1
|
Liu WQ, Lee BC, Song N, He Z, Shen ZA, Lu Y, Koh MJ. Electrochemical Synthesis of C(sp 3)-Rich Amines by Aminative Carbofunctionalization of Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402140. [PMID: 38650440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alkylamines form the backbone of countless nitrogen-containing small molecules possessing desirable biological properties. Despite advances in amine synthesis through transition metal catalysis and photoredox chemistry, multicomponent reactions that leverage inexpensive materials to transform abundant chemical feedstocks into three-dimensional α-substituted alkylamines bearing complex substitution patterns remain scarce. Here, we report the design of a catalyst-free electroreductive manifold that merges amines, carbonyl compounds and carbon-based radical acceptors under ambient conditions without rigorous exclusion of air and moisture. Key to this aminative carbofunctionalization process is the chemoselective generation of nucleophilic α-amino radical intermediates that readily couple with electrophilic partners, providing straightforward access to architecturally intricate alkylamines and drug-like scaffolds which are inaccessible by conventional means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Chong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - NingXi Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhenghao He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zi-An Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rrapi M, Batsika CS, Nikitas NF, Tappin NDC, Triandafillidi I, Renaud P, Kokotos CG. Photochemical Synthesis of Lactones, Cyclopropanes and ATRA Products: Revealing the Role of Sodium Ascorbate. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400253. [PMID: 38324672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated processes have received significant attention, since they have re-surfaced unconventional reactivity platforms, complementary to conventional polar chemistry. γ-Lactones and cyclopropanes are prevalent moieties, found in numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. Among various methods for their synthesis, light-mediated protocols are coming to the spotlight, although these are contingent upon the use of photoorgano- or metal-based catalysts. Herein, we introduce a novel photochemical activation of iodo-reagents via the use of cheap sodium ascorbate or ascorbic acid to enable their homolytic scission and addition onto double bonds. The developed protocol was applied successfully to the formal [3+2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of γ-lactones, traditional atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions and the one-pot two-step conversion of alkenes to cyclopropanes. In all cases, the desired products were obtained in good to high yields, while the reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated. Depending on the nature of the iodo-reagent, a halogen or a hydrogen-bonded complex is formed, which initiates the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rrapi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Charikleia S Batsika
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D C Tappin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15771, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeon H, Kim JH, Kim S. Recent asymmetric synthesis of natural products bearing an α-tertiary amine moiety via temporary chirality induction strategies. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:228-250. [PMID: 37846620 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2023The α-tertiary amine moiety is a common structural motif in natural alkaloids and is frequently associated with intriguing biological activities and inherent synthetic challenges. A major hurdle in the total synthesis of these alkaloids is the asymmetric construction of the α-tertiary amine moiety. Temporary chirality inductions have been effective strategies employed to address this issue, particularly in natural product synthesis. The temporary chirality induction strategies in α-tertiary amine synthesis can be broadly classified into three categories based on the types of temporary chirality involved: Seebach's self-regeneration of stereocenters (SRS), C-to-N-to-C chirality transfer, and memory of chirality (MOC). This review highlights the recent advancements in temporary chirality induction strategies for the total synthesis of α-tertiary amine-containing natural products between 2013 and 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jeon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Jiang S, Qian MY, Zhou QL, Xiao LJ. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3458-3470. [PMID: 38270100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ligand modulation of transition-metal catalysts to achieve optimal reactivity and selectivity in alkene hydrofunctionalization is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Hydroaminoalkylation, an atom-economical approach for alkylating amines using alkenes, is particularly significant for amine synthesis in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. However, the existing methods usually require specific substrate combinations to achieve precise regio- and stereoselectivity, which limits their practical utility. Protocols allowing for regiodivergent hydroaminoalkylation from the same starting materials, controlling both regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes, are currently absent. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled, regiodivergent nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with N-sulfonyl amines. The reaction initiates with amine dehydrogenation and involves aza-nickelacycle intermediates. Tritert-butylphosphine promotes branched regioselectivity and syn diastereoselectivity, whereas ethyldiphenylphosphine enables linear selectivity, yielding regioisomers with inverse orientation. Systematic evaluation of diverse monodentate phosphine ligands reveals distinct regioselectivity cliffs, and % Vbur (min), a ligand steric descriptor, was established as a predictive parameter correlating ligand structure to regioselectivity. Computational investigations supported experimental findings, offering mechanistic insights into the origins of regioselectivity. Our method provides an efficient and predictable route for amine synthesis, demonstrating broad substrate scope, excellent tolerance toward various functional groups, and practical advantages. These include the use of readily available starting materials and cost-effective nickel(II) salts as precatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang LC, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Wu XF. Cobalt-catalyzed aminoalkylative carbonylation of alkenes toward direct synthesis of γ-amino acid derivatives and peptides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7439. [PMID: 37978196 PMCID: PMC10656502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Amino acids and peptides analogues are common constituents of building blocks for numerous biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. In particular, γ-amino acids are providing with better metabolic stability than α-amino acids. Herein we report a multicomponent carbonylation technology that combines readily available amides, alkenes, and the feedstock gas carbon monoxide to build architecturally complex and functionally diverse γ-amino acid derivatives in a single step by the implementation of radical relay catalysis. This transformation can also be used as a late-stage functionalization strategy to deliver complex, advanced γ-amino acid products for pharmaceutical and other areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Cheng Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock, Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock, Germany.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogawa A, Yamamoto Y. Multicomponent Reactions between Heteroatom Compounds and Unsaturated Compounds in Radical Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6356. [PMID: 37687185 PMCID: PMC10488953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we present our concepts for designing multicomponent reactions with reference to a series of sequential radical reactions that we have developed. Radical reactions are well suited for the design of multicomponent reactions due to their high functional group tolerance and low solvent sensitivity. We have focused on the photolysis of interelement compounds with a heteroatom-heteroatom single bond, which readily generates heteroatom-centered radicals, and have studied the photoinduced radical addition of interelement compounds to unsaturated compounds. First, the background of multicomponent radical reactions is described, and basic concepts and methodology for the construction of multicomponent reactions are explained. Next, examples of multicomponent reactions involving two interelement compounds and one unsaturated compound are presented, as well as examples of multicomponent reactions involving one interelement compound and two unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, multicomponent reactions involving intramolecular cyclization processes are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Ogawa
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu L, Shi H. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Activation of Nonpolar C-C Bonds via π-Coordination-Enabled Aromatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307285. [PMID: 37379224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Activation of C-C bonds allows editing of molecular skeletons, but methods for selective activation of nonpolar C-C bonds in the absence of a chelation effect or a driving force derived from opening of a strained ring are scarce. Herein, we report a method for ruthenium-catalyzed activation of nonpolar C-C bonds of pro-aromatic compounds by means of π-coordination-enabled aromatization. This method was effective for cleavage of C-C(alkyl) and C-C(aryl) bonds and for ring-opening of spirocyclic compounds, providing an array of benzene-ring-containing products. The isolation of a methyl ruthenium complex intermediate supports a mechanism involving ruthenium-mediated C-C bond cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao WG, Xuan B, Xiao LJ, Zhou QL. Practical synthesis of allylic amines via nickel-catalysed multicomponent coupling of alkenes, aldehydes, and amides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8644-8650. [PMID: 37592986 PMCID: PMC10430692 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03233g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules with an allylic amine motif provide access to important building blocks and versatile applications of biologically relevant chemical space. The need for diverse allylic amines requires the development of increasingly general and modular multicomponent reactions for allylic amine synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient catalytic multicomponent coupling reaction of simple alkenes, aldehydes, and amides by combining nickel catalysis and Lewis acid catalysis, thus providing a practical, environmentally friendly, and modular protocol to build architecturally complex and functionally diverse allylic amines in a single step. The method is remarkably simple, shows broad functional-group tolerance, and facilitates the synthesis of drug-like allylic amines that are not readily accessible by other methods. The utilization of accessible starting materials and inexpensive Ni(ii) salt as the alternative precatalyst offers a significant practical advantage. In addition, the practicality of the process was also demonstrated in an efficient, gram-scale preparation of the prostaglandin agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Lai Z, Zhang W, Zeng L, Cui S. Modular assembly of indole alkaloids enabled by multicomponent reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4806. [PMID: 37558669 PMCID: PMC10412628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole alkaloids are one of the largest alkaloid classes, proving valuable structural moiety in pharmaceuticals. Although methods for the synthesis of indole alkaloids are constantly explored, the direct single-step synthesis of these chemical entities with broad structural diversity remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a modular assembly of tetrahydrocarboline type of indole alkaloids from simple building blocks in a single step while showing broad compatibility with medicinally relevant functionality. In this protocol, the 2-alkylated or 3-alkylated indoles, formaldehyde, and amine hydrochlorides could undergo a one-pot reaction to deliver γ-tetrahydrocarbolines or β-tetrahydrocarbolines directly. A wide scope of these readily available starting materials is applicable in this process, and numerous structural divergent tetrahydrocarbolines could be achieved rapidly. The control reaction and deuterium-labelling reaction are conducted to probe the mechanism. And mechanistically, this multicomponent reaction relies on a multiple alkylamination cascade wherein an unusual C(sp3)-C(sp3) connection was involved in this process. This method could render rapid access to pharmaceutically interesting compounds, greatly enlarge the indole alkaloid library and accelerate the lead compound optimization thus facilitating drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhencheng Lai
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linwei Zeng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou L, Rao C, Pang Y, Yang D, Lou H, Qiu X. More Accurate Method for Evaluating the Activity of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Its Reaction Kinetics Equation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3431-3438. [PMID: 36802455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is a sustainable energy conversion method. However, there is a lack of sufficiently accurate measurement methods for an apparent quantum yield (AQY) and a relative hydrogen production rate (rH2) at the moment. Thus, a more scientific and reliable evaluation method is highly required to allow the quantitative comparison of photocatalytic activity. Herein, a simplified kinetic model of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was established, the corresponding photocatalytic kinetic equation was deduced, and a more accurate calculation method is proposed for the AQY and the maximum hydrogen production rate vH2,max. At the same time, new physical quantities, absorption coefficient kL and specific activity SA, were proposed to sensitively characterize the catalytic activity. The scientificity and practicality of the proposed model and the physical quantities were systematically verified from the theoretical and experimental levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cheng Rao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rezazadeh S, Martin MI, Kim RS, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J, Watson DA. Photoredox-Nickel Dual-Catalyzed C-Alkylation of Secondary Nitroalkanes: Access to Sterically Hindered α-Tertiary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4707-4715. [PMID: 36795911 PMCID: PMC9992296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of tertiary nitroalkanes via the nickel-catalyzed alkylation of secondary nitroalkanes using aliphatic iodides is reported. Previously, catalytic access to this important class of nitroalkanes via alkylation has not been possible due to the inability of catalysts to overcome the steric demands of the products. However, we have now found that the use of a nickel catalyst in combination with a photoredox catalyst and light leads to much more active alkylation catalysts. These can now access tertiary nitroalkanes. The conditions are scalable as well as air and moisture tolerant. Importantly, reduction of the tertiary nitroalkane products allows rapid access to α-tertiary amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rezazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Raphael S Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harris G, Trowbridge AD, Gaunt MJ. A Chiral Amine Transfer Approach to the Photocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Trialkyl-α-tertiary Amines. Org Lett 2023; 25:861-866. [PMID: 36724345 PMCID: PMC9926512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing challenge within radical chemistry is that of controlling the absolute stereochemistry of the products. Here, we report the stereocontrolled addition of α-amino radicals reductively generated from imines via visible-light-mediated photoredox-catalysis to alkenes, giving rise to enantioenriched α-trialkyl-α-tertiary amines. This process exploits a commercially available phenylglycinol derivative as a source of both nitrogen and chiral information. DFT studies support a stereochemical model whereby an intramolecular H-bond rigidifies the transition state of the enantiodetermining step.
Collapse
|
14
|
Galathri EM, Di Terlizzi L, Fagnoni M, Protti S, Kokotos CG. Friedel-Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles utilizing arylazo sulfones as the photoacid generator. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:365-369. [PMID: 36512428 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A versatile, inexpensive and sustainable protocol for the preparation of valuable bis-indolyl methanes via visible light-mediated, metal-free Friedel-Crafts arylation has been developed. The procedure, that exploits the peculiar behavior of arylazo sulfones as non-ionic photoacid generators (PAGs), was applied to the conversion of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes into diarylmethanes in good to highly satisfactory yields, employing a low-catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) and irradiation at 456 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu ZY, Li WD, Li YL, Cui K, Xia JB. Selective Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Azaarenes and Alkynes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213281. [PMID: 36178079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced Co-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective reductive coupling of vinyl azaarenes and alkynes has been developed. Notably, Hünig's base together with simple ethanol has been successfully applied as the hydrogen sources instead of commonly used Hantzsch esters in this catalytic photoredox reaction. This approach has considerable advantages for the straightforward synthesis of stereodefined multiple substituted alkenes bearing an azaarene motif, such as excellent regioselectivity (>20 : 1 for >30 examples) and stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 E/Z), broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions, which has been utilized in the concise synthesis of natural product monomorine I. A reasonable catalytic reaction pathway involving protolysis of the cobaltacyclopentene intermediate has been proposed based on the mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Textiles and Clothing, Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224003, China
| | - Wen-Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gennaiou K, Kelesidis A, Kourgiantaki M, Zografos AL. Combining the best of both worlds: radical-based divergent total synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1-26. [PMID: 36686041 PMCID: PMC9830495 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mature science, combining the art of the total synthesis of complex natural structures and the practicality of delivering highly diverged lead compounds for biological screening, is the constant aim of the organic chemistry community. Delivering natural lead compounds became easier during the last two decades, with the evolution of green chemistry and the concepts of atom economy and protecting-group-free synthesis dominating the field of total synthesis. In this new era, total synthesis is moving towards natural efficacy by utilizing both the biosynthetic knowledge of divergent synthesis and the latest developments in radical chemistry. This contemporary review highlights recent total syntheses that incorporate the best of both worlds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Gennaiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Kelesidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Kourgiantaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros L Zografos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lahdenperä ASK, Bacoş PD, Phipps RJ. Enantioselective Giese Additions of Prochiral α-Amino Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22451-22457. [PMID: 36454604 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amines featuring an adjacent stereocenter are important building blocks, and recent years have seen remarkable growth in methods forming these via prochiral α-amino radical intermediates. However, very few can exert control over the newly formed stereocenter. We disclose a strategy to overcome this in the context of one of the most widely used radical carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, the Giese reaction. Incorporation of a removable basic heteroarene into the substrate enables a network of attractive noncovalent interactions between a phosphoric acid catalyst, the subsequently formed α-amino radical, and the Giese acceptor, allowing the catalyst to exert control during the C-C bond forming step. Deprotection of the products leads to analogues of γ-aminobutyric acid. We anticipate that this strategy will be applicable to other asymmetric radical transformations in which catalyst control is presently challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti S K Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - P David Bacoş
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Knowles OJ, Johannissen LO, Crisenza GEM, Hay S, Leys D, Procter DJ. A Vitamin B 2 -Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212158. [PMID: 36250805 PMCID: PMC10100050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Access to new non-canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored-despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non-natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α-C-H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially-available riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two-step synthesis of novel methionine analogues-by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives-and the chemoselective modification of peptide side-chains to yield non-natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio-inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Linus O Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Giacomo E M Crisenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Knowles OJ, Johannissen LO, Crisenza GEM, Hay S, Leys D, Procter DJ. A Vitamin B 2-Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202212158. [PMID: 38505624 PMCID: PMC10946832 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to new non-canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored-despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non-natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α-C-H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially-available riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two-step synthesis of novel methionine analogues-by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives-and the chemoselective modification of peptide side-chains to yield non-natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio-inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Knowles
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui K, Li YL, Li G, Xia JB. Regio- and Stereoselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Crotononitrile. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23001-23009. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Skolia E, Kokotos CG. Photochemical [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes with Maleimides: Highlighting the Differences between N-Alkyl vs N-Aryl Maleimides. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:96-103. [PMID: 37035280 PMCID: PMC10080724 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the last 15 years, there has been increased research interest in the use of light promoting organic transformations. [2 + 2] Cycloadditions are usually performed photochemically; however, literature precedent on the reaction between olefins and maleimides is limited to a handful of literature examples, focusing mainly on N-aliphatic maleimides or using metal catalysts for visible-light driven reactions of N-aromatic maleimides. Herein, we identify the differences in reactivity between N-alkyl and N-aryl maleimides. For our optimized protocols, in the case of N-alkyl maleimides, the reaction with alkenes proceeds under 370 nm irradiation in the absence of an external photocatalyst, leading to products in high yields. In the case of N-aryl maleimides, the reaction with olefins requires thioxanthone as the photosensitizer under 440 nm irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qi MY, Conte M, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Engineering Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Selectivity Switch on High-Performance Heterogeneous Coupling Photosynthesis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17444-17453. [PMID: 36170635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photoredox catalysis brings an innovative strategy for sustainable organic transformation (e.g., C-C/C-X bond formation), via radical coupling under mild conditions. However, since semiconductors interact with photogenerated radicals unselectively, the precise control of selectivity for such organic synthesis by steering radical conversion is extremely challenging. Here, by the judicious design of a structurally well-defined and atomically dispersed cocatalyst over semiconductor quantum dots, we demonstrate the precise selectivity switch on high-performance selective heterogeneous coupling photosynthesis of a C-C bond or a C-N bond along with hydrogen production over the Ni-oxo cluster and single Pd atom-decorated CdS quantum dots crafted onto the SiO2 support. Mechanistic studies unveil that the Ph(•CH)NH2 and PhCH2NH2•+ act as dominant radical intermediates for such divergent organic synthesis of C-C coupled vicinal diamines and C-N coupled imines, as respectively enabled by Ni-oxo clusters assisted radical-radical coupling and single Pd atom-assisted radical addition-elimination. This work overcomes the pervasive difficulties of selectivity regulation in semiconductor-based photochemical synthesis, highlighting a vista of utilizing atomically dispersed cocatalysts as active sites to maneuver unselective radical conversion by engineering quantum dots toward selective heterogeneous photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Qi
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Marco Conte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Zi-Rong Tang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng S, Wang W, Yuan W. Remote and Proximal Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17776-17782. [PMID: 36136777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild and site-selective hydroaminoalkylation of activated and unactivated alkenes via dual photoredox/Ni catalysis is developed. This dual catalytic strategy enables exclusive access to α-selective products, which is complementary to previously reported photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation of activated alkenes that provides the β-selective products. The chain-walking of a Ni-H intermediate toward a carbonyl allows for the hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes at remote sp3 C-H sites. This method tolerates a broad substrate scope of both amines and alkenes as well as providing a streamlined synthesis of value-added β-amino acid derivatives from readily available starting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hwang C, Lee Y, Kim M, Seo Y, Cho SH. Diborylmethyl Group as a Transformable Building Block for the Diversification of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209079. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeosan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Seo
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yadav P, Varma AA, A J P, Gopinath P. Photoredox mediated multicomponent reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry INDIA
| | - A Anagha Varma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry INDIA
| | - Punnya A J
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry INDIA
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry Karkambadi Road 517507 Tirupati INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skolia E, Gkizis PL, Kokotos CG. A sustainable photochemical aerobic sulfide oxidation: access to sulforaphane and modafinil. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5836-5844. [PMID: 35838682 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxide-containing molecules are an important class of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry and many efforts have been made to develop new and green protocols, targeting the chemoselective transformation of sulfides into sulfoxides. Photochemistry is a rapidly expanding research field employing light as the energy source. Photochemical aerobic processes possess additional advantages to photochemistry and may find applications in the chemical industries. Herein, a 370 nm catalyst-free aerobic protocol was developed, using 2-Me-THF as the green solvent. At the same time, two low-catalyst-loading anthraquinone-based processes (under a CFL lamp or 427 nm irradiation) in 2-Me-THF were developed. Furthermore, a broad range of substrates was tested. We also implemented our protocols towards the synthesis of the pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs) sulforaphane and modafinil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece. .,Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece. .,Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece. .,Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hwang C, Lee Y, Kim M, Seo Y, Cho SH. Diborylmethyl Group as a Transformable Building Block for the Diversification of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Hwang
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yeosan Lee
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Minjae Kim
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Younggyu Seo
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Chemistry San 31, HyojadongNamgu 37673 Pohang KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Immel JR, Bloom S. carba-Nucleopeptides (cNPs): A Biopharmaceutical Modality Formed through Aqueous Rhodamine B Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205606. [PMID: 35507689 PMCID: PMC9256812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exchanging the ribose backbone of an oligonucleotide for a peptide can enhance its physiologic stability and nucleic acid binding affinity. Ordinarily, the eneamino nitrogen atom of a nucleobase is fused to the side chain of a polypeptide through a new C-N bond. The discovery of C-C linked nucleobases in the human transcriptome reveals new opportunities for engineering nucleopeptides that replace the traditional C-N bond with a non-classical C-C bond, liberating a captive nitrogen atom and promoting new hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interactions. We report the first late-stage synthesis of C-C linked carba-nucleopeptides (cNPs) using aqueous Rhodamine B photoredox catalysis. We prepare brand-new cNPs in batch, in parallel, and in flow using three long-wavelength photochemical setups. We detail the mechanism of our reaction by experimental and computational studies and highlight the essential role of diisopropylethylamine as a bifurcated two-electron reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have long focused on selective C(sp 3)-N bond-forming approaches in response to the high value of this motif in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and functional materials. In recent years, visible light-induced protocols have become an important synthetic platform to promote this transformation under mild reaction conditions. These photo-driven methods rely on converting visible light into chemical energy to generate reactive but controllable radical species. This Review highlights recent advances in this area, mostly after 2014, with an emphasis placed on C(sp 3)-H bond activations, including amination of olefins and carbonyl compounds, and cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen G, Savateev A, Song Z, Wu H, Markushyna Y, Zhang L, Wang H, Antonietti M. Saving the Energy Loss in Lithium‐Mediated Nitrogen Fixation by Using a Highly Reactive Li
3
N Intermediate for C−N Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203170. [PMID: 35478427 PMCID: PMC9323488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao‐Feng Chen
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Zihan Song
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Lili Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Babawale F, Murugesan K, Narobe R, König B. Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Photoredox Activation of Inert C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Org Lett 2022; 24:4793-4797. [PMID: 35749614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of unnatural, tertiary amino acids is a challenging task. While decarboxylation-radical addition has been an important strategy for their formation, the use of alkyl radicals from C(sp3)-H bonds has not been fully explored. Herein, we report a photocatalytic protocol for the synthesis of unnatural α-amino esters employing abundant alkanes and imines retaining full atom economy. When this method is applied, several amino acid derivatives are synthesized in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Babawale
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
DiPucchio RC, Rosca SC, Schafer LL. Hydroaminoalkylation for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes or Alkynes: Diverse Mechanisms Enable Diverse Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11459-11481. [PMID: 35731810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful, atom-economic catalytic reaction for the reaction of amines with alkenes and alkynes. This C-H functionalization reaction allows for the atom-economic alkylation of amines using simple alkenes or alkynes as the alkylating agents. This transformation has significant potential for transformative approaches in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries in the preparation of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles and shows promise in materials science for the synthesis of functional and responsive aminated materials. Different early transition-metal, late transition-metal, and photoredox catalysts mediate hydroaminoalkylation by distinct mechanistic pathways. These mechanistic insights have resulted in the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions to realize hydroaminoalkylation with a broad range of substrates: activated and unactivated, terminal and internal, C-C double and triple bonds with aryl or alkyl primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including N-heterocyclic amines. By deploying select catalysts with specific substrate combinations, control over regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity has been realized. Key barriers to widespread adoption of this reaction include air and moisture sensitivity for early transition-metal catalysts as well as a heavy dependence on amine protecting or directing groups for late transition-metal or photocatalytic routes. Advances in improved catalyst robustness, substrate scope, and regio-/stereoselective reactions with early- and late transition-metal catalysts, as well as photoredox catalysis, are highlighted, and opportunities for further catalyst and reaction development are included. This perspective shows that hydroaminoalkylation has the potential to be a disruptive and transformative strategy for the synthesis of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles from simple amines and alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Rosca
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Immel JR, Bloom S. carba
‐Nucleopeptides (
c
NPs): A Biopharmaceutical Modality Formed through Aqueous Rhodamine B Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hsu C, Gonçalves CR, Tona V, Pons A, Kaiser M, Maulide N. Leveraging Electron‐Deficient Iminium Intermediates in a General Synthesis of Valuable Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115435. [PMID: 35103377 PMCID: PMC9311413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of reactions converting alkenes and alkynes into valuable building blocks remains one of the main goals of synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present the leveraging of highly electron‐deficient iminium ions, rare and fleeting intermediates, into a general amine synthesis. This enables the preparation of amines bearing e.g. valuable α‐trifluoromethyl moieties under mild conditions. This broad concept is highlighted by the late‐stage amination of quinine into a biologically interesting new analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che‐Sheng Hsu
- University of Vienna Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Carlos R. Gonçalves
- University of Vienna Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronica Tona
- University of Vienna Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Amandine Pons
- University of Vienna Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydroaminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200105. [PMID: 35170841 PMCID: PMC9314026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of alkenes have emerged as a powerful method for the construction of alkyl amines. Although there are some studies aiming at stereoselective photocatalytic HAA reactions, the alkenes are limited to electrophilic alkenes. Herein, we report a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective HAA of electron‐rich dienol ethers and α‐amino radicals derived from α‐amino acids using a unified photoredox and palladium catalytic system. This decarboxylative 1,2‐Markovnikov addition enables the construction of vicinal amino tertiary ethers with high levels of regio‐ (up to >19 : 1 rr), diastereo‐ (up to >19 : 1 dr), and enantioselectivity control (up to >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies support a reversible hydropalladation as a key step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hsu C, Gonçalves CR, Tona V, Pons A, Kaiser M, Maulide N. Nutzung von elektronenarmen Iminiumintermediaten zur Synthese von wertvollen Aminen. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202115435. [PMID: 38505700 PMCID: PMC10946883 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDie Entwicklung von Reaktionen zur Umwandlung von Alkenen und Alkinen in wertvolle Bausteine ist nach wie vor eines der Hauptziele in der synthetischen Chemie. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir von der Nutzbarmachung von stark elektronenarmen, seltenen und kurzlebigen Iminiumionen zur Synthese von Aminen. Dies ermöglicht die milde Herstellung von Aminen mit z. B. trifluormethylierten Einheiten. Dieses umfassende Konzept wird durch die Aminierung von Chinin zu einem biologisch interessanten neuen Analogon verdeutlicht.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che‐Sheng Hsu
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Strasse 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Carlos R. Gonçalves
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Strasse 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Veronica Tona
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Strasse 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Amandine Pons
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Strasse 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public-Health-InstitutSocinstrasse 574002BaselSchweiz
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Strasse 381090WienÖsterreich
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Foley DJ, Waldmann H. Ketones as strategic building blocks for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4094-4120. [PMID: 35506561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural product-inspired compound collections serve as excellent sources for the identification of new bioactive compounds to treat disease. However, such compounds must necessarily be more structurally-enriched than traditional screening compounds, therefore inventive synthetic strategies and reliable methods are needed to prepare them. Amongst the various possible starting materials that could be considered for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds, ketones can be especially valuable due to the vast variety of complexity-building synthetic transformations that they can take part in, their high prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis. With a view towards developing a unified synthetic strategy for the preparation of next generation bioactive compound collections, this review considers whether ketones could serve as general precursors in this regard, and summarises the opulence of synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen G, Savateev A, Song Z, Wu H, Markushyna Y, Zhang L, Wang H, Antonietti M. Saving the Energy Loss in Lithium‐mediated Nitrogen Fixation by Using Highly Reactive Li3N Intermediate for C–N Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Zihan Song
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Qinghua University: Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Lili Zhang
- Zhengzhou University School of Chemical Engineering 450001 Zhengzhou CHINA
| | - Haihui Wang
- Qinghua University: Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saadati F, Griffin SE, Schafer LL. Guanidinate Early-Transition-Metal Complexes: Efficient and Selective Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Saadati
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan M9PX+FX7, Iran
| | - Samuel E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spiliopoulou N, Gkizis PL, Triandafillidi I, Nikitas NF, Batsika CS, Bisticha A, Kokotos CG. A Unified Mechanism for the PhCOCOOH-mediated Photochemical Reactions: Revisiting its Action and Comparison to Known Photoinitiators. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200023. [PMID: 35137984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since 2014, we have introduced in literature the use of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhCOCOOH), a small and commercially available organic molecule, as a potent promoter in a variety of photochemical processes. Although PhCOCOOH has a broad scope of photochemical reactions that can promote, the understanding of its mode of action in our early contributions was moderate. Herein, we are restudying and revisiting the mechanism of action of PhCOCOOH in most of these early contributions, providing a unified mechanism of action. Furthermore, the understanding of its action as a photoinitiator opened a new comparison study with known and commercially available photoinitiators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Charikleia S Batsika
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Bisticha
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Azetidine synthesis enabled by photo-induced copper-catalysis via [3+1] radical cascade cyclization. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100244. [PMID: 35519513 PMCID: PMC9065902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Azetidines are an important type of saturated, highly strained, four-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. These compounds serve as important raw materials, intermediates, and catalysts in organic synthesis, as well as important active units in amino acids, alkaloids, and pharmaceutically active compounds. Thus, the development of an efficient and concise method to construct azetidines is of great significance in multiple disciplines. In this work, we reported on the photo-induced copper-catalyzed radical annulation of aliphatic amines with alkynes to produce azetidines. This reaction occurred in a two- or three-component manner. The alkynes efficiently captured photogenerated α-aminoalkyl radicals, forming vinyl radicals, which initiated tandem 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer and 4-exo-trig cyclization. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the tertiary radical intermediate was critical for the success of cyclization. In addition, the resulting saturated azetidine scaffolds possessed vicinal tertiary-quaternary and even quaternary-quaternary centers. Azetidines, four-membered N-heterocyclic compounds, are valuable targets for synthesis The first [3 + 1] cyclization approach is enabled by visible-light-induced copper catalysis This atom economic synthesis is characterized by double C-H activation This technology features operational simplicity, cheap catalyst, and broad substrate scope
Collapse
|
42
|
Recyclable Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C–C Coupling of the sp3-Hybridized Carbon Atoms of α-Amino Acids. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
43
|
Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydro‐aminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Pho‐toredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Coppola GA, Pillitteri S, Van der Eycken EV, You SL, Sharma UK. Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2313-2382. [PMID: 35244107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo A Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Walden MT, Yufit DS, Williams JG. Luminescent bis-tridentate iridium(III) complexes: Overcoming the undesirable reactivity of trans-disposed metallated rings using –N^N^N-coordinating bis(1,2,4-triazolyl)pyridine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
46
|
Xie H, Breit B. Organophotoredox/Ni-Cocatalyzed Allylation of Allenes: Regio- and Diastereoselective Access to Homoallylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Triandafillidi I, Nikitas NF, Gkizis PL, Spiliopoulou N, Kokotos CG. Hexafluoroisopropanol-Promoted or Brønsted Acid-Mediated Photochemical [2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes with Maleimides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102441. [PMID: 34978379 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of light stimulating organic transformations has been known for more than a century, there is an increasing research interest on expanding the established knowledge. While [2+2] cycloadditions are promoted photochemically, literature precedent on the reaction between alkynes and maleimides is limited and only a handful of examples exist, focusing mainly on N-aliphatic maleimides. Herein, the differences in reactivity between N-alkyl and N-aryl maleimides were identified, and the use of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as viable solutions was proposed in order to achieve high yields. In the case of N-alkyl maleimides, both HFIP-mediated or TFA-promoted reactions were established using LED 370 nm irradiation, without the use of an external photocatalyst. In the case of N-aryl maleimides, thioxanthone (THX) was employed as the energy transfer photocatalyst along with LED 427 nm irradiation and HFIP. Mechanistic studies were performed, supporting the pivotal role of HFIP or TFA, in acquiring good to high yields in both classes of maleimides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liang H, Ji DS, Xu GQ, Luo YC, Zheng H, Xu PF. Metal-free, visible-light induced enantioselective three-component dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines via chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1088-1094. [PMID: 35211274 PMCID: PMC8790774 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06613g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using diverse carbon-centered radical precursors and electron-rich (hetero)aromatics and alcohols as nucleophiles, a visible-light driven chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular, three-component radical-initiated dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines was developed, which provides a straightforward access to chiral arylmethylamines, aza-hemiacetals and γ-amino acid derivatives with excellent enantioselectivity. As far as we know, this is the first example of constructing a chiral C–O bond using simple alcohols via visible-light photocatalysis. Chiral phosphoric acid played multiple roles in the reaction, including controlling the reaction stereoselectivity and promoting the generation of radical intermediates by activating Togni's reagent. Mechanistic studies also suggested the importance of the N–H bond of the enamine and indole for the reactions. We have developed a metal-free, visible-light driven chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular, three-component radical-initiated dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination involving C(sp2)–H and benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:435. [PMID: 35064111 PMCID: PMC8782832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylamines are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. The Mannich reaction is a well-known three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines and has been widely used in academic research and industry. However, the nucleophilic components in this process rely on C(sp2)−H and activated C(sp3)−H bonds while the unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds involved Mannich alkylamination is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination for both C(sp2)−H and unactivated benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds. In this process, various 3-alkylbenzofurans, formaldehyde and alkylamine hydrochlorides assemble efficiently to furnish benzofuran-fused piperidines. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a distinctive pathway that a multiple Mannich reaction and retro-Mannich reaction of benzofuran and dehydrogenation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds were key steps to constitute the alkylamination. This protocol furnishes a Mannich alkylamine synthesis from unusual C–H inputs to access benzofuran-fused piperidines with exceptional structural diversity, molecular complexity and drug-likeness. Therefore, this work opens a distinctive vision for the alkylamination of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds, and provides a powerful tool in diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and drug discovery. The Mannich reaction is a three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines, but the nucleophilic components rely on C(sp2)−H and activated C(sp3)−H bonds. Here, the authors report an unprecedented multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination for both C(sp2)−H and unactivated benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mohammadi M, Ghorbani-Choghamarani A. Synthesis and characterization of novel hercynite@sulfuric acid and its catalytic applications in the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2770-2787. [PMID: 35425328 PMCID: PMC8979139 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07381h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of hercynite@sulfuric acid as a novel nanomagnetic solid acid catalyst, containing the sulfuric acid catalytic sites on the surface of hercynite MNPs as the catalytic support. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was meticulously characterized using a wide range of physicochemical techniques; including, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, X-ray-mapping, SEM and VSM analysis. The catalytic activity of this nanomagnetic material was considered for the synthesis of the diversely substituted polyhydroquinolines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones under solvent free conditions and also cyclocondensation reactions in ethanol, respectively affording good to excellent yields. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the heterogeneity of the catalyst was measured through its excellent reusability and hot-filtration test. Herein, we report the synthesis of hercynite@sulfuric acid as a novel nanomagnetic solid acid catalyst, containing the sulfuric acid catalytic sites on the surface of hercynite MNPs as the catalytic support.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran
| | - Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 8138380709 +98 8138282807
| |
Collapse
|