1
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Goodwin CAP. What is a Sandwich Complex? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9363-9365. [PMID: 38306455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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2
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Driscoll DM, White FD, Pramanik S, Einkauf JD, Ravel B, Bykov D, Roy S, Mayes RT, Delmau LH, Cary SK, Dyke T, Miller A, Silveira M, VanCleve SM, Davern SM, Jansone-Popova S, Popovs I, Ivanov AS. Observation of a promethium complex in solution. Nature 2024; 629:819-823. [PMID: 38778232 PMCID: PMC11111410 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide rare-earth metals are ubiquitous in modern technologies1-5, but we know little about chemistry of the 61st element, promethium (Pm)6, a lanthanide that is highly radioactive and inaccessible. Despite its importance7,8, Pm has been conspicuously absent from the experimental studies of lanthanides, impeding our full comprehension of the so-called lanthanide contraction phenomenon: a fundamental aspect of the periodic table that is quoted in general chemistry textbooks. Here we demonstrate a stable chelation of the 147Pm radionuclide (half-life of 2.62 years) in aqueous solution by the newly synthesized organic diglycolamide ligand. The resulting homoleptic PmIII complex is studied using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations to establish the coordination structure and a bond distance of promethium. These fundamental insights allow a complete structural investigation of a full set of isostructural lanthanide complexes, ultimately capturing the lanthanide contraction in solution solely on the basis of experimental observations. Our results show accelerated shortening of bonds at the beginning of the lanthanide series, which can be correlated to the separation trends shown by diglycolamides9-11. The characterization of the radioactive PmIII complex in an aqueous environment deepens our understanding of intra-lanthanide behaviour12-15 and the chemistry and separation of the f-block elements16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Driscoll
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Frankie D White
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Subhamay Pramanik
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Einkauf
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Bruce Ravel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Dmytro Bykov
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Santanu Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Richard T Mayes
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Lætitia H Delmau
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Samantha K Cary
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Dyke
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - April Miller
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Matt Silveira
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Shelley M VanCleve
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sandra M Davern
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Ilja Popovs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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3
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Nain S, Mukhopadhyaya A, Ali ME. Unravelling the Highest Magnetic Anisotropy Among all the nd-Shells in [WCp2]0 Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7401-7411. [PMID: 38578709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) with a large magnetization reversal barrier are predominated by the lanthanide systems due to their strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). However, the transition metals have also emerged as potential contenders and the largest magnetic anisotropy has been identified for a cobalt system among any d-series-based SMMs (Bunting et al. Science 2018, 362, eaat7319). In this work, we have explored the magnetic anisotropy in highly axial ligand field systems of metallocene, having different d-subshell (3d4, 4d4, and 5d4). The wave function-based multireference methods including static and dynamic electron correlations have been employed to investigate the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters. Here, we report exceptionally large magnetic anisotropy for a 5d complex of [WCp2]0 with the highest energy barrier that is nearly twice as high as the previous record value for the Co complex. We have also observed that the axial ZFS parameter (D) is increasing down the group in the order of 3d < 4d < 5d, pertaining to a large SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Nain
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Aritra Mukhopadhyaya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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4
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Goodwin CP, Adams RW, Gaunt AJ, Hanson SK, Janicke MT, Kaltsoyannis N, Liddle ST, May I, Miller JL, Scott BL, Seed JA, Whitehead GFS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene to Actinide d-Based π-bonding Correlates with Observed Metal-Carbene Bond Length Shortening Versus Lanthanide Congeners. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10367-10380. [PMID: 38569081 PMCID: PMC11029940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Comparison of bonding and electronic structural features between trivalent lanthanide (Ln) and actinide (An) complexes across homologous series' of molecules can provide insights into subtle and overt periodic trends. Of keen interest and debate is the extent to which the valence f- and d-orbitals of trivalent Ln/An ions engage in covalent interactions with different ligand donor functionalities and, crucially, how bonding differences change as both the Ln and An series are traversed. Synthesis and characterization (SC-XRD, NMR, UV-vis-NIR, and computational modeling) of the homologous lanthanide and actinide N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes [M(C5Me5)2(X)(IMe4)] {X = I, M = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, U, Np, Pu; X = Cl, M = Nd; X = I/Cl, M = Nd, Am; and IMe4 = [C(NMeCMe)2]} reveals consistently shorter An-C vs Ln-C distances that do not substantially converge upon reaching Am3+/Nd3+ comparison. Specifically, the difference of 0.064(6) Å observed in the La/U pair is comparable to the 0.062(4) Å difference observed in the Nd/Am pair. Computational analyses suggest that the cause of this unusual observation is rooted in the presence of π-bonding with the valence d-orbital manifold in actinide complexes that is not present in the lanthanide congeners. This is in contrast to other documented cases of shorter An-ligand vs Ln-ligand distances, which are often attributed to increased 5f vs 4f radial diffusivity leading to differences in 4f and 5f orbital bonding involvement. Moreover, in these traditional observations, as the 5f series is traversed, the 5f manifold contracts such that by americium structural studies often find no statistically significant Am3+vs Nd3+ metal-ligand bond length differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad
A. P. Goodwin
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Gaunt
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Susan K. Hanson
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T. Janicke
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Iain May
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Miller
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L. Scott
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, United States
| | - John A. Seed
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - George F. S. Whitehead
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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5
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Chowdhury SR, Goodwin CAP, Vlaisavljevich B. What is the nature of the uranium(iii)-arene bond? Chem Sci 2024; 15:1810-1819. [PMID: 38303954 PMCID: PMC10829017 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexes of the form [U(η6-arene)(BH4)3] where arene = C6H6; C6H5Me; C6H3-1,3,5-R3 (R = Et, iPr, tBu, Ph); C6Me6; and triphenylene (C6H4)3 were investigated towards an understanding of the nature of the uranium-arene interaction. Density functional theory (DFT) shows the interaction energy reflects the interplay between higher energy electron rich π-systems which drive electrostatic contributions, and lower energy electron poor π-systems which give rise to larger orbital contributions. The interaction is weak in all cases, which is consistent with the picture that emerges from a topological analysis of the electron density where metrics indicative of covalency show limited dependence on the nature of the ligand - the interaction is predominantly electrostatic in nature. Complete active space natural orbital analyses reveal low occupancy U-arene π-bonding interactions dominate in all cases, while δ-bonding interactions are only found with high-symmetry and electron-rich C6Me6. Finally, both DFT and multireference calculations on a reduced, formally U(ii), congener, [U(C6Me6)(BH4)3]-, suggests the electronic structure (S = 1 or 2), and hence metal oxidation state, of such a species cannot be deduced from structural features such as arene distortion alone. We show that arene geometry strongly depends on the spin-state of the complex, but that in both spin-states the complex is best described as U(iii) with an arene-centred radical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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6
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Rotermund BM, Mezyk SP, Sperling JM, Beck NB, Wineinger H, Cook AR, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Horne GP. Chemical Kinetics for the Oxidation of Californium(III) Ions with Select Radiation-Induced Inorganic Radicals (Cl 2•- and SO 4•-). J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:590-598. [PMID: 38215218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of transuranic elements increasing in recent years, our understanding of their most basic and inherent radiation chemistry is limited and yet essential for the accurate interpretation of their physical and chemical properties. Here, we explore the transient interactions between trivalent californium ions (Cf 3 + ) and select inorganic radicals arising from the radiolytic decomposition of common anions and functional group constituents, specifically the dichlorine (Cl2•-) and sulfate (SO4•-) radical anions. Chemical kinetics, as measured using integrated electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy techniques, are presented for the reactions of these two oxidizing radicals with Cf 3 + ions. The derived and ionic strength-corrected second-order rate coefficients (k) for these radiation-induced processes are k(Cf 3 + + Cl2•-) = (8.28 ± 0.61) × 105 M-1 s-1 and k(Cf 3 + + SO4•-) = (9.50 ± 0.43) × 108 M-1 s-1 under ambient temperature conditions (22 ± 1 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840-9507, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Nicholas B Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hannah Wineinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Andrew R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho 83415, United States
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7
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Parimi A, Mosher E, Schreckenbach G. Periodic trends in trivalent actinide halides, phosphates, and arsenates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:18035-18044. [PMID: 37987618 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited abundance of the actinide elements, computational methods, for now, remain an exclusive avenue to investigate the periodic trends across the actinide series. As every actinide element can exhibit a +3-oxidation state, we have explored model systems of gas-phase actinide trihalides, phosphates, and arsenates across the series to capture the periodic trends. By doing so, we were able to capture the periodic trends down the halogen series as well, and for the first time we are reporting a study on actinide astatides. Using scalar and spin-orbit relativistic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we have explored the variations in bond lengths, bond angles, and the charges on actinides (An). Despite the use of different sets of ligands, the trends remain similar. The properties of trivalent Pa, U, Np, and Pu are nearly identical; similar ionic radii could be the reason. The actinide elements show a tendency to exhibit a pre-Pu and a post-Cm behaviour, with Am acting as a switch. This could be due to the change in the behaviour from d-f-type to f-filling/d-type at around Pu-Cm in the actinides as already proposed in the previous literature. Bond lengths in the AnX3 increase down the halide series, and the atomic charges decrease on the actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Parimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Emmalee Mosher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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8
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Windorff CJ, Goodwin CAP, Sperling JM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Bai Z, Evans WJ, Huffman ZK, Jeannin R, Long BN, Mills DP, Poe TN, Ziller JW. Stabilization of Pu(IV) in PuBr 4(OPCy 3) 2 and Comparisons with Structurally Similar ThX 4(OPR 3) 2 (R = Cy, Ph) Molecules. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18136-18149. [PMID: 37875401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of a trivalent plutonium halide phosphine oxide compound, e.g., "PuBr3(OPR)3," instead led to the isolation of the tetravalent trans-PuIVBr4(OPCy3)2, PuBr/Cy, compound by spontaneous oxidation of PuIII. The donating nature of phosphine oxides has allowed the isolation and characterization of PuBr/Cy by crystallographic, multinuclear NMR, solid state, and solution phase UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic techniques. The presence of a putative plutonyl(VI) complex formulated as "trans-PuVIO2Br2(OPCy3)2" was also observed spectroscopically and tentatively by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as a cocrystal of PuBr/Cy. A series of trans-ThX4(OPCy3)2 (X = Cl, ThCl/Cy; Br, ThBr/Cy; I, ThI/Cy) complexes were synthesized for comparison to PuBr/Cy. The triphenylphosphine oxide, OPPh3, complexes, trans-AnI4(OPPh3)2 (An = Th, ThI/Ph; U, UI/Ph), were also synthesized for comparison, completing the series trans-UX4(OPPh3)2 (X = Cl, Br, I), UX/Ph. To enable the synthesis of ThI/Cy and ThI/Ph, a new nonaqueous thorium iodide starting material, ThI4(Et2O)2, was synthesized. The syntheses of organic solvent soluble ThI4L2 (L = Et2O, OPCy3, and OPPh3) are the first examples of crystallographically characterized neutral thorium tetraiodide materials beyond binary ThI4. To show the viability of ThI4(Et2O)2 as a starting material for organothorium chemistry, (C5Me4H)3ThI was synthesized and crystallographically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zachary K Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Renaud Jeannin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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9
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Yang Y, Lan Y, Liu Q, Zhu L, Hao X, Zhou J, Yang S, Tian G. A computational study on the coordination modes and electron absorption spectra of the complexes U(iv) with N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-diglycolamide and anions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23947-23954. [PMID: 37577087 PMCID: PMC10413335 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic N,N,N',N'-tetraalkyl-diglycolamides (TRDGAs) are promising extractants for actinides separation in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Usually, in the extracted complexes of actinide and lanthanide ions of various oxidation states, the metal ions are completely surrounded by 2 or 3 TRDGA molecules, and the counter anions do not directly coordinate with them. In contrast, the extracted complexes of U(iv) from different media presenting different absorption spectra indicate that the anions (Cl- and NO3-) are directly involved in the coordination with U(iv) in the first inner sphere. Based on this exceptional observation in solvent extraction, taking the coordination of U(iv) with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-diglycolamide (TMDGA, the smallest analogue of TRDGA) as the research object, we mimic the behaviours of counterions (Cl- and NO3-) and the water molecule during coordination of TMDGA with U(iv), especially combining with the simulation of the absorption spectra. We demonstrate that during the complexing of TMDGA to U(iv), the counterion Cl- will occupy one coordination number in the inner coordination sphere, and NO3- will occupy two by bidentate type; however, the ubiquitous water cannot squeeze in the inner coordination sphere. In addition, the coordination of Cl- and NO3- is proved to favour the extraction with the lower binding energy. Moreover, the simulation of absorption spectra is in good agreement with the observation from experiments, further verifying the aforementioned conclusion. This work in some way will provide guidance to improve the computation methods in research of actinides by mimicking the absorption spectra of actinide ions in different complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Youshi Lan
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Xuan Hao
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Suliang Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Guoxin Tian
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
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10
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Long BN, Beltrán-Leíva MJ, Sperling JM, Poe TN, Celis-Barros C, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Altering the spectroscopy, electronic structure, and bonding of organometallic curium(III) upon coordination of 4,4'-bipyridine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3774. [PMID: 37355669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and electronic characterization of (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) (Cp' = trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) is reported and provides a rare example of curium-carbon bonding. Cp'3Cm displays unexpectedly low energy emission that is quenched upon coordination by 4,4'-bipyridine. Electronic structure calculations on Cp'3Cm and (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) rule out significant differences in the emissive state, rendering 4,4'-bipyridine as the primary quenching agent. Comparisons of (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) with its samarium and gadolinium analogues reveal atypical bonding patterns and electronic features that offer insights into bonding between carbon with f-block metal ions. Here we show the structural characterization of a curium-carbon bond, in addition to the unique electronic properties never before observed in a curium compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - María J Beltrán-Leíva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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11
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Schäfer S, Kaufmann S, Rösch ES, Roesky PW. Divalent metallocenes of the lanthanides - a guideline to properties and reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37183859 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00744d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery in the early 1980s, the soluble divalent metallocenes of lanthanides have become a steadily growing field in organometallic chemistry. The predominant part of the investigation has been performed with samarium, europium, and ytterbium, whereas only a few reports dealing with other rare earth elements were disclosed. Reactions of these metallocenes can be divided into two major categories: (1) formation of Lewis acid-base complexes, in which the oxidation state remains +II; and (2) single electron transfer (SET) reductions with the ultimate formation of Ln(III) complexes. Due to the increasing reducing character from Eu(II) over Yb(II) to Sm(II), the plethora of literature concerning redox reactions revolves around the metallocenes of Sm and Yb. In addition, a few reactivity studies on Nd(II), Dy(II) and mainly Tm(II) metallocenes were published. These compounds are even stronger reducing agents but significantly more difficult to handle. In most cases, the metals are ligated by the versatile pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand: (C5Me5). Other cyclopentadienyl ligands are fully covered but only discussed in detail, if the ligand causes differences in synthesis or reactivity. Thus, the focus lays on three compounds: [(C5Me5)2Sm], [(C5Me5)2Eu] and [(C5Me5)2Yb] and their solvates. We discuss the synthesis and physical properties of divalent lanthanide metallocenes first, followed by an overview of the reactivity rendering the full potential of these versatile reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Esther S Rösch
- Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Karlsruhe, Erzbergerstr. 121, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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12
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Long BN, Sperling JM, Windorff CJ, Huffman ZK, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Expanding Transuranium Organoactinide Chemistry: Synthesis and Characterization of (Cp' 3M) 2(μ-4,4'-bpy) (M = Ce, Np, Pu). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6368-6374. [PMID: 37043631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear, organometallic, transuranium compounds, (Cp'3M)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) (Cp'- = trimethylsilylcyclopentadienide, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, M = Ce, Np, Pu), reported herein provide a rare opportunity to probe the nature of actinide-carbon bonding. Significant splitting of the f-f transitions results from the unusual coordination environment in these complexes and leads to electronic properties that are currently restricted to organoactinide systems. Structural and spectroscopic characterization in the solid state and in solution for (Cp'3M)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) (M = Np, Pu) are reported, and their structural metrics are compared to a cerium analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, PO box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Zachary K Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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13
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Ray D, Oakley MS, Sarkar A, Bai X, Gagliardi L. Theoretical Investigation of Single-Molecule-Magnet Behavior in Mononuclear Dysprosium and Californium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1649-1658. [PMID: 36652606 PMCID: PMC9890484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Early-actinide-based (U, Np, and Pu) single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have yet to show magnetic properties similar to those of highly anisotropic lanthanide-based ones. However, there are not many studies exploring the late-actinides (more than half-filled f shells) as potential candidates for SMM applications. We computationally explored the electronic structure and magnetic properties of a hypothetical Cf(III) complex isostructural to the experimentally synthesized Dy(dbm)3(bpy) complex (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dbm = dibenzoylmethanoate) via multireference methods and compared them to those of the Dy(III) analogue. This study shows that the Cf(III) complex can behave as a SMM and has a greater magnetic susceptibility compared to other experimentally and computationally studied early-actinide-based (U, Np, and Pu) magnetic complexes. However, Cf spontaneously undergoes α-decay and converts to Cm. Thus, we also explored the isostructural Cm(III)-based complex. The computed magnetic susceptibility and g-tensor values show that the Cm(III) complex has poor SMM behavior in comparison to both the Dy(III) and Cf(III) complexes, suggesting that the performance of Cf(III)-based magnets may be affected by α-decay and can explain the poor performance of experimentally studied Cf(III)-based molecular magnets in the literature. Further, this study suggests that the ligand field is dominant in Cf(III), which helps to increase the magnetization blocking barrier by nearly 3 times that of its 4f congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Xiaojing Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States,
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14
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Colla CA, Colliard I, Sawvel AM, Nyman M, Mason HE, Deblonde GJP. Contrasting Trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide Complexation by Polyoxometalates via Solution-State NMR. Inorg Chem 2022; 62:6242-6254. [PMID: 36580490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the solution chemistry and speciation of actinides is inherently difficult due to radioactivity, rarity, and cost constraints, especially for transplutonium elements. In this context, the development of new chelating platforms for actinides and associated spectroscopic techniques is particularly important. In this study, we investigate a relatively overlooked class of chelators for actinide binding, namely, polyoxometalates (POMs). We provide the first NMR measurements on americium-POM and curium-POM complexes, using one-dimensional (1D) 31P NMR, variable-temperature NMR, and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) experiments. The proposed POM-NMR approach allows for the study of trivalent f-elements even when only microgram amounts are available and in phosphate-containing solutions where f-elements are typically insoluble. The solution-state speciation of trivalent americium, curium, plus multiple lanthanide ions (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+), in the presence of the model POM ligand PW11O397- was elucidated and revealed the concurrent formation of two stable complexes, [MIII(PW11O39)(H2O)x]4- and [MIII(PW11O39)2]11-. Interconversion reaction constants, reaction enthalpies, and reaction entropies were derived from the NMR data. The NMR results also provide experimental evidence of the weakly paramagnetic nature of the Am3+ and Cm3+ ions in solution. Furthermore, the study reveals a previously unnoticed periodicity break along the f-element series with the reversal of T1 relaxation times of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes and the preferential formation of the long T1 species for the early lanthanides versus the short T1 species for the late lanthanides, americium, and curium. Given the broad variety of POM ligands that exist, with many of them containing NMR-active nuclei, the combined POM-NMR approach reported here opens a new avenue to investigate difficult-to-study elements such as heavy actinides and other radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Colla
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ian Colliard
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - April M Sawvel
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - Harris E Mason
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
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15
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Wedal JC, Murillo J, Ziller JW, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Evans WJ. Synthesis of Trimethyltriazacyclohexane (Me 3tach) Sandwich Complexes of Uranium, Neptunium, and Plutonium Triiodides: (Me 3tach) 2AnI 3. Inorg Chem 2022; 62:5897-5905. [PMID: 36576312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (Me3tach) readily complexes uranium triiodide to form (Me3tach)2UI3. The complex is soluble in THF and arenes and can function as a source of UI3 to form organometallic U(III) complexes. When dissolved in pyridine (py), (Me3tach)2UI3 forms (Me3tach)UI3(py)2. A related complex with the larger 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) ligand, namely (Me3tacn)UI3(THF), was synthesized for comparison. Since X-ray quality crystals of (Me3tach)2UI3 can be synthesized in high yield even with small-scale reactions, the system is ideal for extension to transuranium elements. Accordingly, the neptunium and plutonium complexes (Me3tach)2NpI3 and (Me3tach)2PuI3 were synthesized in an analogous manner from NpI3(THF)4 and PuI3(THF)4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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16
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Tetramethylcyclopentadienyl Samarium(II) Metallocene Chemistry: Isolation of a Bimetallic Sm(II)/Sm(II) Complex. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The salt metathesis reaction between one equivalent of SmI2(THF)2 and two equivalents of K(C5Me4H) in THF afforded single crystals of the unusual, toluene-soluble, and asymmetric bimetallic Sm(II)/Sm(II) complex, (C5Me4H)2SmII(μ-η3:η5-C5Me4H)SmII(C5Me4H)(THF)2, instead of the expected product, (C5Me4H)2SmII(THF)2. The toluene-insoluble products of this reaction can be worked up in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) to provide X-ray quality crystals of the monomeric Sm(II) metallocene, (C5Me4H)2SmII(DME). (C5Me4H)2SmII(DME) can also be synthesized directly by the reaction between one equivalent of SmI2(THF)2 and two equivalents of K(C5Me4H) in neat DME. The isolation and characterization of the bimetallic Sm(II)/Sm(II) complex provides supporting evidence for the possible oligomerization that may occur during the synthesis of Sm(II) complexes with cyclopentadienyl ligands that are less sterically bulky and less solubilizing than (C5Me5)1−.
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17
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Colliard I, Lee JRI, Colla CA, Mason HE, Sawvel AM, Zavarin M, Nyman M, Deblonde GJP. Polyoxometalates as ligands to synthesize, isolate and characterize compounds of rare isotopes on the microgram scale. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1357-1366. [PMID: 36050378 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and study of radioactive compounds are both inherently limited by their toxicity, cost and isotope scarcity. Traditional methods using small inorganic or organic complexes typically require milligrams of sample-per attempt-which for some isotopes is equivalent to the world's annual supply. Here we demonstrate that polyoxometalates (POMs) enable the facile formation, crystallization, handling and detailed characterization of metal-ligand complexes from microgram quantities owing to their high molecular weight and controllable solubility properties. Three curium-POM complexes were prepared, using just 1-10 μg per synthesis of the rare isotope 248Cm3+, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing an eight-coordinated Cm3+ centre. Moreover, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, NMR and Raman analyses of several f-block element-POM complexes, including 243Am3+ and 248Cm3+, showed otherwise unnoticeable differences between their solution versus solid-state chemistry, and actinide versus lanthanide behaviour. This POM-driven strategy represents a viable path to isolate even rarer complexes, notably with actinium or transcalifornium elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Colliard
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Lee
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Colla
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Harris E Mason
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - April M Sawvel
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Mavrik Zavarin
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
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18
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Conrad A. P. Goodwin. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Neve F. Chemistry of superheavy transition metals. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2084394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Neve
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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20
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Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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21
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Goodwin CAP, Janicke MT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ. [AnI 3(THF) 4] (An = Np, Pu) Preparation Bypassing An 0 Metal Precursors: Access to Np 3+/Pu 3+ Nonaqueous and Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20680-20696. [PMID: 34854294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct comparison of homologous molecules provides a foundation from which to elucidate both subtle and patent changes in reactivity patterns, redox processes, and bonding properties across a series of elements. While trivalent molecular U chemistry is richly developed, analogous Np or Pu research has long been hindered by synthetic routes often requiring scarcely available metallic-phase source material, high-temperature solid-state reactions producing poorly soluble binary halides, or the use of pyrophoric reagents. The development of routes to nonaqueous Np3+/Pu3+ from widely available precursors can potentially transform the scope and pace of research into actinide periodicity. Here, aqueous stocks of An4+ (An = Np, Pu) are dehydrated to well-defined [AnCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), and then a single-step halide exchange/reduction employing Me3SiI produces [AnI3(THF)4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a high to nearly quantitative crystalline yield (with I2 and Me3SiCl as easily removed byproducts). We demonstrate the synthetic utility of these An-iodide molecules, prepared by metal0-free routes, through characterization of archetypal complexes including the tris-silylamide, [Np{N(SiMe3)2}3], and bent metallocenes, [An(C5Me5)2(I)(THF)] (An = Np, Pu)─chosen because both motifs are ubiquitous in Th, U, and lanthanide research. The synthesis of [Np{N(Se═PPh2)2}3] is also reported, completing an isomorphous series that now extends from U to Am and is the first characterized Np3+-Se bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T Janicke
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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