis has been unappreciated. This review highlights recent advances in understanding neuroanatomical networks within solid organs and their mechanistic influence on organ function, specifically in the liver and liver cancer. We discuss the interaction between the autonomic nervous system, including sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and the liver. We also examine how sympathetic innervation affects metabolic functions and diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We also delve into the neurobiology of the liver, the interplay between cancer and nerves, and the neural regulation of the immune response. We emphasize the influence of the neuroimmune axis in cancer progression and the potential of targeted interventions like neurolysis to improve cancer treatment outcomes, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1471, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA; (S.K.M.); (P.Y.)
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Shu LZ, Ding YD, Zhang JY, He RS, Xiao L, Pan BX, Deng H. Interactions between MDSCs and the Autonomic Nervous System: Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Neuroscience. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:652-662. [PMID: 38568775 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a population of heterogeneous immune cells that are involved in precancerous conditions and neoplasms. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is composed of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, is an important component of the tumor microenvironment that responds to changes in the internal and external environment mainly through adrenergic and cholinergic signaling. An abnormal increase of autonomic nerve density has been associated with cancer progression. As we discuss in this review, growing evidence indicates that sympathetic and parasympathetic signals directly affect the expansion, mobilization, and redistribution of MDSCs. Dysregulated autonomic signaling recruits MDSCs to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment in chronically inflamed tissues, resulting in abnormal proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells. The two components of the ANS may also be responsible for the seemingly contradictory behaviors of MDSCs. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms has the potential to provide more insights into the complex roles of MDSCs in tumor development and lay the foundation for the development of novel MDSC-targeted anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhen Shu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Dan Ding
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin-Yao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui-Shan He
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Xiao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Deng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Han B, Guan X, Ma M, Liang B, Ren L, Liu Y, Du Y, Jiang SH, Song D. Stiffened tumor microenvironment enhances perineural invasion in breast cancer via integrin signaling. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:867-882. [PMID: 38015381 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have shown that tumors are regulated by nerves, and there is abundant nerve infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Many solid tumors including breast cancer (BRCA) have different degrees of perineural invasion (PNI), which is closely related to the tumor occurrence and progression. However, the regulatory mechanism of PNI in BRCA remains largely unexplored. METHODS PNI-related molecular events are analyzed by the RNAseq data of BRCA samples deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the tumor microenvironment are analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of α-SMA, Sirius red staining, and Masson trichrome staining. Soft and stiff matrix gels, living cell imaging, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) coculture assay are used to monitor cancer cell invasiveness towards nerves. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay combined with neutralizing antibody and small molecular inhibitors are employed to decode molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Comparative analysis that the ECM was significantly associated with PNI status in the TCGA cohort. BRCA samples with higher α-SMA activity, fibrillar collagen, and collagen content had higher frequency of PNI. Compared with soft matrix, BRCA cells cultured in stiff matrix not only displayed higher cell invasiveness to DRG neurons but also had significant neurotrophic effects. Mechanistically, integrin β1 was identified as a functional receptor to the influence of stiff matrix on BRCA cells. Moreover, stiffened matrix-induced activation of integrin β1 transduces FAK-YAP signal cascade, which enhances cancer invasiveness and the neurotrophic effects. In clinical setting, PNI-positive BRCA samples had higher expression of ITGB1, phosphorylated FAK, YAP, and NGF compared with PNI-negative BRCA samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that stiff matrix induces expression of pro-metastatic and neurotrophic genes through integrin β1-FAK-YAP signals, which finally facilitates PNI in BRCA. Thus, our study provides a new mechanism for PNI in BRCA and highlights nerve-based tumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoling Liang
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglie Ren
- Fenghuangyudu subdistrict Longquan community, Fenggang county, Zunyi, Guizhou, 564200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Du
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Song
- Departments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, He C, Ying J, Hua B, Yang Y, Chen W, Liu W, Ye D, Sun X, Mao Y, Chen K. Air pollutants, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of incident gastrointestinal diseases: A large prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118182. [PMID: 38218525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the associations between air pollution and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases has been lacking. We aimed to examine the relationships of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), 2.5-10 μm (PMcoarse), ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), with the risk of incident GI diseases, and to explore the interplay between air pollution and genetic susceptibility. A total of 465,703 participants free of GI diseases in the UK Biobank were included at baseline. Land use regression models were employed to calculate the residential air pollutants concentrations. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of air pollutants with the risk of GI diseases. The dose-response relationships of air pollutants with the risk of GI diseases were evaluated by restricted cubic spline curves. We found that long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants was positively associated with the risk of peptic ulcer (PM2.5 : Q4 vs. Q1: hazard ratio (HR) 1.272, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.179-1.372, NO2: 1.220, 1.131-1.316, and NOx: 1.277, 1.184-1.376) and chronic gastritis (PM2.5: 1.454, 1.309-1.616, PM10 : 1.232, 1.112-1.366, NO2: 1.456, 1.311-1.617, and NOx: 1.419, 1.280-1.574) after Bonferroni correction. Participants with high genetic risk and high air pollution exposure had the highest risk of peptic ulcer, compared to those with low genetic risk and low air pollution exposure (PM2.5: HR 1.558, 95%CI 1.384-1.754, NO2: 1.762, 1.395-2.227, and NOx: 1.575, 1.403-1.769). However, no significant additive or multiplicative interaction between air pollution and genetic risk was found. In conclusion, long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants was associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Ying
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baojie Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yudan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Schonkeren SL, Thijssen MS, Idris M, Wouters K, de Vaan J, Teubner A, Gijbels MJ, Boesmans W, Melotte V. Differences in enteric neuronal density in the NSE-Noggin mouse model across institutes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3686. [PMID: 38355947 PMCID: PMC10866904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a large and complex part of the peripheral nervous system, and it is vital for gut homeostasis. To study the ENS, different hyper- and hypo-innervated model systems have been developed. The NSE-Noggin mouse model was described as one of the few models with a higher enteric neuronal density in the colon. However, in our hands NSE-Noggin mice did not present with a hyperganglionic phenotype. NSE-Noggin mice were phenotyped based on fur appearance, genotyped and DNA sequenced to demonstrate transgene and intact NSE-Noggin-IRES-EGFP construct presence, and RNA expression of Noggin was shown to be upregulated. Positive EGFP staining in the plexus of NSE-Noggin mice also confirmed Noggin protein expression. Myenteric plexus preparations of the colon were examined to quantify both the overall density of enteric neurons and the proportions of enteric neurons expressing specific subtype markers. The total number of enteric neurons in the colonic myenteric plexus of transgenic mice did not differ significantly from wild types, nor did the proportion of calbindin, calretinin, or serotonin immunoreactive myenteric neurons. Possible reasons as to why the hyperinnervated phenotype could not be observed in contrast with original studies using this mouse model are discussed, including study design, influence of microbiota, and other environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Schonkeren
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Meike S Thijssen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Musa Idris
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Wouters
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle de Vaan
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Teubner
- Central Animal Facility, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences: Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndrome, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity: Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xiong H, Yang Y, Guo W, Yuan J, Yang W, Gao M. Study on quality difference between Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC and Iris tectorum Maxim. based on chemical chromatogram analysis, biological activity evaluation and in vivo distribution rule. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117091. [PMID: 37634753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (BC) and Iris tectorum Maxim. (ITM) have been widely used in recent years due to their remarkable curative effects on sore throat, cough and asthma. but they are often misused due to their similar appearance. A comprehensive comparison of the chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution between the two active differential components has not been performed. Differences in their specific effects have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims at differentiating between BC and ITM in terms of appearance, chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the HPLC-FP method was used to find the differences between the chemical components of BC and ITM. The pharmacological experiments were used to compare the differences in activity, including in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW 264.7 cells, inhibition of AChE activity, and the regulation of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle in mice. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles were used to analyze the differences between the two in rats. RESULTS The types of isoflavones in BC and ITM are basically the same, but their contents in ITM is much higher than that in BC. At the same doses, the release of TNF-α, NO, IL-1β and IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells in the ITM group was lower than that of the BC group, and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ITM was stronger than that of BC. Meanwhile, ITM had stronger inhibition ability to inhibit AChE activity than BC. The BC extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on the isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of mice, and the ITM extract showed stimulatory effect at low concentration and inhibitory effect at high concentration. There were significant differences in drug-time profiles, kinetic parameters and tissue distribution. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the multidimensional aspects of appearance, chemical composition, biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution between BC and ITM. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality control, pharmacological efficacy and clinical application of the two herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Lehrer S, Rheinstein PH. Chromosome 1p deletion in colorectal cancer and lower grade glioma: possible relationship with the enteric nervous system. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.07.23298214. [PMID: 38196589 PMCID: PMC10775321 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.23298214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Enteric neurons and enteric glial cells are a part of the enteric nervous system, which is sometimes referred to as the "second brain" of the body. This complex network of neurons controls various functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including motility, secretion, and blood flow. Research has shown that there is a connection between enteric neurons and the development of colorectal cancer, although the exact mechanisms are still being studied. Methods Because of the potential influence of chromosome mutations that may be common to both gliomas and colorectal cancer, we used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine these mutations. Results 166 of 506 lower grade gliomas had the 1p 19q co-deletion. 150 of 616 colorectal cancers had a 1p deletion but no 19q deletion. Conclusion Colorectal cancer cells adhere to and migrate along the neurons of the enteric nervous system. Therefore, cancer cells might be expected to pick up mutations from neurons and enteric glial cells during recombination events. We hypothesize that the chromosome 1p deletion in colorectal cancer above is not a chance event and instead was acquired from adjacent enteric glial cells. Chromosome 1p co-deletion may confer better survival in patients with lower grade glioma in part because of loss of the MycBP oncogene, which is important in glioma development. Enteric glia might have the chromosome 1p deletion but lack the chromosome 19q deletion of CNS gliomas, making them much less vulnerable to malignant transformation than CNS gliomas. Indeed, evidence exists for a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q associated with human astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York
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12
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Mariant CL, Bacola G, Van Landeghem L. Mini-Review: Enteric glia of the tumor microenvironment: An affair of corruption. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137416. [PMID: 37572875 PMCID: PMC10967235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment corresponds to a complex mixture of bioactive products released by local and recruited cells whose normal functions have been "corrupted" by cues originating from the tumor, mostly to favor cancer growth, dissemination and resistance to therapies. While the immune and the mesenchymal cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer have been under intense scrutiny over the last two decades, the influence of the resident neural cells of the gut on colon carcinogenesis has only very recently begun to draw attention. The vast majority of the resident neural cells of the gastrointestinal tract belong to the enteric nervous system and correspond to enteric neurons and enteric glial cells, both of which have been understudied in the context of colon cancer development and progression. In this review, we especially discuss available evidence on enteric glia impact on colon carcinogenesis. To highlight "corrupted" functioning in enteric glial cells of the tumor microenvironment and its repercussion on tumorigenesis, we first review the main regulatory effects of enteric glial cells on the intestinal epithelium in homeostatic conditions and we next present current knowledge on enteric glia influence on colon tumorigenesis. We particularly examine how enteric glial cell heterogeneity and plasticity require further appreciation to better understand the distinct regulatory interactions enteric glial cell subtypes engage with the various cell types of the tumor, and to identify novel biological targets to block enteric glia pro-carcinogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Mariant
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Gregory Bacola
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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13
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Xu Y, Wang F, Mi K, Wang X, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu X. Biglycan regulated colorectal cancer progress by modulating enteric neuron-derived IL-10 and abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. iScience 2023; 26:107515. [PMID: 37664615 PMCID: PMC10469580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN) is a proteoglycan with branch chains and highly expressed in enteric neurons in the tumor tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is negatively associated with survival rates in patients with CRC. However, how the proteoglycan promotes the progress of CRC through interacting with bacteria and regulating the immune response of enteric neurons remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that biglycan deficiency changed tumor distribution in a colitis-associated colon cancer model. Furthermore, we revealed that BGN deficiency inhibits tumor growth in an allograft tumor model and the migration of cancer cell by upregulating interleukin-10 expression in enteric neurons. Significantly, we demonstrated that biglycan deficiency enriched the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron through competing with it for chondroitin sulfate to inhibit CRC progress. Our work provided new insights into the interaction between host proteoglycan and gut microbiota as well as the role of enteric neurons in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Kai Mi
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Danlei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhu X, Li S. Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis in Gastrointestinal Cancers: The Chief Culprits of Tumor Progression and Drug Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300824. [PMID: 37436087 PMCID: PMC10502844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers is increasing, particularly in the younger population. Effective treatment is crucial for improving patients' survival outcomes. Programmed cell death, regulated by various genes, plays a fundamental role in the growth and development of organisms. It is also critical for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis and takes part in multiple pathological processes. In addition to apoptosis, there are other types of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which can induce severe inflammatory responses. Notably, besides apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis also contribute to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as their regulators in gastrointestinal cancers and hope to open up new paths for tumor targeted therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryCancer Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteShenyangLiaoning Province110042China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryCancer Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteShenyangLiaoning Province110042China
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with EngineeringShenyangLiaoning Province110042China
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15
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Idris M, Coussement L, Alves MM, De Meyer T, Melotte V. Promoter hypermethylation of neural-related genes is compatible with stemness in solid cancers. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 37537688 PMCID: PMC10398991 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA hypermethylation is an epigenetic feature that modulates gene expression, and its deregulation is observed in cancer. Previously, we identified a neural-related DNA hypermethylation fingerprint in colon cancer, where most of the top hypermethylated and downregulated genes have known functions in the nervous system. To evaluate the presence of this signature and its relevance to carcinogenesis in general, we considered 16 solid cancer types available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS All tested cancers showed significant enrichment for neural-related genes amongst hypermethylated genes. This signature was already present in two premalignant tissue types and could not be explained by potential confounders such as bivalency status or tumor purity. Further characterization of the neural-related DNA hypermethylation signature in colon cancer showed particular enrichment for genes that are overexpressed during neural differentiation. Lastly, an analysis of upstream regulators identified RE1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) as a potential mediator of this DNA methylation signature. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the presence of a neural-related DNA hypermethylation fingerprint in various cancers, of genes linked to neural differentiation, and points to REST as a possible regulator of this mechanism. We propose that this fingerprint indicates an involvement of DNA hypermethylation in the preservation of neural stemness in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Idris
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Coussement
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. The enteric nervous system. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1487-1564. [PMID: 36521049 PMCID: PMC9970663 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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17
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McMahan ZH, Kulkarni S, Chen J, Chen JZ, Xavier RJ, Pasricha PJ, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis gastrointestinal dysmotility: risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:166-181. [PMID: 36747090 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are negatively affected by dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tract, and the severity of gastrointestinal disease in SSc correlates with high mortality. The clinical complications of this dysfunction are heterogeneous and include gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, malabsorption and the requirement for total parenteral nutrition. The abnormal gastrointestinal physiology that promotes the clinical manifestations of SSc gastrointestinal disease throughout the gastrointestinal tract are diverse and present a range of therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the armamentarium of medications and non-pharmacological interventions that can benefit affected patients has substantially expanded in the past 10 years, and research is increasingly focused in this area. Here, we review the details of the gastrointestinal complications in SSc, tie physiological abnormalities to clinical manifestations, detail the roles of standard and novel therapies and lay a foundation for future investigative work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhash Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiande Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Jay Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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18
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Li YT, Yuan WZ, Jin WL. Vagus innervation in the gastrointestinal tumor: Current understanding and challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188884. [PMID: 36990250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) is the main parasympathetic nerve of the autonomic nervous system. It is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and maintains gastrointestinal homeostasis with the sympathetic nerve under physiological conditions. The VN communicates with various components of the tumor microenvironment to positively and dynamically affect the progression of gastrointestinal tumors (GITs). The intervention in vagus innervation delays GIT progression. Developments in adeno-associated virus vectors, nanotechnology, and in vivo neurobiological techniques have enabled the creation of precisely regulated "tumor neurotherapies". Furthermore, the combination of neurobiological techniques and single cell sequencing may reveal more insights into VN and GIT. The present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of communication between the VN and the gastrointestinal TME and to explore the potential and challenges of VN-based tumor neurotherapy in GITs.
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