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Dannhauser D, Rossi D, Palatucci AT, Rubino V, Carriero F, Ruggiero G, Ripaldi M, Toriello M, Maisto G, Netti PA, Terrazzano G, Causa F. Non-invasive and label-free identification of human natural killer cell subclasses by biophysical single-cell features in microfluidic flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4144-4154. [PMID: 34515262 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00651g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are indicated as favorite candidates for innovative therapeutic treatment and are divided into two subclasses: immature regulatory NK CD56bright and mature cytotoxic NK CD56dim. Therefore, the ability to discriminate CD56dim from CD56bright could be very useful because of their higher cytotoxicity. Nowadays, NK cell classification is routinely performed by cytometric analysis based on surface receptor expression. Here, we present an in-flow, label-free and non-invasive biophysical analysis of NK cells through a combination of light scattering and machine learning (ML) for NK cell subclass classification. In this respect, to identify relevant biophysical cell features, we stimulated NK cells with interleukine-15 inducing a subclass transition from CD56bright to CD56dim. We trained our ML algorithm with sorted NK cell subclasses (≥86% accuracy). Next, we applied our NK cell classification algorithm to cells stimulated over time, to investigate the transition of CD56bright to CD56dim and their biophysical feature changes. Finally, we tested our approach on several proband samples, highlighting the potential of our measurement approach. We show a label-free way for the robust identification of NK cell subclasses based on biophysical features, which can be applied in both cell biology and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dannhauser
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenico Rossi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze (DiS), Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mimmo Ripaldi
- Dipartimento Oncologia AORN Santobono Pausilipon Hospital, Via Posillipo, 226, 80123, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Toriello
- Dipartimento Oncologia AORN Santobono Pausilipon Hospital, Via Posillipo, 226, 80123, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maisto
- Dipartimento Oncologia AORN Santobono Pausilipon Hospital, Via Posillipo, 226, 80123, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze (DiS), Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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