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Palecki J, Bhasin A, Bernstein A, Mille PJ, Tester WJ, Kelly WK, Zarrabi KK. T-Cell redirecting bispecific antibodies: a review of a novel class of immuno-oncology for advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356820. [PMID: 38801069 PMCID: PMC11135853 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel T-cell immunotherapies such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are emerging as promising therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. BiTEs are engineered bispecific antibodies containing two distinct binding domains that allow for concurrent binding to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as well as immune effector cells, thus promoting an immune response against cancer cells. Prostate cancer is rich in tumor associated antigens such as, but not limited to, PSMA, PSCA, hK2, and STEAP1 and there is strong biologic rationale for employment of T-cell redirecting BiTEs within the prostate cancer disease space. Early generation BiTE constructs employed in clinical study have demonstrated meaningful antitumor activity, but challenges related to drug delivery, immunogenicity, and treatment-associated adverse effects limited their success. The ongoing development of novel BiTE constructs continues to address these barriers and to yield promising results in terms of efficacy and safety. This review will highlight some of most recent developments of BiTE therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer and the evolving data surrounding BiTE constructs undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Palecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amman Bhasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Mille
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William J. Tester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wm. Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Zarrabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Choudhery MS, Arif T, Mahmood R, Harris DT. CAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3202. [PMID: 38892913 PMCID: PMC11172642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer encompasses various elements occurring at the cellular and genetic levels, necessitating an immunotherapy capable of efficiently addressing both aspects. T cells can combat cancer cells by specifically recognizing antigens on them. This innate capability of T cells has been used to develop cellular immunotherapies, but most of them can only target antigens through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). New gene-editing techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-cas9) can precisely edit the DNA sequences. CRISPR-cas9 has made it possible to generate genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can overcome the problems associated with old immunotherapies. In chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, the patient's T cells are isolated and genetically modified to exhibit synthetic CAR(s). CAR-T cell treatment has shown remarkably positive clinical outcomes in cancers of various types. Nevertheless, there are various challenges that reduce CAR-T effectiveness in solid tumors. It is required to address these challenges in order to make CAR-T cell therapy a better and safer option. Combining CAR-T treatment with other immunotherapies that target multiple antigens has shown positive outcomes. Moreover, recently generated Boolean logic-gated advanced CARs along with artificial intelligence has expanded its potential to treat solid tumors in addition to blood cancers. This review aims to describe the structure, types, and various methods used to develop CAR-T cells. The clinical applications of CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies and solid tumours have been described in detail. In addition, this discussion has addressed the limitations associated with CAR-T cells, explored potential strategies to mitigate CAR-T-related toxicities, and delved into future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Choudhery
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Taqdees Arif
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Ruhma Mahmood
- Jinnah Hospital, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54700, Pakistan;
| | - David T. Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Biorepository, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5221, USA;
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3
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Santourlidis S, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Erichsen L, Bendhack ML. Epigenetics Meets CAR-T-Cell Therapy to Fight Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1941. [PMID: 38792020 PMCID: PMC11119853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the impressive success of Car-T-cell therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, a broad application for solid tumors also appears promising. However, some important hurdles need to be overcome. One of these is certainly the identification of specific target antigens on cancer cells. Hypomethylation is a characteristic epigenetic aberration in many tumor entities. Genome-wide screenings for consistent DNA hypomethylations in tumors enable the identification of aberrantly upregulated transcripts, which might result in cell surface proteins. Thus, this approach provides a new perspective for the discovery of potential new Car-T-cell target antigens for almost every tumor entity. First, we focus on this approach as a possible treatment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lars Erichsen
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
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4
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Corpetti M, Müller C, Beltran H, de Bono J, Theurillat JP. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Therapies for Prostate Cancer: Towards Improving Therapeutic Outcomes. Eur Urol 2024; 85:193-204. [PMID: 38104015 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in most prostate cancers and exploited as a target for PSMA-targeted therapies. Different approaches to target PSMA-expressing cancer cells have been developed, showing promising results in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To discuss the regulation of PSMA expression and the main PSMA-targeted therapeutic concepts illustrating their clinical development and rationalizing combination approaches with examples. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a detailed literature search using PubMed and reviewed the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology annual meeting abstracts up to September 2023. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We present an overarching description of the different strategies to target PSMA. The outcomes of PSMA-targeted therapies strongly rely on surface-bound PSMA expression. However, PSMA heterogeneity at different levels (interpatient and inter/intratumoral) limits the efficacy of PSMA-targeted therapies. We highlight the molecular mechanisms governing PSMA regulation, the understanding of which is crucial to designing therapeutic strategies aimed at upregulating PSMA expression. Thus far, homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and androgen receptor (AR) have emerged as critical transcription factors positively and negatively regulating PSMA expression, respectively. Furthermore, epigenetic regulation of PSMA has been also reported recently. In addition, many established therapeutic approaches harbor the potential to upregulate PSMA levels as well as potentiate DNA damage mediated by current radioligands. CONCLUSIONS PSMA-targeted therapies are rapidly advancing, but their efficacy is strongly limited by the heterogeneous expression of the target. A thorough comprehension of how PSMA is regulated will help improve the outcomes through increasing PSMA expression and will provide the basis for synergistic combination therapies. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in most prostate cancers. PSMA-targeted therapies have shown promising results, but the heterogeneous expression of PSMA limits their efficacy. We propose to better elucidate the regulation of PSMA expression to increase the levels of the target and improve the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Corpetti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Pernigoni N, Guo C, Gallagher L, Yuan W, Colucci M, Troiani M, Liu L, Maraccani L, Guccini I, Migliorini D, de Bono J, Alimonti A. The potential role of the microbiota in prostate cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:706-718. [PMID: 37491512 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The human body hosts a complex and dynamic population of trillions of microorganisms - the microbiota - which influences the body in homeostasis and disease, including cancer. Several epidemiological studies have associated specific urinary and gut microbial species with increased risk of prostate cancer; however, causal mechanistic data remain elusive. Studies have associated bacterial generation of genotoxins with the occurrence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions, a common, early oncogenic event during prostate carcinogenesis. A subsequent study demonstrated the role of the gut microbiota in prostate cancer endocrine resistance, which occurs, at least partially, through the generation of androgenic steroids fuelling oncogenic signalling via the androgen receptor. These studies present mechanistic evidence of how the host microbiota might be implicated in prostate carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Importantly, these findings also reveal potential avenues for the detection and treatment of prostate cancer through the profiling and modulation of the host microbiota. The latter could involve approaches such as the use of faecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics or antibiotics, which can be used independently or combined with existing treatments to reverse therapeutic resistance and improve clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Pernigoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christina Guo
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manuel Colucci
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Maraccani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne and Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johann de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Lin M, Sun X, Lv L. New insights and options into the mechanisms and effects of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:91-106. [PMID: 37215386 PMCID: PMC10199166 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is believed to drive prostate carcinogenesis by producing reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species to induce DNA damage. This effect might subsequently cause epigenetic and genomic alterations, leading to malignant transformation. Although established therapeutic advances have extended overall survival, tumors in patients with advanced prostate cancer are prone to metastasis, transformation into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer is involved in carcinogenesis, invasion and drug resistance. A plethora of preclinical studies have focused on immune-based therapies. Understanding the intricate TME system in prostate cancer may hold much promise for developing novel therapies, designing combinational therapeutic strategies, and further overcoming resistance to established treatments to improve the lives of prostate cancer patients. In this review, we discuss nonimmune components and various immune cells within the TME and their putative roles during prostate cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We also outline the updated fundamental research focusing on therapeutic advances of targeted therapy as well as combinational options for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingen Lin
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
- Shanghai Chowsing Pet Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201103, China
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7
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Koti M, Bivalacqua T, Black PC, Cathomen T, Galsky MD, Gulley JL, Ingersoll MA, Kamat AM, Kassouf W, Siemens DR, Gao J. Adaptive Immunity in Genitourinary Cancers. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:263-272. [PMID: 37069029 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT While urothelial and renal cell cancers have exhibited modest responses to novel immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death ligand 1 and its receptor, response rates in patients with prostate cancer have remained poor. The factors underlying suboptimal outcomes observed in patients treated with novel immunotherapies are still to be resolved. OBJECTIVE To review the literature and describe the key adaptive immune physiological events associated with cancer progression and therapeutic response in genitourinary (GU) cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a nonsystematic, collaborative narrative review to highlight recent advancements leading to the current state of knowledge on the critical mediators of antitumor adaptive immunity to GU cancers. Further, we discuss the findings on the pre- and post-treatment immunological events that either are unique to each of the three cancer types or exhibit overlapping clinical associations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Aging-associated immune function decline is a major factor underlying poor outcomes observed in patients treated with both conventional and novel immunotherapies. Other cancer immunobiological aspects associated with suboptimal responses in GU cancers include the overall tumor mutational burden, mutations in specific tumor suppressor/DNA damage repair genes (KDM6A, PTEN, STAG2, TP53, ATM, and BRCA2), and abundance of multiple functional states of adaptive immune cells and their spatiotemporal localization within the tumor immune microenvironment. Understanding these mechanisms may potentially lead to the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers such as immune cell infiltration profiles and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) that associate with variable clinical outcomes depending on the nature of the novel immunotherapeutic approach. Implementation of newer immune-monitoring technologies and improved preclinical modeling systems will augment our understanding of the host and tumor intrinsic factors contributing to the variability of responses to immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of dynamic and static adaptive immune elements within the tumor immune landscape, several knowledge gaps remain. A comprehensive knowledge thus gained will lead to precision immunotherapy, improved drug sequencing, and a therapeutic response. PATIENT SUMMARY We performed a collaborative review by a diverse group of experts in the field to examine our understanding of the events and crosstalk between cancer cells and the patient's immune system that are associated with responses to novel immunotherapies. An evolving understanding of tumor-intrinsic and host-related immune alterations, both before and after therapy, will aid in the discovery of promising markers of responses to immunotherapy as well as the development of unique therapeutic approaches for the management of genitourinary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Trinity Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine & Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014, France; Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Urology, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Feriz AM, Khosrojerdi A, Lotfollahi M, Shamsaki N, GhasemiGol M, HosseiniGol E, Fereidouni M, Rohban MH, Sebzari AR, Saghafi S, Leone P, Silvestris N, Safarpour H, Racanelli V. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers heterogeneous transcriptional signatures in tumor-infiltrated dendritic cells in prostate cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15694. [PMID: 37144199 PMCID: PMC10151421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the two solid malignancies in which a higher T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds with a worse prognosis for the tumor. The inability of T cells to eliminate tumor cells despite an increase in their number reinforces the possibility of impaired antigen presentation. In this study, we investigated the TME at single-cell resolution to understand the molecular function and communication of dendritic cells (DCs) (as professional antigen-presenting cells). According to our data, tumor cells stimulate the migration of immature DCs to the tumor site by inducing inflammatory chemokines. Many signaling pathways such as TNF-α/NF-κB, IL2/STAT5, and E2F up-regulated after DCs enter the tumor location. In addition, some molecules such as GPR34 and SLCO2B1 decreased on the surface of DCs. The analysis of molecular and signaling alterations in DCs revealed some suppression mechanisms of tumors, such as removing mature DCs, reducing the DC's survival, inducing anergy or exhaustion in the effector T cells, and enhancing the differentiation of T cells to Th2 and Tregs. In addition, we investigated the cellular and molecular communication between DCs and macrophages in the tumor site and found three molecular pairs including CCR5/CCL5, CD52/SIGLEC10, and HLA-DPB1/TNFSF13B. These molecular pairs are involved in the migration of immature DCs to the TME and disrupt the antigen-presenting function of DCs. Furthermore, we presented new therapeutic targets by the construction of a gene co-expression network. These data increase our knowledge of the heterogeneity and the role of DCs in PCa TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Miraki Feriz
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, BUMS, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Lotfollahi
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neusha Shamsaki
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad GhasemiGol
- College of Engineering & Mines, University of North Dakota, North Dakota, USA
| | - Edris HosseiniGol
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahmad Reza Sebzari
- Radiation Oncology, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), ValiAsr Hospital, BUMS, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samira Saghafi
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, BUMS, Birjand, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Ozer M, Goksu SY, Akagunduz B, George A, Sahin I. Adoptive Cell Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061808. [PMID: 36980692 PMCID: PMC10046758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the new reference standard in first-line HCC treatment, replacing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib. Many clinical trials with different combinations are already in development to validate novel immunotherapies for the treatment of patients with HCC. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), also known as cellular immunotherapy, with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) may represent a promising alternative approach to modify the immune system to recognize tumor cells with better clinical outcomes. In this review, we briefly discuss the overview of ACT as a promising treatment modality in HCC, along with recent updates of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Ozer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Suleyman Yasin Goksu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Baran Akagunduz
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Andrew George
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02915, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02915, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02915, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-9873
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10
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Wang J, Wang Y, Pan H, Zhao L, Yang X, Liang Z, Shen X, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhu Y, Xun J, Liang Y, Lin Q, Liang H, Li M, Zhu H. Chemokine Receptors CCR6 and PD1 Blocking scFv E27 Enhances Anti-EGFR CAR-T Therapeutic Efficacy in a Preclinical Model of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065424. [PMID: 36982500 PMCID: PMC10056525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, a therapeutic agent for solid tumors, are not completely effective due to a lack of infiltration of T cells into the tumor site and immunity caused by Programmed Death Receptor 1(PD1). Here, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) CAR-T cell was engineered to express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and secrete PD1 blocking Single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) E27 to enhance their anti-tumor effects. The findings showed that CCR6 enhanced the migration of EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells in vitro by the Transwell migration assay. When incubated with tumor cells, EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells specifically exerted potent cytotoxicity and produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line-derived xenograft model was constructed by implanting modified A549 cell lines into immunodeficient NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rgem1/Smoc (NSG) mice. In comparison with traditional EGFR CAR-T cells, live imaging indicated that EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells displayed superior anti-tumor function. In addition, the histopathological examination of mouse organs showed no obvious organic damage. Our findings confirmed that PD1 blocking and CCR6 can enhance the anti-tumor function of EGFR CAR-T cells in an NSCLC xenograft model, providing an effective treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-021-31246728
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11
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Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Current Systematic Review and Patient Centric Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041446. [PMID: 36835981 PMCID: PMC9966657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, making up 21% of all cancer cases. With 345,000 deaths per year owing to the disease, there is an urgent need to optimize prostate cancer care. This systematic review collated and synthesized findings of completed Phase III clinical trials administering immunotherapy; a current clinical trial index (2022) of all ongoing Phase I-III clinical trial records was also formulated. A total of four Phase III clinical trials with 3588 participants were included administering DCVAC, ipilimumab, personalized peptide vaccine, and the PROSTVAC vaccine. In this original research article, promising results were seen for ipilimumab intervention, with improved overall survival trends. A total of 68 ongoing trial records pooling in 7923 participants were included, spanning completion until June 2028. Immunotherapy is an emerging option for patients with prostate cancer, with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjuvant therapies forming a large part of the emerging landscape. With various ongoing trials, the characteristics and premises of the prospective findings will be key in improving outcomes in the future.
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12
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Liang H, Liu Y, Guo J, Dou M, Zhang X, Hu L, Chen J. Progression in immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126752. [PMID: 36925917 PMCID: PMC10011447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers of the male genitourinary system and has high morbidity and mortality. Currently, treatment modalities for localized prostate cancer focus mainly on radical prostatectomy or radical radiation therapy. Some patients still experience disease recurrence or progression after these treatments, while others are already at an advanced stage or have metastases at the time of diagnosis. With the continuous development and progress of medicine in recent years, immunotherapy has become a revolutionary cancer treatment, and has achieved remarkable accomplishments in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. A variety of immunotherapies have also appeared in the field of advanced prostate cancer treatment, including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint therapies. Despite the discrepancy between the results of some immunotherapy studies, immunotherapy for prostate cancer has shown some initial success, especially in combination immunotherapies. Currently, immunotherapy is mainly used in advanced prostate cancer, especially in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, with the development of more clinical trials of immunotherapy, more evidence will be provided supporting the rational application of immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Maoyang Dou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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13
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Roberts MJ, Maurer T, Perera M, Eiber M, Hope TA, Ost P, Siva S, Hofman MS, Murphy DG, Emmett L, Fendler WP. Using PSMA imaging for prognostication in localized and advanced prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:23-47. [PMID: 36473945 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed applications in modern prostate cancer management has evolved rapidly over the past few years, helping to establish new treatment pathways and provide further insights into prostate cancer biology. However, the prognostic implications of PSMA-PET have not been studied systematically, owing to rapid clinical implementation without long follow-up periods to determine intermediate-term and long-term oncological outcomes. Currently available data suggest that traditional prognostic factors and survival outcomes are associated with high PSMA expression (both according to immunohistochemistry and PET uptake) in men with localized and biochemically recurrent disease. Treatment with curative intent (primary and/or salvage) often fails when PSMA-positive metastases are present; however, the sensitivity of PSMA-PET in detecting all metastases is poor. Low PSMA-PET uptake in recurrent disease is a favourable prognostic factor; however, it can be associated with poor prognosis in conjunction with high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical trials embedding PSMA-PET for guiding management with reliable oncological outcomes are needed to support ongoing clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Urology, Redcliffe Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlon Perera
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shankar Siva
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Radiation Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- PET Committee of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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14
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Current Developments in Cellular Therapy for Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225719. [PMID: 36428811 PMCID: PMC9688882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of immunotherapies such as cellular therapy, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and immunomodulators has revolutionized the treatment of various cancer entities. In order to close the existing gaps in knowledge about cellular immunotherapy, specifically focusing on the chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T-cells, their benefits and application in clinical settings, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review. Two co-authors independently searched the literature and characterized the results. Out of 183 records, 26 were considered eligible. This review provides an overview of the cellular immunotherapy landscape in treating prostate cancer, honing in on the challenges of employing CAR T-cell therapy. CAR T-cell therapy is a promising avenue for research due to the presence of an array of different tumor specific antigens. In prostate cancer, the complex microenvironment of the tumor vastly contributes to the success or failure of immunotherapies.
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15
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Wang D, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Qiu G, Chen J, Zhu X, Kong C, Lu X, Liang X, Duan L, Fang C, Liu J, Zhang K, Luo T. Intraparticle Double-Scattering-Decoded Sonogenetics for Augmenting Immune Checkpoint Blockade and CAR-T Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203106. [PMID: 36156442 PMCID: PMC9661857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetically arming new chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells is a prevalent method to fulfill CAR-T immunotherapy. However, this approach fails to completely address the poor infiltration, complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM), and insufficient immune cells, which are recognized as the three dominant hurdles to discouraging the trafficking and persistence of CAR-T and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies against solid tumors. To address the three hurdles, a sonoimmunity-engineered nanoplatform is designed in which a rattle-type-structured carrier enables intraparticle-double-scattering to generate massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the sonodynamic process. Abundant ROS accumulation can directly kill tumor cells, release antigens, and activate systematic immune responses for expanding effector T or CAR-T cells, while alleviating ITM via immunosuppressive macrophage polarization and reduction in pro-tumorigenic cytokine secretion. Furthermore, the co-loaded phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors release nitric oxide (NO) to impel vascular normalization and open the infiltration barrier (IB) for allowing more T cells to enter into the tumor. Systematic experiments demonstrate the feasibility of such intraparticle-double-scattering-decoded sonogenetics in the sonoimmunity-engineered nanoplatforms for expanding effector T or CAR-T cells, thereby promoting their infiltration into tumors and alleviating ITM. These compelling actions lead to excellent CAR-T and ICB immunotherapies against solid tumors with repressed tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Qiu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Cunqing Kong
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Xiuxin Lu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Xiayi Liang
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Lixia Duan
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 22 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineNo. 301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 22 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Medical UltrasoundDepartment of Interventional Therapy and Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 71 Hedi RoadNanning530021P. R. China
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16
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramesh T, Gopalakrishnan AV. The Cellular and Molecular Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081370. [PMID: 36016257 PMCID: PMC9416492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent history, immunotherapy has become a viable cancer therapeutic option. However, over many years, its tenets have changed, and it now comprises a range of cancer-focused immunotherapies. Clinical trials are currently looking into monotherapies or combinations of medicines that include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), CART cells, DNA vaccines targeting viruses, and adoptive cellular therapy. According to ongoing studies, the discipline should progress by incorporating patient-tailored immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockers, other immunotherapeutic medications, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significantly increasing morbidity, immunotherapy can intensify the therapeutic effect and enhance immune responses. The findings for the immunotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) are compiled in this study, showing that is possible to investigate the current state of immunotherapy, covering new findings, PCa treatment techniques, and research perspectives in the field’s unceasing evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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17
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Liu YF, Zhang ZC, Wang SY, Fu SQ, Cheng XF, Chen R, Sun T. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A narrative review. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108900. [PMID: 35753122 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is not satisfactory, even though its treatment has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years. Systemic ccRCC treatment options mainly involve antiangiogenic therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, or a combination of these therapies, and as more clinical evidence becomes available, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly dominant. Conventional ICIs lead to the restoration of T-cell activation and a reduction in T-cell depletion by specifically blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), ultimately enhancing the antitumor immune response. There is no doubt that these therapies have achieved some clinical efficacy in the overall ccRCC population, but response rates and durability remain a great challenge. Therefore, novel immune checkpoints or new combination therapeutic strategies based on ICIs continue to be sought and developed. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of ICI-based therapeutic strategies in advanced ccRCC, including their mechanisms of action and the latest clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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18
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Mulvey A, Muggeo-Bertin E, Berthold DR, Herrera FG. Overcoming Immune Resistance With Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859785. [PMID: 35603186 PMCID: PMC9115849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and represents a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Therapeutic options in the metastatic castration-resistant setting remain limited, despite advances in androgen deprivation therapy, precision medicine and targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize the role of immunotherapy in prostate cancer and offer perspectives on opportunities for future development, based on current knowledge of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for synergistic therapeutic strategies with modern radiotherapy, through modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Emerging clinical and pre-clinical data suggest that radiation can convert immune desert tumors into an inflamed immunological hub, potentially sensitive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mulvey
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Immuno-Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilien Muggeo-Bertin
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik R Berthold
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda G Herrera
- Department of Oncology, Immuno-Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Pich O, Bailey C, Watkins TBK, Zaccaria S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. The translational challenges of precision oncology. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:458-478. [PMID: 35487215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are in part related to the biological complexity and diversity of this disease. Technological advances in genomics have facilitated large sequencing efforts and discoveries that have further supported this notion. In this review, we reflect on the impact of these discoveries on our understanding of several concepts: cancer initiation, cancer prevention, early detection, adjuvant therapy and minimal residual disease monitoring, cancer drug resistance, and cancer evolution in metastasis. We discuss key areas of focus for improving cancer outcomes, from biological insights to clinical application, and suggest where the development of these technologies will lead us. Finally, we discuss practical challenges to the wider adoption of molecular profiling in the clinic and the need for robust translational infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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20
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Ge R, Wang Z, Cheng L. Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity an important mediator of prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:31. [PMID: 35508696 PMCID: PMC9068628 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which poses a major challenge to precision therapy and drug development. In this review, we discuss how nongenetic factors contribute to heterogeneity of prostate cancer. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic switching related to anticancer therapies. Lastly, we summarize the challenges targeting the tumor environments, and emphasize that continued exploration of tumor heterogeneity is needed in order to offer a personalized therapy for advanced prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Ge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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21
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Boettcher M, Joechner A, Li Z, Yang SF, Schlegel P. Development of CAR T Cell Therapy in Children-A Comprehensive Overview. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082158. [PMID: 35456250 PMCID: PMC9024694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy in the last decade with the successful establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cellular therapies as an alternative treatment in relapsed and refractory CD19-positive leukemias and lymphomas. There are fundamental reasons why CAR T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug administration and the European Medicines Agency for pediatric and young adult patients first. Commonly, novel therapies are developed for adult patients and then adapted for pediatric use, due to regulatory and commercial reasons. Both strategic and biological factors have supported the success of CAR T cell therapy in children. Since there is an urgent need for more potent and specific therapies in childhood malignancies, efforts should also include the development of CAR therapeutics and expand applicability by introducing new technologies. Basic aspects, the evolution and the drawbacks of childhood CAR T cell therapy are discussed as along with the latest clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Joechner
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Ziduo Li
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Sile Fiona Yang
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Immunotherapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer-Light at the End of the Tunnel? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052569. [PMID: 35269712 PMCID: PMC8910587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic treatment approaches are now an integral part of the treatment of many solid tumors. However, attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of prostate cancer have been disappointing so far. This is due to a highly immunosuppressive, “cold” tumor microenvironment, which is characterized, for example, by the absence of cytotoxic T cells, an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, a decreased number of tumor antigens, or a defect in antigen presentation. The consequence is a reduced efficacy of many established immunotherapeutic treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor–immune system interactions raises hopes that immunotherapeutic strategies can be optimized in the future. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and future directions of immunotherapy development in prostate cancer. Background information on immune response and tumor microenvironment will help to better understand current therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical development.
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23
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Patel U, Abernathy J, Savani BN, Oluwole O, Sengsayadeth S, Dholaria B. CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors: A review of current clinical trials. EJHAEM 2021; 3:24-31. [PMID: 35844304 PMCID: PMC9175685 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Patel
- College of Pharmacy The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - John Abernathy
- College of Medicine The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Department of Hematology‐ Oncology Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Olalekan Oluwole
- Department of Hematology‐ Oncology Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Salyka Sengsayadeth
- Department of Hematology‐ Oncology Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Department of Hematology‐ Oncology Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
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