1
|
Wang S, Wang K, Song K, Lai ZW, Li P, Li D, Sun Y, Mei Y, Xu C, Liao M. Structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis efflux pump EfpA reveal the mechanisms of transport and inhibition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7710. [PMID: 39231991 PMCID: PMC11375168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Here we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.3. Three lipids inside EfpA span from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the membrane. BRD-8000.3 occupies one lipid site at the level of inner membrane leaflet, competitively inhibiting lipid binding. EfpA resembles the related lysophospholipid transporter MFSD2A in both overall structure and lipid binding sites and may function as a lipid flippase. Combining AlphaFold-predicted EfpA structure, which is inward-open, we propose a complete conformational transition cycle for EfpA. Together, our results provide a structural and mechanistic foundation to comprehend EfpA function and develop EfpA-targeting anti-TB drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, Waltham, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Single Particle, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cryo-electron microscopy center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Travaglio Morales D, Kreissl MC, Fischer F, Heinzel A. Apparently Benign 131I Adrenal Uptake. Clin Nucl Med 2024:00003072-990000000-01239. [PMID: 39093045 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 60-year-old man suffering from papillary thyroid cancer (pT2 pN0(0/21) cM0) underwent diagnostic 131I whole-body scintigraphy with recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone for follow-up after thyroidectomy and adjuvant 131I therapy with 4.2 GBq. A focal uptake of radioiodine was found in the right adrenal gland, which had not been seen on the initial posttherapeutic images; therefore, an adrenal metastasis was suspected. However, the diagnostic workup including contrast-enhanced MRI as well as endocrine laboratory tests indicated a benign etiology showcasing a very rare case of false-positive radioiodine uptake in the adrenal gland. The imaging follow-up after 1 year showed no significant changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Kreissl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- From the Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale)
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- From the Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian R, Zhang Y, Kang H, Zhang F, Jin Z, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhou X, Lanyon JM, Sneath HL, Woolford L, Fan G, Li S, Seim I. Sirenian genomes illuminate the evolution of fully aquatic species within the mammalian superorder afrotheria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5568. [PMID: 38956050 PMCID: PMC11219930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirenians of the superorder Afrotheria were the first mammals to transition from land to water and are the only herbivorous marine mammals. Here, we generated a chromosome-level dugong (Dugong dugon) genome. A comparison of our assembly with other afrotherian genomes reveals possible molecular adaptations to aquatic life by sirenians, including a shift in daily activity patterns (circadian clock) and tolerance to a high-iodine plant diet mediated through changes in the iodide transporter NIS (SLC5A5) and its co-transporters. Functional in vitro assays confirm that sirenian amino acid substitutions alter the properties of the circadian clock protein PER2 and NIS. Sirenians show evidence of convergent regression of integumentary system (skin and its appendages) genes with cetaceans. Our analysis also uncovers gene losses that may be maladaptive in a modern environment, including a candidate gene (KCNK18) for sirenian cold stress syndrome likely lost during their evolutionary shift in daily activity patterns. Genomes from nine Australian locations and the functionally extinct Okinawan population confirm and date a genetic break ~10.7 thousand years ago on the Australian east coast and provide evidence of an associated ecotype, and highlight the need for whole-genome resequencing data from dugong populations worldwide for conservation and genetic management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- BGI Research, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics BGI Research, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hui Kang
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- The Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals, and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Jin
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- BGI Research, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Janet M Lanyon
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Helen L Sneath
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI Research, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics BGI Research, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Songhai Li
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
- The Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals, and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorini F, Tonacci A. Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1762. [PMID: 38892695 PMCID: PMC11174782 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents a public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to the recent improvement of screening programs, leading to the detection of silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated due to common risk factors, including genetic setting, changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and deficiency of nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed the current evidence on the pivotal role of vitamin D in modulating both gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune system dysfunction, shedding light on the possible relevance of an adequate intake of this nutrient in the primary prevention of AITD and CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper vitamin D supplementation could be attractive in the context of personalized medicine, several issues remain to be defined, including standardized assays for vitamin D determination, timely recommendations on vitamin D intake for immune system functioning, and longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to definitely establish a causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of AITD and CeD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu Y, Gao Y, Huang B, Bai Q, Zhao Y. Transport mechanism of presynaptic high-affinity choline uptake by CHT1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:701-709. [PMID: 38589607 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Choline is a vital nutrient and a precursor for the biosynthesis of essential metabolites, including acetylcholine (ACh), that play a central role in fetal development, especially in the brain. In cholinergic neurons, the high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1) provides an extraordinarily efficient reuptake mechanism to reutilize choline derived from intrasynaptical ACh hydrolysis and maintain ACh synthesis in the presynapse. Here, we determined structures of human CHT1 in three discrete states: the outward-facing state bound with the competitive inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (HC-3); the inward-facing occluded state bound with the substrate choline; and the inward-facing apo open state. Our structures and functional characterizations elucidate how the inhibitor and substrate are recognized. Moreover, our findings shed light on conformational changes when transitioning from an outward-facing to an inward-facing state and establish a framework for understanding the transport cycle, which relies on the stabilization of the outward-facing state by a short intracellular helix, IH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qinru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lechner MG, Brent GA. A New Twist on a Classic: Enhancing Radioiodine Uptake in Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1220-1222. [PMID: 38197869 PMCID: PMC10984766 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Advanced differentiated thyroid cancer that is resistant to radioactive iodine therapy may become responsive with a unique treatment combination of chloroquine and vorinostat. This treatment was demonstrated in cellular and animal models of thyroid cancer to inhibit endocytosis of the plasma membrane-bound iodine transporter, NIS, and restore iodine uptake. See related article by Read et al., p. 1352.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Landa I, Cabanillas ME. Genomic alterations in thyroid cancer: biological and clinical insights. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:93-110. [PMID: 38049644 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumours can arise from thyroid follicular cells if they acquire driver mutations that constitutively activate the MAPK signalling pathway. In addition, a limited set of additional mutations in key genes drive tumour progression towards more aggressive and less differentiated disease. Unprecedented insights into thyroid tumour biology have come from the breadth of thyroid tumour sequencing data from patients and the wide range of mutation-specific mechanisms identified in experimental models, in combination with the genomic simplicity of thyroid cancers. This knowledge is gradually being translated into refined strategies to stratify, manage and treat patients with thyroid cancer. This Review summarizes the biological underpinnings of the genetic alterations involved in thyroid cancer initiation and progression. We also provide a rationale for and discuss specific examples of how to implement genomic information to inform both recommended and investigational approaches to improve thyroid cancer prognosis, redifferentiation strategies and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Landa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Drew D, Boudker O. Ion and lipid orchestration of secondary active transport. Nature 2024; 626:963-974. [PMID: 38418916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Transporting small molecules across cell membranes is an essential process in cell physiology. Many structurally diverse, secondary active transporters harness transmembrane electrochemical gradients of ions to power the uptake or efflux of nutrients, signalling molecules, drugs and other ions across cell membranes. Transporters reside in lipid bilayers on the interface between two aqueous compartments, where they are energized and regulated by symported, antiported and allosteric ions on both sides of the membrane and the membrane bilayer itself. Here we outline the mechanisms by which transporters couple ion and solute fluxes and discuss how structural and mechanistic variations enable them to meet specific physiological needs and adapt to environmental conditions. We then consider how general bilayer properties and specific lipid binding modulate transporter activity. Together, ion gradients and lipid properties ensure the effective transport, regulation and distribution of small molecules across cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Drew
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olga Boudker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Wang K, Song K, Li P, Li D, Sun Y, Mei Y, Xu C, Liao M. Structures of the essential efflux pump EfpA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal the mechanisms of substrate transport and small-molecule inhibition. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3740027. [PMID: 38260587 PMCID: PMC10802681 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3740027/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Herein we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.3. Three lipids inside EfpA span from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the membrane. BRD-8000.3 occupies one lipid site at the level of inner membrane leaflet, competitively inhibiting lipid binding. EfpA resembles the related lysophospholipid transporter MFSD2A in both overall structure and lipid binding sites, and may function as a lipid flippase. Combining AlphaFold-predicted EfpA structure, which is inward-open, we propose a complete conformational transition cycle for EfpA. Together, our results provide a structural and mechanistic foundation to comprehend EfpA function and develop EfpA-targeting anti-TB drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Single Particle, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Cryo-electron microscopy center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Present address: Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Williams GR. Year in Thyroidology: Basic Science. Thyroid 2024; 34:10-13. [PMID: 37885215 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Qiu L, Xu S, Cheng X, Wu J, Wang Y, Gao W, Bao J, Yu H. Curcumin induces mitophagy by promoting mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and sensitizes human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells to radioiodine treatment. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105669. [PMID: 37634662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment is based on the ability of thyroid follicular cells to accumulate radioactive iodide (RAI). DTC generally has a good prognosis. However, tumor dedifferentiation or defect in certain cell death mechanism occurs in a subset of DTC patients, leading to RAI resistance. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic approaches that enhance RAI sensitivity are still warranted. We found that curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric with anti-cancer properties, rapidly accumulated in the mitochondria of thyroid cancer cells but not normal epithelial cells. Curcumin treatment triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization, engulfment of mitochondria within autophagosomes and a robust decrease in mitochondrial mass and proteins, indicating that curcumin selectively induced mitophagy in thyroid cancer cells. In addition, curcumin-induced mitophagic cell death and its synergistic cytotoxic effect with radioiodine could be attenuated by autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Interestingly, the mechanism of mitophagy-inducing potential of curcumin was its unique mitochondria-targeting property, which induced a burst of SDH activity and excessive ROS production. Our data suggest that curcumin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers lethal mitophagy, which synergizes with radioiodine to kill thyroid cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; School of Life science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- School of Life science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh P, Parida GK, Singhal T, Kumar P, Emerson R, Agrawal K. False-Positive Radioiodine Uptake in the Cervix in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer. Indian J Nucl Med 2023; 38:270-272. [PMID: 38046958 PMCID: PMC10693371 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_34_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) accumulation is commonly used for the detection of metastatic disease posttotal thyroidectomy. However, false-positive results have been reported due to abnormal RAI accumulation in some benign pathologies apart from metastatic sites. Here, we present one such case where false-positive I-131 uptake in the pelvis which localized to the cervix and was attributed to menstruation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Girish Kumar Parida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tejasvini Singhal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pramit Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ralph Emerson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kanhaiyalal Agrawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui W, Niu Y, Sun Z, Liu R, Chen L. Structures of human SGLT in the occluded state reveal conformational changes during sugar transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2920. [PMID: 37217492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters (SGLT) mediate the uphill uptake of extracellular sugars and play fundamental roles in sugar metabolism. Although their structures in inward-open and outward-open conformations are emerging from structural studies, the trajectory of how SGLTs transit from the outward-facing to the inward-facing conformation remains unknown. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of human SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the substrate-bound state. Both structures show an occluded conformation, with not only the extracellular gate but also the intracellular gate tightly sealed. The sugar substrate are caged inside a cavity surrounded by TM1, TM2, TM3, TM6, TM7, and TM10. Further structural analysis reveals the conformational changes associated with the binding and release of substrates. These structures fill a gap in our understanding of the structural mechanisms of SGLT transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yange Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zejian Sun
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phan LX, Chamorro VC, Martinez-Seara H, Crain J, Sansom MSP, Tucker SJ. Influence of electronic polarization on the binding of anions to a chloride-pumping rhodopsin. Biophys J 2023; 122:1548-1556. [PMID: 36945777 PMCID: PMC10147828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional properties of some biological ion channels and membrane transport proteins are proposed to exploit anion-hydrophobic interactions. Here, we investigate a chloride-pumping rhodopsin as an example of a membrane protein known to contain a defined anion binding site composed predominantly of hydrophobic residues. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we explore Cl- binding to this hydrophobic site and compare the dynamics arising when electronic polarization is neglected (CHARMM36 [c36] fixed-charge force field), included implicitly (via the prosECCo force field), or included explicitly (through the polarizable force field, AMOEBA). Free energy landscapes of Cl- moving out of the binding site and into bulk solution demonstrate that the inclusion of polarization results in stronger ion binding and a second metastable binding site in chloride-pumping rhodopsin. Simulations focused on this hydrophobic binding site also indicate longer binding durations and closer ion proximity when polarization is included. Furthermore, simulations reveal that Cl- within this binding site interacts with an adjacent loop to facilitate rebinding events that are not observed when polarization is neglected. These results demonstrate how the inclusion of polarization can influence the behavior of anions within protein binding sites and can yield results comparable with more accurate and computationally demanding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Phan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victor Cruces Chamorro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hector Martinez-Seara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jason Crain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chakrabarti M, Amzel LM, Lau AY. Sodium/Iodide Symporter Metastable Intermediates Provide Insights into Conformational Transition between Principal Thermodynamic States. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1540-1551. [PMID: 36758032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS), a 13-helix transmembrane protein found in the thyroid and other tissues, transports iodide, a required constituent of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Despite extensive experimental information and clinical data, structural details of the intermediate microstates comprising the conformational transition of NIS between its inwardly and outwardly open states remain unresolved. We present data from a combination of enhanced sampling and transition path molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that elucidate the principal intermediate states comprising the inwardly to outwardly open transition of fully bound and apo NIS under an enforced ionic gradient. Our findings suggest that in both the absence and presence of bound physiological ions, NIS principally occupies a proximally inward to inwardly open state. When fully bound, NIS is also found to occupy a rare "inwardly occluded" state. The results of this work provide novel insight into the populations of NIS intermediates and the free energy landscape comprising the conformational transition, adding to a mechanistic understanding of NIS ion transport. Moreover, the knowledge gained from this approach can serve as a basis for studies of NIS mutants to target therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Chakrabarti
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., PO Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Albert Y Lau
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selenium, Iodine and Iron-Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043393. [PMID: 36834802 PMCID: PMC9967593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed thyroid hormone status such as autoimmune thyroid disease and metabolic disorders. Iodide is accumulated by the sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, and oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin by the hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, which requires local H2O2 as cofactor. The latter is generated by the dual oxidase system organized as 'thyroxisome' at the surface of the apical membrane facing the colloidal lumen of the thyroid follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed in thyrocytes defend the follicular structure and function against life-long exposure to H2O2 and reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. The pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion and regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation and function. Worldwide deficiencies of nutritional iodine, selenium and iron supply and the resulting endemic diseases are preventable with educational, societal and political measures.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nicola JP, LaRocca CJ. Sodium iodide symporter-targeted gene therapy in glioblastoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:44-45. [PMID: 36654785 PMCID: PMC9827349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Nicola
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Research Center - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina,Corresponding author: Juan Pablo Nicola, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Christopher J. LaRocca
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Corresponding author: Christopher J. LaRocca, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|