Hämälistö S, Del Valle Batalla F, Yuseff MI, Mattila PK. Endolysosomal vesicles at the center of B cell activation.
J Cell Biol 2024;
223:e202307047. [PMID:
38305771 PMCID:
PMC10837082 DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202307047]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system specializes in degrading cellular components and is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and adapting rapidly to metabolic and environmental cues. Cells of the immune system exploit this network to process antigens or promote cell death by secreting lysosome-related vesicles. In B lymphocytes, lysosomes are harnessed to facilitate the extraction of antigens and to promote their processing into peptides for presentation to T cells, critical steps to mount protective high-affinity antibody responses. Intriguingly, lysosomal vesicles are now considered important signaling units within cells and also display secretory functions by releasing their content to the extracellular space. In this review, we focus on how B cells use pathways involved in the intracellular trafficking, secretion, and function of endolysosomes to promote adaptive immune responses. A basic understanding of such mechanisms poses an interesting frontier for the development of therapeutic strategies in the context of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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