1
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Lin M, Xiong Z, Cao H. Bridging classical nucleation theory and molecular dynamics simulation for homogeneous ice nucleation. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:084504. [PMID: 39206829 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Water freezing, initiated by ice nucleation, occurs widely in nature, ranging from cellular to global phenomena. Ice nucleation has been experimentally proven to require the formation of a critical ice nucleus, consistent with classical nucleation theory (CNT). However, the accuracy of CNT quantitative predictions of critical cluster sizes and nucleation rates has never been verified experimentally. In this study, we circumvent this difficulty by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The physical properties of water/ice for CNT predictions, including density, chemical potential difference, and diffusion coefficient, are independently obtained using MD simulation, whereas the calculation of interfacial free energy is based on thermodynamic assumptions of CNT, including capillarity approximation among others. The CNT predictions are compared to the MD evaluations of brute-force simulations and forward flux sampling methods. We find that the CNT and MD predicted critical cluster sizes are consistent, and the CNT predicted nucleation rates are higher than the MD predicted values within three orders of magnitude. We also find that the ice crystallized from supercooled water is stacking-disordered ice with a stacking of cubic and hexagonal ices in four representative types of stacking. The prediction discrepancies in nucleation rate mainly arise from the stacking-disordered ice structure, the asphericity of ice cluster, the uncertainty of ice-water interfacial free energy, and the kinetic attachment rate. Our study establishes a relation between CNT and MD to predict homogeneous ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewen Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wu J, Zhang X, Nan P, Wang P, Sun D, Wang Y, Zhu J, Ge B, Francisco JS. Direct Visualization of Molecular Stacking in Quasi-2D Hexagonal Ice. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23598-23605. [PMID: 39165248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding ice nucleation and growth is of great interest to researchers due to its importance in the biological, cryopreservation, and environmental fields. However, microstructural investigations of ice on the molecular scale are still lacking. In this paper, a simple method is proposed to prepare quasi-2-dimensional ice Ih films, which have been characterized via cryogenic transmission electron microscope. The intersecting stacking faults of basal (BSF) and prismatic (PSF) types have been directly visualized and resolved with a notable first-time report of PSF in ice Ih. Moreover, the possible growth pathways of BSF, namely, the Ic phase, were elucidated by the theoretical calculations and the chair conformation of H2O molecules. This study offers valuable insights that can enhance researchers' understanding of the growth kinetics of crystalline ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate, Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate, Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Nan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate, Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate, Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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3
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Dawod I, Patra K, Cardoch S, Jönsson HO, Sellberg JA, Martin AV, Binns J, Grånäs O, Mancuso AP, Caleman C, Timneanu N. Theoretical Studies of Anisotropic Melting of Ice Induced by Ultrafast Nonthermal Heating. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:385-392. [PMID: 39069981 PMCID: PMC11274275 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Water and ice are routinely studied with X-rays to reveal their diverse structures and anomalous properties. We employ a hybrid collisional-radiative/molecular-dynamics method to explore how femtosecond X-ray pulses interact with hexagonal ice. We find that ice makes a phase transition into a crystalline plasma where its initial structure is maintained up to tens of femtoseconds. The ultrafast melting process occurs anisotropically, where different geometric configurations of the structure melt on different time scales. The transient state and anisotropic melting of crystals can be captured by X-ray diffraction, which impacts any study of crystalline structures probed by femtosecond X-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dawod
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, DE-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Kajwal Patra
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Cardoch
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Olof Jönsson
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Sellberg
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew V. Martin
- School
of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jack Binns
- School
of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Oscar Grånäs
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, DE-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Möller J, Schottelius A, Caresana M, Boesenberg U, Kim C, Dallari F, Ezquerra TA, Fernández JM, Gelisio L, Glaesener A, Goy C, Hallmann J, Kalinin A, Kurta RP, Lapkin D, Lehmkühler F, Mambretti F, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Trinter F, Vartaniants IA, Zozulya A, Galli DE, Grübel G, Madsen A, Caupin F, Grisenti RE. Crystal Nucleation in Supercooled Atomic Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206102. [PMID: 38829060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that is difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the transition is the formation of a critical seed of the crystalline phase in a supercooled liquid, that is, a liquid in a metastable state below the melting temperature. This stochastic process is commonly described within the framework of classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests of the theory in atomic and molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from microscopic liquid jets to study crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids of the rare gases argon and krypton. Our results provide stringent limits to the validity of classical nucleation theory in atomic liquids, and offer the long-sought possibility of testing nonclassical extensions of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Schottelius
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michele Caresana
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Chan Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Glaesener
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ruslan P Kurta
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Mambretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Davide E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frédéric Caupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Robert E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Deck LT, Shardt N, El-Bakouri I, Isenrich FN, Marcolli C, deMello AJ, Mazzotti M. Monitoring Aqueous Sucrose Solutions Using Droplet Microfluidics: Ice Nucleation, Growth, Glass Transition, and Melting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6304-6316. [PMID: 38494636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Freezing and freeze-drying processes are commonly used to extend the shelf life of drug products and to ensure their safety and efficacy upon use. When designing a freezing process, it is beneficial to characterize multiple physicochemical properties of the formulation, such as nucleation rate, crystal growth rate, temperature and concentration of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution, and melting point. Differential scanning calorimetry has predominantly been used in this context but does have practical limitations and is unable to quantify the kinetics of crystal growth and nucleation. In this work, we introduce a microfluidic technique capable of quantifying the properties of interest and use it to investigate aqueous sucrose solutions of varying concentration. Three freeze-thaw cycles were performed on droplets with 75-μm diameters at cooling and warming rates of 1 °C/min. During each cycle, the visual appearance of the droplets was optically monitored as they experienced nucleation, crystal growth, formation of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution, and melting. Nucleation and crystal growth manifested as increases in droplet brightness during the cooling phase. Heating was associated with a further increase as the temperature associated with the maximally freeze-concentrated solution was approached. Heating beyond the melting point corresponded to a decrease in brightness. Comparison with the literature confirmed the accuracy of the new technique while offering new visual data on the maximally freeze-concentrated solution. Thus, the microfluidic technique presented here may serve as a complement to differential scanning calorimetry in the context of freezing and freeze-drying. In the future, it could be applied to a plethora of mixtures that undergo such processing, whether in pharmaceutics, food production, or beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif-Thore Deck
- Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Shardt
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Imad El-Bakouri
- Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Florin N Isenrich
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Marcolli
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Marco Mazzotti
- Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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6
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Yan X, Au SCY, Chan SC, Chan YL, Leung NC, Wu WY, Sin DT, Zhao G, Chung CHY, Mei M, Yang Y, Qiu H, Yao S. Unraveling the role of vaporization momentum in self-jumping dynamics of freezing supercooled droplets at reduced pressures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1567. [PMID: 38378825 PMCID: PMC10879204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercooling of water complicates phase change dynamics, the understanding of which remains limited yet vital to energy-related and aerospace processes. Here, we investigate the freezing and jumping dynamics of supercooled water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, induced by a remarkable vaporization momentum, in a low-pressure environment. The vaporization momentum arises from the vaporization at droplet's free surface, progressed and intensified by recalescence, subsequently inducing droplet compression and finally self-jumping. By incorporating liquid-gas-solid phase changes involving vaporization, freezing recalescence, and liquid-solid interactions, we resolve the vaporization momentum and droplet dynamics, revealing a size-scaled jumping velocity and a nucleation-governed jumping direction. A droplet-size-defined regime map is established, distinguishing the vaporization-momentum-dominated self-jumping from evaporative drying and overpressure-initiated levitation, all induced by depressurization and vaporization. Our findings illuminate the role of supercooling and low-pressure mediated phase change in shaping fluid transport dynamics, with implications for passive anti-icing, advanced cooling, and climate physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Samuel C Y Au
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui Cheong Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Lung Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ngai Chun Leung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wa Yat Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dixon T Sin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Casper H Y Chung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinchuang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huihe Qiu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Boström M, Li Y, Brevik I, Persson C, Carretero-Palacios S, Malyi OI. van der Waals induced ice growth on partially melted ice nuclei in mist and fog. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32709-32714. [PMID: 38014720 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Ice nucleation and formation play pivotal roles across various domains, from environmental science to food engineering. However, the exact ice formation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study introduces a novel ice formation process, which can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous, depending on the initial conditions. The process initiates ice crystal growth from a nucleus composed of a micron-sized partially melted ice particle. We explore the role of van der Waals (Lifshitz)-free energy and its resulting stress in the accumulation of ice at the interface with water vapor. Our analysis suggests that this process could lead to thicknesses ranging from nanometers to micrometers, depending on the size and degree of initial melting of the ice nucleus. We provide evidence for the growth of thin ice layers instead of liquid water films on a partially melted ice-vapor interface, offering some insights into mist and fog formation. We also link it to potential atmospheric and astrogeophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boström
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o., Wolczynska Str. 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Y Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - I Brevik
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Carretero-Palacios
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC,C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - O I Malyi
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o., Wolczynska Str. 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland.
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