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Fu X, Hu Z, Li W, Ma L, Chen J, Liu M, Liu J, Hu S, Wang H, Huang Y, Tang G, Zhang B, Cai X, Wang Y, Li L, Ma J, Shi SH, Yin L, Zhang H, Li X, Sheng X. A silicon diode-based optoelectronic interface for bidirectional neural modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404164121. [PMID: 39012823 PMCID: PMC11287284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced neural modulation techniques is crucial to neuroscience research and neuroengineering applications. Recently, optical-based, nongenetic modulation approaches have been actively investigated to remotely interrogate the nervous system with high precision. Here, we show that a thin-film, silicon (Si)-based diode device is capable to bidirectionally regulate in vitro and in vivo neural activities upon adjusted illumination. When exposed to high-power and short-pulsed light, the Si diode generates photothermal effects, evoking neuron depolarization and enhancing intracellular calcium dynamics. Conversely, low-power and long-pulsed light on the Si diode hyperpolarizes neurons and reduces calcium activities. Furthermore, the Si diode film mounted on the brain of living mice can activate or suppress cortical activities under varied irradiation conditions. The presented material and device strategies reveal an innovated optoelectronic interface for precise neural modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Muyang Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Shuhan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Huachun Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen518107, China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Bozhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lizhu Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jian Ma
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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Jakešová M, Kunovský O, Gablech I, Khodagholy D, Gelinas J, Głowacki ED. Coupling of photovoltaics with neurostimulation electrodes-optical to electrolytic transduction. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046003. [PMID: 38885680 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad593d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The wireless transfer of power for driving implantable neural stimulation devices has garnered significant attention in the bioelectronics field. This study explores the potential of photovoltaic (PV) power transfer, utilizing tissue-penetrating deep-red light-a novel and promising approach that has received less attention compared to traditional induction or ultrasound techniques. Our objective is to critically assess key parameters for directly powering neurostimulation electrodes with PVs, converting light impulses into neurostimulation currents.Approach.We systematically investigate varying PV cell size, optional series configurations, and coupling with microelectrodes fabricated from a range of materials such as Pt, TiN, IrOx, Ti, W, PtOx, Au, or poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate). Additionally, two types of PVs, ultrathin organic PVs and monocrystalline silicon PVs, are compared. These combinations are employed to drive pairs of electrodes with different sizes and impedances. The readout method involves measuring electrolytic current using a straightforward amplifier circuit.Main results.Optimal PV selection is crucial, necessitating sufficiently large PV cells to generate the desired photocurrent. Arranging PVs in series is essential to produce the appropriate voltage for driving current across electrode/electrolyte impedances. By carefully choosing the PV arrangement and electrode type, it becomes possible to emulate electrical stimulation protocols in terms of charge and frequency. An important consideration is whether the circuit is photovoltage-limited or photocurrent-limited. High charge-injection capacity electrodes made from pseudo-faradaic materials impose a photocurrent limit, while more capacitive materials like Pt are photovoltage-limited. Although organic PVs exhibit lower efficiency than silicon PVs, in many practical scenarios, stimulation current is primarily limited by the electrodes rather than the PV driver, leading to potential parity between the two types.Significance.This study provides a foundational guide for designing a PV-powered neurostimulation circuit. The insights gained are applicable to bothin vitroandin vivoapplications, offering a resource to the neural engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jakešová
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kunovský
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Imrich Gablech
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gelinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wei S, Xia X, Bi S, Hu S, Wu X, Hsu HY, Zou X, Huang K, Zhang DW, Sun Q, Bard AJ, Yu ET, Ji L. Metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6860-6916. [PMID: 38833171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a scalable and integrated platform to harness renewable solar energy for green hydrogen production. The practical implementation of PEC systems hinges on addressing three critical challenges: enhancing energy conversion efficiency, ensuring long-term stability, and achieving economic viability. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction photoelectrodes have gained significant attention over the last decade for their ability to efficiently segregate photogenerated carriers and mitigate corrosion-induced semiconductor degradation. This review discusses the structural composition and interfacial intricacies of MIS photoelectrodes tailored for PEC water splitting. The application of MIS heterostructures across various semiconductor light-absorbing layers, including traditional photovoltaic-grade semiconductors, metal oxides, and emerging materials, is presented first. Subsequently, this review elucidates the reaction mechanisms and respective merits of vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques in the fabrication of the insulator layers. In the context of the metal layers, this review extends beyond the conventional scope, not only by introducing metal-based cocatalysts, but also by exploring the latest advancements in molecular and single-atom catalysts integrated within MIS photoelectrodes. Furthermore, a systematic summary of carrier transfer mechanisms and interface design principles of MIS photoelectrodes is presented, which are pivotal for optimizing energy band alignment and enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency within the PEC system. Finally, this review explores innovative derivative configurations of MIS photoelectrodes, including back-illuminated MIS photoelectrodes, inverted MIS photoelectrodes, tandem MIS photoelectrodes, and monolithically integrated wireless MIS photoelectrodes. These novel architectures address the limitations of traditional MIS structures by effectively coupling different functional modules, minimizing optical and ohmic losses, and mitigating recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shice Wei
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuewen Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuai Bi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - David W Zhang
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qinqqing Sun
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
| | - Li Ji
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Yang C, Cheng Z, Li P, Tian B. Exploring Present and Future Directions in Nano-Enhanced Optoelectronic Neuromodulation. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1398-1410. [PMID: 38652467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrical neuromodulation has achieved significant translational advancements, including the development of deep brain stimulators for managing neural disorders and vagus nerve stimulators for seizure treatment. Optoelectronics, in contrast to wired electrical systems, offers the leadless feature that guides multisite and high spatiotemporal neural system targeting, ensuring high specificity and precision in translational therapies known as "photoelectroceuticals". This Account provides a concise overview of developments in novel optoelectronic nanomaterials that are engineered through innovative molecular, chemical, and nanostructure designs to facilitate neural interfacing with high efficiency and minimally invasive implantation.This Account outlines the progress made both within our laboratory and across the broader scientific community, with particular attention to implications in materials innovation strategies, studying bioelectrical activation with spatiotemporal methods, and applications in regenerative medicine. In materials innovation, we highlight a nongenetic, biocompatible, and minimally invasive approach for neuromodulation that spans various length scales, from single neurons to nerve tissues using nanosized particles and monolithic membranes. Furthermore, our discussion exposes the critical unresolved questions in the field, including mechanisms of interaction at the nanobio interface, the precision of cellular or tissue targeting, and integration into existing neural networks with high spatiotemporal modulation. In addition, we present the challenges and pressing needs for long-term stability and biocompatibility, scalability for clinical applications, and the development of noninvasive monitoring and control systems.In addressing the existing challenges in the field of nanobio interfaces, particularly for neural applications, we envisage promising strategic directions that could significantly advance this burgeoning domain. This involves a deeper theoretical understanding of nanobiointerfaces, where simulations and experimental validations on how nanomaterials interact spatiotemporally with biological systems are crucial. The development of more durable materials is vital for prolonged applications in dynamic neural interfaces, and the ability to manipulate neural activity with high specificity and spatial resolution, paves the way for targeting individual neurons or specific neural circuits. Additionally, integrating these interfaces with advanced control systems, possibly leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms and programming dynamically responsive materials designs, could significantly ease the implementation of stimulation and recording. These innovations hold the potential to introduce novel treatment modalities for a wide range of neurological and systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwang Yang
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pengju Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhu D, Shen W, Liu J. Photocatalytic manipulation of Ca 2+ signaling for regulating cellular and animal behaviors via MOF-enabled H 2O 2 generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0263. [PMID: 38640246 PMCID: PMC11029810 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The in situ generation of H2O2 in cells in response to external stimulation has exceptional advantages in modulating intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, including high controllability and biological safety, but has been rarely explored. Here, we develop photocatalyst-based metal-organic frameworks (DCSA-MOFs) to modulate Ca2+ responses in cells, multicellular spheroids, and organs. By virtue of the efficient photocatalytic oxygen reduction to H2O2 without sacrificial agents, photoexcited DCSA-MOFs can rapidly trigger Ca2+ outflow from the endoplasmic reticulum with single-cell precision in a repeatable and controllable manner, enabling the propagation of intercellular Ca2+ waves (ICW) over long distances in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell cultures. After photoexcitation, ICWs induced by DCSA-MOFs can activate neural activities in the optical tectum of tadpoles and thighs of spinal frogs, eliciting the corresponding motor behaviors. Our study offers a versatile optical nongenetic modulation technique that enables remote, repeatable, and controlled manipulation of cellular and animal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhou
- Westlake University, Shilongshan Rd. Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wanhua Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Efimov IR. Light can restore a heart's rhythm. Nature 2024; 626:961-962. [PMID: 38383638 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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