1
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Hu W, Li M, Xiong W, Zhou S, Zou Q, Lü JT, Tian H, Guo X. Real-Time Direct Monitoring of Chirality Fixation and Recognition at the Single-Molecule Level. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17765-17772. [PMID: 38902874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, a fundamental attribute of nature, significantly influences a wide range of phenomena related to physical properties, chemical reactions, biological pharmacology, and so on. As a pivotal aspect of chirality research, chirality recognition contributes to the synthesis of complex chiral products from simple chiral compounds and exhibits intricate interplay between chiral materials. However, macroscopic detection technologies cannot unveil the dynamic process and intrinsic mechanisms of single-molecule chirality recognition. Herein, we present a single-molecule detection platform based on graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions to measure the chirality recognition involving interactions between amines and chiral alcohols. This approach leads to the realization of in situ and real-time direct observation of chirality recognition at the single-molecule level, demonstrating that chiral alcohols exhibit compelling potential to induce the formation of the corresponding chiral configuration of molecules. The amalgamation of theoretical analyses with experimental findings reveals a synergistic action between electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance effects in the chirality recognition process, thus substantiating the microscopic mechanism governing the chiral structure-activity relationship. These studies open up a pathway for exploring novel chiral phenomena from the fundamental limits of chemistry, such as chiral origin and chiral amplification, and offer important insights into the precise synthesis of chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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2
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Mészáros BB, Kubicskó K, Németh DD, Daru J. Emerging Conformational-Analysis Protocols from the RTCONF55-16K Reaction Thermochemistry Conformational Benchmark Set. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38899777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
RTCONF55-16K is a new, reactive conformational data set based on cost-efficient methods to assess different conformational analysis protocols. Our reference calculations underpinned the accuracy of the CENSO (Grimme et al. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2021, 125, 4039) procedure and resulted in alternative recipes with different cost-accuracy compromises. Our general-purpose and economical protocols (CENSO-light and zero, respectively) were found to be 10-30 times faster than the original algorithm, adding only 0.4-0.7 kcal/mol absolute error to the relative free energy estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Balázs Mészáros
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Kubicskó
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Dorián Németh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Daru
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Hu XT, Cheng QY, Chen YP, Li K, Yan CX, Li D, Shao LD. Hydroxymethylation hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene through a catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction: cyclization logic and access to brazilin core. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38740677 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction for hydroxymethylation and hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene was successfully utilized to prepare various 1,3-dioxanes 7 in 14-88% yields. Take advantage of the synthetic intermediate 7h, the key B/C rings in brazilin core could be constructed by the sequential of Friedel-Crafts/Ullmann-Ma rather than Ullmann-Ma/Friedel-Crafts reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ting Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qing-Yan Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cai-Xian Yan
- Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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4
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Chen J, Xia Y, Ling Y, Liu X, Li S, Yin X, Zhang L, Liang M, Yan YM, Zheng Q, Chen W, Guo YJ, Yuan EH, Hu G, Zhou X, Wang L. Zn Single-Atom Catalysts Enable the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of α ,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5197-5205. [PMID: 38634879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Highly active nonprecious-metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) toward catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are of great significance but still are deficient. Herein, we report that Zn-N-C SACs containing Zn-N3 moieties can catalyze the conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with a conversion of 95.5% and selectivity of 95.4% under a mild temperature and atmospheric pressure, which is the first case of Zn-species-based heterogeneous catalysts for the CTH reaction. Isotopic labeling, in situ FT-IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations indicate that reactants, coabsorbed at the Zn sites, proceed CTH via a "Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley" mechanism. DFT calculations also reveal that the high activity over Zn-N3 moieties stems from the suitable adsorption energy and favorable reaction energy of the rate-determining step at the Zn active sites. Our findings demonstrate that Zn-N-C SACs hold extraordinary activity toward CTH reactions and thus provide a promising approach to explore the advanced SACs for high-value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy and Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Hui Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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5
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Guo X, Xu G, Yang R, Wang Q. Specific Discrimination Polymerization for Highly Isotactic Polyesters Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9084-9095. [PMID: 38428016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Isotactic polymers have emerged with unique and excellent properties in material sciences. Specific discrimination polymerization provides an ideal pathway to achieve highly isotactic polymers from their racemic monomers, which is of great significance and a challenge in polymeric chemistry. Although an enantioselective catalyst-mediated asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP) process makes it possible, a general and well-defined strategy for catalyst design is still rarely reported. Here, based on a novel dual-ligand strategy, a new type of chiral (BisSalen)Al complex with high enantioselectivity has been described, in which perfect AKRP of racemic phenethylglycolide (Pegl) is achieved for the first time. The more confined asymmetric microenvironment formed by a dual ligand is the key to improve the enantioselectivity of the original catalyst. To illustrate the generality of this strategy, a series of (BisSalen)Al complexes with homo- or heterodual ligands were designed for the AKRP of Pegl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Li WC, Meng H, Ming J, Chen S. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition to 4- or 5-Carbonyl-cycloenones through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Cannabidiol. Org Lett 2024; 26:1364-1369. [PMID: 38358273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of 4/5-carbonyl-cycloalkenone 1 or its achiral isomer 1' with organoboronic acid 2 in the presence of a chiral diene (S,S)-Fc-tfb-rhodium catalyst gave disubstituted trans-cycloalkanone 3 with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. This highly efficient dynamic kinetic resolution is achieved by fast racemization of 1 through the formation of a dienolate followed by kinetic resolution with the chiral catalyst. The utility is demonstrated by the synthesis of key intermediates en route to (-)-cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - He Meng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jialin Ming
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
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7
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Cocco E, Iapadre D, Brusa A, Allegrini P, Thomas SP, Pesciaioli F, Carlone A. Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction to unlock an 8-step synthesis of 7-hydroxy cannabidiol. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2741-2744. [PMID: 38229717 PMCID: PMC10790624 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of 7-hydroxy cannabidiol (7-OH CBD), a primary metabolite of (-)-cannabidiol (CBD), is highly desirable, from an industrial point of view, to enable future clinical trials. A Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction was key to enable a mild deprotection and a concise synthesis of 7-OH CBD from commercially available CBD, in 31% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cocco
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy https://www.carloneresearch.eu/
| | - Debora Iapadre
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy https://www.carloneresearch.eu/
| | - Alessandro Brusa
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy https://www.carloneresearch.eu/
| | | | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy https://www.carloneresearch.eu/
| | - Armando Carlone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy https://www.carloneresearch.eu/
- INSTM, Consorzio Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali RU L'Aquila Italy
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8
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Gao P, Yan W, Shen J, Luo X, Keasling JD. Development of an efficient yeast platform for cannabigerolic acid biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2023; 80:232-240. [PMID: 37890610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are important therapeutical molecules for human ailments, cancer treatment, and SARS-CoV-2. The central cannabinoid, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), is generated from geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid by Cannabis sativa prenyltransferase (CsPT4). Despite efforts to engineer microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for CBGA production, their titers remain suboptimal because of the low conversion of hexanoate into olivetolic acid and the limited activity and stability of the CsPT4. To address the low hexanoate conversion, we eliminated hexanoate consumption by the beta-oxidation pathway and reduced its incorporation into fatty acids. To address CsPT4 limitations, we expanded the endoplasmic reticulum and fused an auxiliary protein to CsPT4. Consequently, the engineered S. cerevisiae chassis showed a marked improvement of 78.64-fold in CBGA production, reaching a titer of 510.32 ± 10.70 mg l-1 from glucose and hexanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiulong Guo
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - PeiZhen Gao
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Junfeng Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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9
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Hasegawa S, Nakamura K, Soga K, Usui K, Manaka Y, Motokura K. Concerted Hydrosilylation Catalysis by Silica-Immobilized Cyclic Carbonates and Surface Silanols. JACS AU 2023; 3:2692-2697. [PMID: 37885589 PMCID: PMC10598827 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing a method for creating a novel catalysis of organic molecules is essential because of the growing interest in organocatalysis. In this study, we found that cyclic carbonates immobilized on a nonporous or mesoporous silica support showed catalytic activity for hydrosilylation, which was not observed for the free cyclic carbonates, silica supports, or their physical mixture. Analysis of the effects of linker lengths and pore sizes on the catalytic activity and carbonate C=O stretching frequency revealed that the proximity of carbonates and surface silanols was crucial for synergistic hydrosilylation catalysis. A carbonate and silanol concertedly activated the silane and aldehyde for efficient hydride transfer. Density functional theory calculations on a model reaction system demonstrated that both the carbonate and silanol contributed to the stabilization of the transition state of hydride transfer, which resulted in a reasonable barrier height of 16.8 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, SiO2/carbonate(C4) enabled the hydrosilylation of an aldehyde with an amino group without catalyst poisoning, owing to the weak acidity of surface silanols, in sharp contrast to previously developed acid catalysts. This study demonstrates that immobilization on a solid support can convert inactive organic molecules into active and heterogeneous organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hasegawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kosuke Soga
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Usui
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- Renewable
Energy Research Center, National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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10
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Millimaci AM, Trilles RV, McNeely J, Brown LE, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Synthesis of Neocannabinoids Using Controlled Friedel-Crafts Reactions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13135-13141. [PMID: 37657122 PMCID: PMC10696561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A one-step transformation to produce 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol (H2CBD) and related "neocannabinoids" via controlled Friedel-Crafts reactions is reported. Experimental and computational studies probing the mechanism of neocannabinoid synthesis from cyclic allylic alcohol and substituted resorcinol reaction partners provide understanding of the kinetic and thermodynamic factors driving regioselectivity for the reaction. Herein, we present the reaction scope for neocannabinoid synthesis including the production of both normal and abnormal isomers under both kinetic and thermodynamic control. Discovery and optimization of this one-step protocol between various allylic alcohols and resorcinol derivatives are discussed and supported with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard V. Trilles
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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11
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Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM. Synthetic Pathways to Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids as Promising Molecules to Develop Novel Antibiotics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1889. [PMID: 37514074 PMCID: PMC10384972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens against which current antibiotics are no longer functioning, severe infections are becoming practically untreatable. Consequently, the discovery of new classes of effective antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism of action is becoming increasingly urgent. The bioactivity of Cannabis sativa, an herbaceous plant used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes, is mainly due to its content in phytocannabinoids (PCs). Among the 180 PCs detected, cannabidiol (CBD), Δ8 and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) and some of their acidic precursors have demonstrated from moderate to potent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs 0.5-8 µg/mL), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), epidemic MRSA (EMRSA), as well as fluoroquinolone and tetracycline-resistant strains. Particularly, the non-psychotropic CBG was also capable to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation, to eradicate even mature biofilms, and to rapidly eliminate MRSA persiter cells. In this scenario, CBG, as well as other minor non-psychotropic PCs, such as CBD, and CBC could represent promising compounds for developing novel antibiotics with high therapeutic potential. Anyway, further studies are necessary, needing abundant quantities of such PCs, scarcely provided naturally by Cannabis plants. Here, after an extensive overture on cannabinoids including their reported antimicrobial effects, aiming at easing the synthetic production of the necessary amounts of CBG, CBC and CBD for further studies, we have, for the first time, systematically reviewed the synthetic pathways utilized for their synthesis, reporting both reaction schemes and experimental details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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